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210 Cilloni, Gottardi, and Saglio<br />
14. The threshold and baseline values have been established by the European network<br />
in order to provide comparable results between different laboratories.<br />
15. The software automatically generates standard curves for WT1 and ABL using<br />
the mean Ct values of the different plasmid serial dilutions that have been<br />
included in the plate. The mean Ct for both WT1 and ABL in each of the samples<br />
is then automatically compared with the respective plasmid standard curves to<br />
obtain the corresponding quantity (copy number) of transcripts in each sample<br />
tested.<br />
16. The final result expresses the WT1 copy number normalized per 10,000 ABL<br />
copies.<br />
17. The samples with an ABL Ct value >29 should be discarded, because the quality<br />
of the sample is unacceptable.<br />
References<br />
1. Van Dongen, J. J., Seriu, T., Panzer-Grumayer, E. R., et al. (1998) Prognostic<br />
value of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood.<br />
Lancet 28, 1731–1738.<br />
2. Cavé, H., van der Werfften, Bosch, J., et al. (1998) Clinical significance of minimal<br />
residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. European Organization<br />
for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Childhood <strong>Leukemia</strong> Cooperative<br />
Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 27, 591–598.<br />
3. Nowell, P. C. (1992) Chromosome abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndrome<br />
and acute myelogenous leukemia. Semin. Oncol. 19, 25–33.<br />
4. Cilloni, D., Gottardi, E., De Micheli, D., et al. (2002) Quantitative assessment of<br />
WT1 expression by real time quantitative PCR may be a useful tool for monitoring<br />
minimal residual disease in acute leukemia patients. <strong>Leukemia</strong> 16, 2115–2121.<br />
5. Cilloni, D., Messa, F., Gottardi, E., et al. (2003) Very significant correlation between<br />
WT1 expression level and the IPSS score in patients with myelodysplastic<br />
syndromes. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 1988–1995.<br />
6. Inoue, K., Ogawa, H., Sonoda, Y., et al. (1997) Aberrant overexpression of the<br />
Wilms tumor gene (WT1) in human leukemia. Blood 89, 1405–1412.<br />
7. Call, K. M., Glaser, T., Ito, C. Y., et al. (1990) Isolation and characterization of a<br />
zinc finger polypeptide gene at the human chromosome 11 Wilms’ tumor locus.<br />
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8. Madden, S. L., Cook, D. M., Morris, J. F., Gashler, A., Sukhatme, V. P., and<br />
Rauscher, F. J. III. (1991) Transcriptional repression mediated by the WT1 Wilms’<br />
tumor gene product. Science 253, 1550–1553.<br />
9. Park, S., Schalling, M., Bernard, A., et al. (1993) The Wilms tumor gene WT1 is<br />
expressed in murine mesoderm-derived tissues and mutated in a human mesothelioma.<br />
Nat. Genet. 4, 415–420.<br />
10. Pritchard-Jones, K. and Fleming, S. (1991) Cell types expressing the Wilms’ tumor<br />
gene (WT1) in Wilms’ tumor: implications for tumor histogenesis. Oncogene<br />
6, 2211–2220.