- Page 3: A research-based,online learning en
- Page 8 and 9: VICE PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOREXECUTIV
- Page 11 and 12: PrefaceAt the beginning of each sem
- Page 13 and 14: topics for students. To help organi
- Page 15 and 16: With each of these software feature
- Page 17: Second Edition. John Baker, Univers
- Page 20 and 21: 8.3 Normal Stresses in Beams 2408.4
- Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER1Stress1.1 IntroductionThe t
- Page 25 and 26: Greek letter σ (sigma). To determi
- Page 27 and 28: ExAmpLE 1.2Rigid bar ABC is support
- Page 29 and 30: of) the largest-magnitude internal
- Page 31 and 32: 9dIRECT SHEAR STRESSJeffery S. Thom
- Page 33 and 34: point O, which is the center of rot
- Page 35 and 36: ExAmpLE 1.7A steel pipe column (6.5
- Page 37 and 38: The projected area A b is equal to
- Page 39 and 40: FIGURE p1.4/5p1.5 Three solid bars,
- Page 41 and 42: Determine the shortest allowable le
- Page 43 and 44: p1.29 A hollow box beam ABCD is sup
- Page 45 and 46: To investigate the stresses acting
- Page 47 and 48: ExAmpLE 1.9A 120 mm wide steel bar
- Page 49 and 50: ExERcISESm1.12 The bar shown has a
- Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER2Strain2.1 Displacement, Def
- Page 53 and 54: Accordingly, a positive value of δ
- Page 55 and 56: To distinguish clearly bet ween elo
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m2.2 A rigid steel bar AB is pinned
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Sanding sleeveDγ is the specific w
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In the undeformed plate, the angle
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2.4 Thermal StrainWhen unrestrained
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pRoBLEmSp2.16 An airplane has a hal
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46MECHANICAL PROPERTIESOF MATERIALS
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3.2 The Stress-Strain Diagrammecmov
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50MECHANICAL PROPERTIESOF MATERIALS
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52MECHANICAL PROPERTIESOF MATERIALS
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54MECHANICAL PROPERTIESOF MATERIALS
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3.3 Hooke’s LawAs discussed previ
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(b) The lateral strain is0.004 in.
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ExAmpLE 3.340 mm20 mm80 mm(1)PTwo b
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p3.6 A nylon [E = 2,500 MPa; ν = 0
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p3.16 Compound axial member ABC sho
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66dESIgN CONCEPTS• Although their
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4.4 Allowable Stress DesignThe allo
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Note: The resultant force should al
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the design. Substitute the allowabl
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m4.2 The single-shear connection co
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p4.8 Rigid bar ABC is supported by
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78dESIgN CONCEPTSFrequencydistribut
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80dESIgN CONCEPTSFrequencyLoad fact
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The design strength is the product
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84AxIAL dEFORMATIONMore powerful co
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5.3 Deformations in Axially Loaded
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88AxIAL dEFORMATIONEquation (5.5) a
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Now compute the deformations in eac
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The total elongation of the bar is
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p5.9 The assembly shown in Figure P
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yA2.4 m 1.8 mRigid bar(1) (2) (3)de
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xBconfigurations due to a force app
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(b) Member DeformationsThe deformat
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y,va b cabx,uA B C Dp5.18 The truss
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F 1 F 1 F 2Since the axial members
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106AxIAL dEFORMATIONThe five-step p
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Equation Form Comments Typical Prob
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There are still two unknowns in thi
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112AxIAL dEFORMATION(1) (2)Px Bx CA
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114AxIAL dEFORMATIONAn equilibrium
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p5.24 A composite bar is fabricated
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p5.34 A pin-connected structure is
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m5.12 A rigid bar ABC is pinned at
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Step 2 — Geometry of Deformation:
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A(1)L 1+ v BL1100 mmCv BB(Note: Def
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and the deformation of member (2) i
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p5.46 At a temperature of 15°C, a
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130AxIAL dEFORMATIONA A BB CCA A BB
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132AxIAL dEFORMATIONUniform tensile
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pRoBLEmSp5.54 A 100 mm wide by 8 mm
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136TORSIONElectromagneticforcesA(1)
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138TORSIONIf the strain is small, t
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6.4 Stresses on oblique planesThe e
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6.5 Torsional DeformationsIf the sh
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144TORSIONA positive internal torqu
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SOLUTIONThe elastic torsion formula
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Rotation Angle at CThe angles of tw
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yA(1)0.85 m 1.00 m 0.70 m550 N.m900
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pRoBLEmSp6.1 A solid circular steel
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p6.15 Figure P6.15 shows a cutaway
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156TORSIONor in terms of the pitch
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NCR CR BNB= 42 teeth= 54 teethCφ C
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pRoBLEmSp6.18 The gear train system
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162TORSIONAnother common measure of
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Note: Only the magnitude of the tor
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respectively. The bearings shown al
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Step 2 — Geometry of Deformation:
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170TORSIONThe five-step procedure d
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mecmoviesExAmpLESm6.19 A composite
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For stainless steel core (2),τ1Tc
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m6.23 A composite shaft consists of
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R BNB= 40 teethφ BBwhere R B and R
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The angle of twist in shaft (2) isT
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zAyFIGURE p6.42/43L 1(1)T BBp6.43 T
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184TORSION3.02.8T2rT2.6DdStress-con
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p6.52 A stepped shaft has a major d
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188TORSIONabTbTaτ max3T=a 2 bFIGUR
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190TORSIONNote that the shear flow
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36 in. long, and its cross-sectiona
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194EQuILIbRIuM OF bEAMSyA xxAA y(a)
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196EQuILIbRIuM OF bEAMSyP1P2wABCxyA
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The sum of forces in the vertical d
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ExAmpLE 7.3ywDraw the shear-force a
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wx 2LA724 wL x—x3aaV2wL xMload th
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8 kN.m13 kNy8 kN.mAA2 m19 kN(3 kN/m
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206EQuILIbRIuM OF bEAMS from the ri
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208EQuILIbRIuM OF bEAMSw(x)w Aw Bw
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Table 7.1 construction Rules for Sh
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ExAmpLE 7.6AAAyA yy12 kips 10 kipsB
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214EQuILIbRIuM OF bEAMSfunction f (
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fBefore the V diagram is complete,
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e V(10) = +15 kips (Rule 2: ∆V =
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y120 kN.m130 kNV-130 kNM-120 kN.m60
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yA40 kN/m50 kNB60 kN.mxp7.17-p7.18
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y6 kips/ft4 kips/fty25 kN30 kN/mA B
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226EQuILIbRIuM OF bEAMSw(x)w(x)εP
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Table 7.2 Basic Loads Represented b
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Shear-force equation: Using the int
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ExAmpLE 7.129 kips/ftA9 kips/ftA5 k
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9 kips/ft5 kips/ft11 kips/ftBending
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y5 kips/ft9 kips/ft70 kN/m30 kN/m 5
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238bENdINgyLongitudinal plane of sy
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240bENdINgEquation (8.1) indicates
- Page 264 and 265:
242bENdINgproduce a resultant force
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244bENdINgyCompressivebending stres
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246bENdINgIn common practice, each
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The controlling section modulus is
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The moment of inertia of the cross
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pRoBLEmSp8.1 During the fabrication
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8.4 Analysis of Bending Stresses in
- Page 278 and 279:
256bENdINg“W12 by 50.” This sha
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11.5 in.6 in.Ref. axis0.5 in.1 in.4
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A B C D E F500 mmB y400 mm 600 mm 6
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m8.15 Moment-of-inertia calculation
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p8.22 A WT305 × 41 standard steel
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Table 8.1 Selecting Standard Steel
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55 kip·ft30 kips2.5 kips/ft30 kips
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Ptw2wAaFIGURE p8.32p8.33 The beam s
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272bENdINgSimilarly, the bending st
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274bENdINgas those in the actual cr
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276bENdINgNotice that the bending s
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Maximum Bending MomentThe maximum b
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ExERcISESm8.16 A composite-beam cro
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8.7 Bending Due to an Eccentric Axi
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HyF = 30 kipse = 8 in. 30 kipsM = 2
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Axial StressOn section a-a, the int
- Page 310 and 311:
m8.22 A steel inverted tee shape is
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a load P is applied at an eccentric
- Page 314 and 315:
outer faces of the flanges. Load P
- Page 316 and 317:
294bENdINgTo satisfy equilibrium, t
- Page 318 and 319:
296bENdINgEquation (8.24) is useful
- Page 320 and 321:
ExAmpLE 8.118 in.8 in.zHK(1)y4 in.(
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8 in.0.859 in.z53.6°H2.859 in.Comp
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(c) the principal moments of inerti
- Page 326 and 327:
304bENdINgStress-concentration fact
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p8.71 The notched bar shown in Figu
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308bENdINgThe circumferential norma
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310bENdINgTo remove θ from this ex
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At point A, r = 50 mm. Thus, the be
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SolutioNCentroid location and neutr
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DMr iOABp8.83 The curved tee shape
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CHAPTER9Shear Stress In beams9.1 In
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a maximum intensity of (4.5 MPa −
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I ci (mm 4 ) | d i | (mm) d i 2 A i
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9.3 The Shear Stress Formula325THE
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What is the significance of Equatio
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ad329THE FIRST MOMENT OF AREA, QVb
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9.5 Shear Stresses in Beams of Rect
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mecmoviesExAmpLEm9.2 Derivation of
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(b) Maximum Horizontal Shear Stress
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ywaAaxLFIGURE p9.7a Simply supporte
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the distribution of shear stress ma
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(a) Shear Stress at HBefore proceed
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m9.6 Determine the maximum horizont
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p9.17 The extruded plastic shape sh
- Page 369 and 370:
NailA(1)zy(2)Nail CNailB(3)Mz(2)(1)
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Identifying the proper Area for QIn
- Page 373 and 374:
Shear Flow FormulaThe shear flow fo
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mecmoviesExAmpLESm9.9 Determine the
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(a) If the screws are uniformly spa
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F(1)dx357SHEAR STRESS ANd SHEARFLOw
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τ xzCutFreesurfaceyFree surfaceCut
- Page 383 and 384:
Next, consider the web of the thin-
- Page 385 and 386:
Longitudinal planeof symmetryyB′
- Page 387 and 388:
The directions and intensities of t
- Page 389 and 390:
of Q. However, what is the negative
- Page 391 and 392:
used in Equation (b). that is, the
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(b) Distribution of shear stressThe
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Calculation of Shear Stress Distrib
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PA375SHEAR CENTERS OFTHIN-wALLEd OP
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SHEAR CENTERS OFTHIN-wALLEd OPENSEC
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the resultant force F w of the shea
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Distribution of Shear StressThe dis
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ExAmpLE 9.14Find the shear center O
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SHEAR CENTERS OFTHIN-wALLEd OPENSEC
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p9.42 The hat-shape extrusion shown
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btOet (typ.)cOh2beh2aFIGURE p9.54bF
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CHAPTER10beam deflections10.1 Intro
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When the beam is bent, points along
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P395THE dIFFERENTIAL EQuATIONOF THE
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continuity conditionsMany beams are
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integrationEquation (b) will be int
- Page 423 and 424:
1 ⎛ 2wx0 ⎞Σ M =⎛ ⎞⎝⎜
- Page 425 and 426:
order to complete this FBD, however
- Page 427 and 428:
ExAmpLE 10.4The simple beam shown s
- Page 429 and 430:
Since C 1 = C 3 ,C2 2Pb( L − b )=
- Page 431 and 432:
p10.5 For the beam and loading show
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ExAmpLE 10.5A beam is loaded and su
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p10.15 For the beam and loading sho
- Page 437 and 438:
to obtain the shear-force function
- Page 439 and 440:
Note that the second term in this e
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ExAmpLE 10.8For the beam shown, use
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pRoBLEmSp10.17 For the beam and loa
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p10.31 For the beam and loading sho
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calculation. Before proceeding, it
- Page 449 and 450:
The beam deflection at B can be cal
- Page 451 and 452:
mecmoviesExAmpLESm10.8 Determine th
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20 kipsb = 4 ft a=16 ftvxv Cx=10 ft
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MLθ =6EIBy the values defined prev
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The beam deflections at A, C, and E
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The beam deflection at E is compute
- Page 461 and 462:
Beam deflection at C: The beam defl
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m10.5 Superposition Warm-up. Exampl
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v4 kips/ft45 kipsvv180 kN.m70 kN80
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CHAPTERStatically Indeterminatebeam
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447P1P2P1P2P1P2THE INTEgRATION METH
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Evaluate ConstantsSubstitute the bo
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integrationIntegrate Equation (f) t
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p11.5 A beam is loaded and supporte
- Page 477 and 478:
SolutioN(a) Support ReactionsAn FBD
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ExAmpLE 11.4For the statically inde
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Equation (c) for the beam slope and
- Page 483 and 484:
11.5 The Superposition method461THE
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vPvPvAL—2L—2(a) Actual beamxBAS
- Page 487 and 488:
Notice that EI appears in both term
- Page 489 and 490:
that the roller support is displace
- Page 491 and 492:
Case 2—Cantilever Beam with Conce
- Page 493 and 494:
wooden beam. Determine an expressio
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ExERcISESm11.1 Propped Cantilevers.
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v60 kN/m125 kNv80 lb/in.140 lb/in.A
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p11.44 A timber [E = 12 GPa] beam i
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Stress TransformationsCHAPTER1212.1
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on the x, y, and z planes. Stresses
- Page 505 and 506:
The result of this simple equilibri
- Page 507 and 508:
Stresses at HThe forces and moments
- Page 509 and 510:
p12.5 An extruded polymer flexural
- Page 511 and 512:
also be added together to produce t
- Page 513 and 514:
pRoBLEmSp12.11-p12.14 The stresses
- Page 515 and 516:
Stress InvarianceThe normal stress
- Page 517 and 518:
The choice of either Equation (12.3
- Page 519 and 520:
ExERcISESm12.1 the Amazing Stress C
- Page 521 and 522:
p12.25-p12.26 The stresses shown in
- Page 523 and 524:
In this figure, we will assume that
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Method one. The first method is sim
- Page 527 and 528:
p2p2p2σ p2σp2σ p2σp1σp1σp1p1p
- Page 529 and 530:
• Substitute the value of θ s in
- Page 531 and 532:
Since θ p is negative, the angle i
- Page 533 and 534:
(b) The principal stresses and the
- Page 535 and 536:
p12.35 A shear wall in a reinforced
- Page 537 and 538:
Utility of mohr’s circleMohr’s
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8. Several points on Mohr’s circl
- Page 541 and 542:
Since points x and y are always the
- Page 543 and 544:
element counterclockwise; therefore
- Page 545 and 546:
and the normal stress acting on the
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ExAmpLE 12.10Stresses on an incline
- Page 549 and 550:
For element A, the absolute maximum
- Page 551 and 552:
pRoBLEmSp12.42 Figure P12.42 shows
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30.0 ksi2,250 psia5.5 ksi680 psiσ1
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The forces on the x, y, and z faces
- Page 557 and 558:
where a i , b i , and c i are the c
- Page 559 and 560:
Table 12.1 Direction cosines for pl
- Page 561 and 562:
p12.66 The stresses at point O in a
- Page 563 and 564:
ydx′541PLANE STRAINdxθ′ zxdy
- Page 565 and 566:
Next, the displacement vector AA′
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yyπ2γ xyxFIGURE 13.6a Positive sh
- Page 569 and 570:
13.4 principal Strains and maximumS
- Page 571 and 572:
• When θ p is positive, the elem
- Page 573 and 574:
p13.3 The thin rectangular plate sh
- Page 575 and 576:
SolutioNPlot point x as (ε x , −
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pRoBLEmSp13.16-p13.17 The principal
- Page 579 and 580:
Equations (13.9), (13.10), and (13.
- Page 581 and 582:
out-of-plane normal strain e z will
- Page 583 and 584:
Although stress is applied only in
- Page 585 and 586:
Unit Volume changeConsider an infin
- Page 587 and 588:
SolutioN(a) Determine the change in
- Page 589 and 590:
Also, Equation (13.17) becomes, sim
- Page 591 and 592:
e x and e y in terms of σ x and σ
- Page 593 and 594:
ExAmpLE 13.9On the free surface of
- Page 595 and 596:
Since the strain measurements were
- Page 597 and 598:
ExAmpLE 13.10A 2014-T6 aluminum all
- Page 599 and 600:
Whereas elongations and contraction
- Page 601 and 602:
ExAmpLE 13.11A unidirectional T-300
- Page 603 and 604:
p13.39 A thin brass [E = 100 GPa; G
- Page 605 and 606:
(a) Determine the normal strains e
- Page 607 and 608:
CHAPTER14Pressure Vessels14.1 Intro
- Page 609 and 610:
From this equilibrium equation, an
- Page 611 and 612:
yσ hoopzxσ longP = pπr 2σ longF
- Page 613 and 614:
τprτ abs max = +2tp2591STRAINS IN
- Page 615 and 616:
Stresses in the outlet PipeThe long
- Page 617 and 618:
m14.5 A cylindrical steel [E = 200
- Page 619 and 620:
diameter of 1,800 mm and a wall thi
- Page 621 and 622:
σ θ dr ∆xdθ599STRESSES IN THIC
- Page 623 and 624:
The radial stress in the thick-wall
- Page 625 and 626:
Similarly, the change in radial str
- Page 627 and 628:
External pressure on a Solid circul
- Page 629 and 630:
ExAmpLE 14.3An open-ended high-pres
- Page 631 and 632:
Then, set σ θ equal to the allowa
- Page 633 and 634:
Cylinder shrink fitted on a solid s
- Page 635 and 636:
The circumferential stress on the i
- Page 637 and 638:
p14.31 An open-ended compound thick
- Page 639 and 640:
normal stresses are identical at al
- Page 641 and 642:
mecmoviesExAmpLEm15.1 A tubular sha
- Page 643 and 644:
15.3 principal Stresses in a Flexur
- Page 645 and 646:
a. The normal stresses caused by F
- Page 647 and 648:
Shear Force and Bending Moment at H
- Page 649 and 650:
mecmoviesExAmpLESm15.2 A cantilever
- Page 651 and 652:
The following equilibrium equations
- Page 653 and 654:
m15.3 The rectangular tube is subje
- Page 655 and 656:
yPPQb ft fAx HHxB C DKx KEyL4FIGURE
- Page 657 and 658:
F yyM yy635gENERAL COMbINEdLOAdINgS
- Page 659 and 660:
SolutioNSection PropertiesThe cross
- Page 661 and 662:
m15.7 A rectangular post has cross-
- Page 663 and 664:
Combined Stresses at HThe normal an
- Page 665 and 666:
SolutioNEquivalent Force SystemA sy
- Page 667 and 668:
The 28,800 lb · ft bending moment
- Page 669 and 670:
Stress transformation Results at KT
- Page 671 and 672:
The 10.8 kN · m (i.e., 10.8 × 10
- Page 673 and 674:
The 8.45 kN · m (i.e., 8.45 × 10
- Page 675 and 676:
p15.28 Three loads are applied to t
- Page 677 and 678:
P y = 375 lb, and P z = 550 lb. Det
- Page 679 and 680:
σ Y(a) Stress element at yieldfor
- Page 681 and 682:
where P is some function of δ. The
- Page 683 and 684:
When the third term in the brackets
- Page 685 and 686:
CompressiontestτTensiontestσσUTp
- Page 687 and 688:
ExAmpLE 15.9The stresses on the fre
- Page 689 and 690:
CHAPTER16Columns16.1 IntroductionIn
- Page 691 and 692:
moment, then the system will tend t
- Page 693 and 694:
Buckled configurationIf the compres
- Page 695 and 696:
The critical load for an ideal colu
- Page 697 and 698:
• The Euler buckling load equatio
- Page 699 and 700:
Similarly, the moment of inertia of
- Page 701 and 702:
p16.11 An assembly consisting of ti
- Page 703 and 704:
P< PcrBxP=PcrBB yPBB yxPBL −x681T
- Page 705 and 706:
The equation of the buckled column
- Page 707 and 708:
where L is the actual length of the
- Page 709 and 710:
Critical StressThe critical load eq
- Page 711 and 712:
pRoBLEmSp16.15 An HSS152.4 × 101.6
- Page 713 and 714:
column is as shown in Figure 16.8b.
- Page 715 and 716:
1.15e = 0693THE SECANT FORMuLAPP cr
- Page 717 and 718:
several values of the eccentricity
- Page 719 and 720:
graph shows a scattered range of va
- Page 721 and 722:
For intermediate-length columns wit
- Page 723 and 724:
Controlling slenderness ratio: Sinc
- Page 725 and 726:
From this allowable stress, the all
- Page 727 and 728:
fixed at base A with respect to ben
- Page 729 and 730:
p16.41 A simple pin-connected wood
- Page 731 and 732:
ExAmpLE 16.8The W12 × 58 structura
- Page 733 and 734:
(b) Magnitude of the largest eccent
- Page 735 and 736:
where c is the outside radius of th
- Page 737 and 738:
CHAPTER17Energy Methods17.1 Introdu
- Page 739 and 740:
deformation vary. This dependency i
- Page 741 and 742:
σσModulus oftoughnessFracture719w
- Page 743 and 744:
or in terms of the deformation δ a
- Page 745 and 746:
strain energies in all the segments
- Page 747 and 748:
ExAmpLE 17.3A cantilever beam AB of
- Page 749 and 750:
or, since a + b = L,UPab 2 2 2= Ans
- Page 751 and 752:
In the loaded system, dynamic loadi
- Page 753 and 754:
Special cases. Two extreme situatio
- Page 755 and 756:
Plan the SolutionThe axial deformat
- Page 757 and 758:
so that the impact factor can be wr
- Page 759 and 760:
Multiplying the two factors of the
- Page 761 and 762:
SolutioN(a) The areas of the two ro
- Page 763 and 764:
This strain-energy density is repre
- Page 765 and 766:
pRoBLEmSp17.12 A 19 mm diameter ste
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p17.24 Figure P17.24 shows block D,
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The external work done by a force a
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pRoBLEmSp17.30 Determine the horizo
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PB751METHOd OF VIRTuAL wORkP 2ACδ
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internal forces f 1 and f 2 acting
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17.9 Deflections of Trussesby the V
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The right-hand sides of Equations (
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at B. The right-hand side represent
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MemberL(mm)A(mm 2 )F(kN)f(kN)⎛ FL
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vwPv1763dEFLECTIONS OF bEAMS byTHE
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Pw1765dEFLECTIONS OF bEAMS byTHE VI
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Real Moment M: Remove the virtual l
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BeamSegmentx Coordinateoriginlimits
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For segment CD, draw a free-body di
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P 2P 2P 2P PAC E G HB D F6 mp17.49
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Therefore, the total strain energy
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The terms L, A, and E are constant
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elastic modulus E = 200 GPa; theref
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17.13 Calculating Deflections of Be
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5. Integration: Perform the integra
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ExAmpLE 17.19Compute the deflection
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From Equation (17.40), the beam def
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120 N/mm40 kN/mAB C100 mm 65 mm 65
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Table A.1 properties of plane Figur
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ExAmpLE A.1Determine the location o
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Using the Pythagorean theorem, dist
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SolutioN(a) Moment of inertia About
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A.3 product of Inertia for an AreaT
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1.654 in.y1.654 in.y1.154 in.(1)1.8
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andcos2θ =p∓( I − I )/2x⎛ (
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ExAmpLE A.7Determine the principal
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mecmoviesExAmpLEA.6 The theory and
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geometric Properties ofStructural S
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Wide-Flange Sections or W Shapes—
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x-XYttffXt wdYb fAmerican Standard
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Shapes cut from Wide-Flange Section
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Hollow Structural Sections or HSS S
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Angle Shapes or L ShapesDesignation
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Table of beam Slopesand deflections
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cantilever BeamsBeam Slope Deflecti
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Table D.1a Average properties of Se
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Table D.2 Typical properties of Sel
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Gear relationships between gears A
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thin-walled pressure vesselsTangent
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P3.11 P = 42,000 lbP3.13 (a) E = 30
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P7.1310.0 kips40.00 kip·ftxP7.293.
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(c)(c)P7.45−(a) wx ( ) = 42.09 ki
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P8.83 (a) r n = 112.5 mm(b) σ A =
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P11.23 (a) P = 12.50 kips(b) M = 31
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P12.63 T max = 119.8 N · mP12.65 (
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P15.43 σ x = 1,545 psi, σ z = 0 p
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IndexAAbsolute maximum shear strain
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load, 207, 210, 211load-deflection,
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for indeterminate beam analysis,461
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flexural, 239-240in-plane shear, 54