year 8 maths

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vi7 Linear relationships 1 398 Number and Algebra8Pre-test 4007A The Cartesian plane 4017B Using rules, tables and graphs to explore linear relationships 4057C Finding the rule using a table of values 4097D Gradient EXTENSION 4157E Gradient–intercept form EXTENSION 4217F The x-intercept EXTENSION 4287G Solving linear equations using graphical techniques 4327H Applying linear graphs EXTENSION 4417I Non-linear graphs 446Investigation 452Puzzles and challenges 454Review: Chapter summary 455Multiple-choice questions 456Short-answer questions 457Extended-response questions 459Transformations and congruence 460Pre-test 4628A Reflection 4638B Translation 4708C Rotation 4758D Congruent figures 4818E Congruent triangles 4868F Similar figures EXTENSION 4938G Similar triangles EXTENSION 5008H Using congruent triangles to establish properties ofquadrilaterals 506Investigation 512Puzzles and challenges 514Review: Chapter summary 515Multiple-choice questions 516Short-answer questions 517Extended-response question 519Linear relationshipsMA4–11NAMeasurement and GeometryProperties of geometrical figuresMA4–17MGNumber and AlgebraLinear relationshipsMA4–11NACambridge Maths NSWStage 4 Year 8 Second editionISBN 978-1-108-46627-1 © Palmer et al. 2018Cambridge University PressPhotocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.
vii9Data collection, representation and analysis 520Pre-test 5229A Types of data 5239B Dot plots and column graphs 5299C Line graphs 5399D Sector graphs and divided bar graphs 5459E Frequency distribution tables 5519F Frequency histograms and frequency polygons 5579G Mean, median, mode and range 5649H Interquartile range EXTENSION 5699I Stem-and-leaf plots 5739J Surveying and sampling 579Investigation 584Puzzles and challenges 585Review: Chapter summary 586Multiple-choice questions 587Short-answer questions 589Extended-response questions 591Statistics and ProbabilityData collection and representationSingle variable data analysisMA4–19SP, MA4–20SPSemester review 2 592Answers 600Index 661Cambridge Maths NSWStage 4 Year 8 Second editionISBN 978-1-108-46627-1 © Palmer et al. 2018Cambridge University PressPhotocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.
Page 1 and 2: 8YEARCambridgeMATHSNSWSTAGE 4SECOND
Page 3 and 4: iiiTable of ContentsAbout the autho
Page 5: vPuzzles and challenges 264Review:
Page 9 and 10: ixIntroduction and guide to this bo
Page 11 and 12: xiGuide to this bookFeatures:NSW Sy
Page 13 and 14: xiiiOverview of the digital resourc
Page 15 and 16: xvDownloadable PDF TextbookThe conv
Page 17 and 18: xviiAcknowledgementsThe author and
Page 19 and 20: NSW syllabusSTRAND: NUMBER AND ALGE
Page 21 and 22: 1AThe language of algebra51A The la
Page 23 and 24: 1AThe language of algebra7Exercise
Page 25 and 26: 1AThe language of algebra911 A plum
Page 27 and 28: 1BSubstitution and equivalence11Exa
Page 29 and 30: 1BSubstitution and equivalence13PRO
Page 31 and 32: 1C Adding and subtracting terms 15E
Page 33 and 34: 1C Adding and subtracting terms 171
Page 35 and 36: 1DMultiplying and dividing terms19b
Page 37 and 38: 1DMultiplying and dividing terms211
Page 39 and 40: 1EAdding and subtracting algebraic
Page 41 and 42: 1EAdding and subtracting algebraic
Page 43 and 44: 1FMultiplying and dividing algebrai
Page 45 and 46: 1FMultiplying and dividing algebrai
Page 47 and 48: 1GExpanding brackets311G Expanding
Page 49 and 50: 1GExpanding brackets333 Consider th
Page 51 and 52: 1GExpanding brackets3516 Prove that
Page 53 and 54: 1HFactorising expressions37Example
Page 55 and 56: 1HFactorising expressions3913 Consi
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1IApplying algebra41Exercise 1IUNDE
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1IApplying algebra4313 Roberto draw
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1JIndex laws for multiplication and
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1JIndex laws for multiplication and
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1KThe zero index and power of a pow
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1KThe zero index and power of a pow
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Investigation536 Draw a number pyra
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Chapter summary55Pronumeral: a lett
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Chapter review57Multiple-choice que
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Chapter review59Extended-response q
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NSW syllabusSTRAND: NUMBER AND ALGE
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2AReviewing equations632A Reviewing
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2AReviewing equations65Example 3Wri
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2AReviewing equations6715 a Explain
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2BEquivalent equations69Example 4 F
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2BEquivalent equations71Example 5bE
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2CEquations with fractions732C Equa
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2CEquations with fractions75Example
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2CEquations with fractions7710 To s
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2DEquations with pronumerals on bot
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2DEquations with pronumerals on bot
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2EEquations with brackets832E Equat
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2EEquations with brackets853 Rolf i
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2FSolving simple quadratic equation
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2FSolving simple quadratic equation
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2GFormulas and relationships91Examp
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2GFormulas and relationships9312 Th
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2HApplications952H ApplicationsEXTE
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2HApplications97Exercise 2HEXTENSIO
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2HApplications9914 The average of t
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2IInequalities101Example 15Represen
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2IInequalities10310 At a certain sc
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2JSolving inequalities105Example 17
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2JSolving inequalities107PROBLEM-SO
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Investigation109Tiling a pool edgeT
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Puzzles and challenges1111 Find the
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Chapter review113Multiple-choice qu
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Chapter review11510 a The sum of th
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NSW syllabusSTRAND: MEASUREMENT AND
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3ALength and perimeter1193A Length
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3ALength and perimeter121Exercise 3
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3ALength and perimeter12311 Gillian
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3BCircumference of circles1253B Cir
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3BCircumference of circles127Exerci
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3BCircumference of circles12917 We
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3CArea131• Triangle A = 1 2 × b
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3CArea133c i How many m 2 in 1 km 2
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3CArea13513 Write down expressions
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3DArea of special quadrilaterals137
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3DArea of special quadrilaterals139
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3EArea of circles141■ The ratio o
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1 d3EArea of circles143Example 115
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3FArea of sectors and composite fig
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3GSurface area of prisms151Example
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3GSurface area of prisms1538 Find t
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3HVolume and capacity155■ Some co
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3HVolume and capacity157PROBLEM-SOL
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3IVolume of prisms and cylinders159
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3JTime165■ The Earth is divided i
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3JTime1671 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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3JTime1692 Find the number of:a sec
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3JTime17117 A doctor earns $180 000
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3KIntroducing Pythagoras’ theorem
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3KIntroducing Pythagoras’ theorem
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3LUsing Pythagoras’ theorem1773L
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3LUsing Pythagoras’ theorem179Exe
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3MCalculating the length of a short
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Investigation187Pythagorean triads
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Chapter summary189PerimeterTriangle
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Chapter review191Short-answer quest
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Chapter review193Extended-response
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4AEquivalent fractions1974A Equival
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4AEquivalent fractions199Example 1G
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4AEquivalent fractions201Example 29
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4BComputation with fractions2034B C
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4BComputation with fractions205■
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4BComputation with fractions207Exam
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4BComputation with fractions209Exam
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4CDecimal place value and fraction/
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4DComputation with decimals2174D Co
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4DComputation with decimals219Examp
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4DComputation with decimals221Examp
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4ETerminating decimals, recurring d
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4FConverting fractions, decimals an
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4GFinding a percentage and expressi
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4HDecreasing and increasing by a pe
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4IThe Goods and Services Tax (GST)2
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4IThe Goods and Services Tax (GST)2
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4JCalculating percentage change, pr
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4KSolving percentage problems with
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4KSolving percentage problems with
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Investigation263Calculating phiPhi
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Chapter summary2652=3Numerator2 par
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Chapter summary267Fraction to perce
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Chapter review2693 Evaluate each of
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Chapter review271Extended-response
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5AIntroducing ratios2755A Introduci
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5AIntroducing ratios277Exercise 5AU
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5AIntroducing ratios279ENRICHMENT-
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5BSimplifying ratios281■ The quan
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5BSimplifying ratios283Example 4bEx
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5CDividing a quantity in a given ra
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5DScale drawings2915D Scale drawing
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5DScale drawings293Example 9Convert
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5DScale drawings295Example 10Exampl
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5DScale drawings29717 A cartographe
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5EIntroducing rates299Example 12Wri
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5EIntroducing rates30111 The Tungam
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5FRatios and rates and the unitary
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5FRatios and rates and the unitary
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5GSolving rate problems3075G Solvin
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5GSolving rate problems309Exercise
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5GSolving rate problems311ENRICHMEN
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5HSpeed313Example 20Finding average
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5HSpeed315Exercise 5HUNDERSTANDING
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5HSpeed317ENRICHMENT- -20Speed rese
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5IDistance-time graphs319■ To dra
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5IDistance-time graphs321Exercise 5
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5IDistance-time graphs323Example 25
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5IDistance-time graphs32511 This di
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5IDistance-time graphs327ENRICHMENT
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Puzzles and challenges3291 This dia
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Chapter summary331Average rates720
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Chapter review33311 A toddler walke
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Chapter review33516 This distance-t
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Semester review 1 3378 For the rect
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Semester review 1 339Chapter 3: Mea
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Semester review 1 3418 Find the val
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Semester review 1 3439 a Increase $
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Semester review 1 3452 The training
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NSW syllabusSTRAND: MEASUREMENT AND
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6AThe language, notation and conven
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6BTransversal lines and parallel li
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6CTriangles365■ Triangles classif
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6CTriangles367Example 3a4 Use the a
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6CTriangles36911 A triangle is cons
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6DQuadrilaterals3716D Quadrilateral
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6DQuadrilaterals373Example 5Using t
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6DQuadrilaterals375Example 5b4 Use
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6EPolygons3776E PolygonsEXTENSIONTh
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6EPolygons379Example 7Finding angle
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6EPolygons381ef16°40°85°x°x°10
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6FLine symmetry and rotational symm
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6FLine symmetry and rotational symm
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6GEuler’s formula for three-dimen
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6GEuler’s formula for three-dimen
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Investigation391ConstructionsGeomet
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Puzzles and challenges3931 This sha
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Chapter review3975 These triangles
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7AThe Cartesian plane4017A The Cart
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7AThe Cartesian plane4033 Write the
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7BUsing rules, tables and graphs to
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7BUsing rules, tables and graphs to
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7CFinding the rule using a table of
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7DGradient4157D GradientEXTENSIONTh
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7DGradient417Exercise 7DEXTENSIONUN
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7DGradient419PROBLEM-SOLVING AND RE
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7EGradient-intercept form4217E Grad
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7EGradient-intercept form423Example
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7EGradient-intercept form425Example
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7EGradient-intercept form42713 Writ
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7FThe x-intercept429Example 11Findi
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7FThe x-intercept431PROBLEM-SOLVING
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7GSolving linear equations using gr
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7HApplying linear graphs4417H Apply
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7HApplying linear graphs443Example
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7HApplying linear graphs445PROBLEM-
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7INon-linear graphs447Example 17Plo
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7INon-linear graphs449c y = 5 − x
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7INon-linear graphs4516 What are th
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Investigation453Exploring families
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Chapter summary455yy = 2x − 1−4
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Chapter review4599 a Use the approp
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NSW syllabusSTRANDS: NUMBER AND ALG
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8AReflection4638A Re flectionWhen a
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8AReflection465Example 2Using coord
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8AReflection467Example 25 State the
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8AReflection469ENRICHMENT- -15Refle
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8BTranslation471Example 3Finding th
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8BTranslation473Example 46 Copy the
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8CRotation4758C Ro t a t ionWhen th
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8CRotation477Exercise 8CUNDERSTANDI
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8CRotation4797 The triangle shown h
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8DCongruent figures4818D Congruent
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8DCongruent figures4833 In this dia
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8DCongruent figures48510 An isoscel
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8ECongruent triangles487■ There a
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8ECongruent triangles489Example 83
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8ECongruent triangles4918 Two adjoi
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8FSimilar figures4938F Similar figu
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8FSimilar figures495Example 10Decid
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8FSimilar figures4973 Decide if the
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8FSimilar figures49911 a If a regul
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8GSimilar triangles501• The hypot
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8GSimilar triangles503Example 113 D
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8GSimilar triangles5058 Trees on a
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8HUsing congruent triangles to esta
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Investigation513Exploring SSAWith t
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Chapter summary515TranslationVector
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Chapter review51710 ABCD is a paral
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Chapter review51911 This quadrilate
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NSW syllabusSTRAND: STATISTICS ANDS
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9ATypes of data5239A Types of dataP
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9ATypes of data525Example 12 Classi
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9ATypes of data52710 A Likert-type
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9BDot plots and column graphs5299B
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9BDot plots and column graphs531Exa
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9BDot plots and column graphs533Exa
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9BDot plots and column graphs5357 E
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9BDot plots and column graphs53712
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9CLine graphs5399C Line graphsA lin
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9CLine graphs541Exercise 9CUNDERSTA
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9CLine graphs5439 The temperature i
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9DSector graphs and divided bar gra
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9EFrequency distribution tables5519
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9FFrequency histograms and frequenc
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9GMean, median, mode and range565fo
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9GMean, median, mode and range5677
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]]9HInterquartile range5699H Interq
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9HInterquartile range5715 Calculate
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9IStem-and-leaf plots5739I Stem-and
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9IStem-and-leaf plots575Exercise 9I
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9IStem-and-leaf plots57711 A group
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9JSurveying and sampling5799J Surve
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9JSurveying and sampling581Example
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9JSurveying and sampling58312 Whene
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Puzzles and challenges5851 Six numb
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Chapter review59110 120 people were
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Semester review 2 5932 Find the val
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Semester review 2 5952 a Complete t
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Semester review 2 5973 Triangle ABC
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Semester review 2 5997 A set of six
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60118 a Multiplication is commutati
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60315 a 1836 b 1836c i 154 ii 352 i
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6052 a xy − x2b 33 m 2 c 2x + 2y
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6075 a u = 6 b j = 3 c p = 6 d m =
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g609Exercise 2J1 a true b true c fa
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61112 a A = 4 triangle areasExercis
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613Exercise 3K1 a 9 b 25 c 144 d 2.
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6159 a 1 3e 1 45i310 a 1 4e 5 4b 1
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61712 A13 aFraction Decimal %142434
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61916Raw material $110 (includes th
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6219 a 2 : 5 b 14 : 1 c 3 : 25 d 1
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623Exercise 5H6 a segments B and D
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625Puzzles and challenges1 a 2 b 3
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6278 a 5.6 b 11.76 c 85.5 m d $1.98
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62911 a Isosceles, the two radii ar
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631Short-answer questions1 a 50 b 6
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633iiyey321−3 −2 −1O−11 2 3
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63510 a y = 2x + 3 b y = − 1 2 x
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6374 a x = 2 b x = 0.5 c x = 3d x =
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63910 a d = 15t b 3 hoursc 3 hours
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641b8642−3 −2 −1O−2−4−6
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643ef13 They are on the mirror line
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6454 a i E ii Hb i EHc i ∠Gii GHi
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64710 a ∠A = ∠D (corresponding
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6494 a discrete numericalb continuo
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651Exercise 9C1 a 3 kg b 4 kg c 5 k
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653Exercise 9E1 a true b false c tr
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65511 aSurvey locationHeightgraph (
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6574 a Yes, it is required informat
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659Linear relationships 1Multiple-c
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661acute angles 350, 365adding frac
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663surface area 150survey 579tally
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