BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FIT BEST?

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126 7 Annex Willow versus light oil / natural gas for district heat production – Germany Use of fossil fuels Greenhouse effect Acidification Eutrophication Summer smog Nitrous oxide** Human toxicity** * How to interpret the diagram Advantages for biofuel Advantages for fossil fuel Light oil Natural gas -800 -400 0 400 800 1200 German inhabitant equivalents* per 100 TJ The figure shows the results of comparisons between complete life cycles where light oil and natural gas respectively are substituted by willow for heat production. The unit refers to an amount of 100 TJ of heat. This is equivalent to the average heat requirement of about 25,000 inhabitants of Germany in one year or a willow production of about 900 ha/a. In this case for example the amount of fossil fuel saved if Miscanthus replaces either of the fossil fuels is equal to the amount which about 700 German citizens would on average consume in one year (this is what is meant by “German inhabitant equivalents”). Remarks and conclusions The results show that both willow as well as light oil and natural gas have certain ecological advantages and disadvantages. • Advantages of the biofuel: use of fossil fuels, greenhouse effect, summer smog • Advantages of the fossil fuel: acidification, eutrophication • Low or no significance: – The data for ozone depletion and human toxicity tend to have a high uncertainty. Therefore these categories should not be included in the final assessment. (**See Chapter 4.1.2 and for details on all impact categories 3.3 and 3.4.) A further assessment in favour of or against willow or light oil / natural gas cannot be carried out on a scientific basis, because for this purpose subjective value judgements regarding the individual environmental categories are required which differ from person to person.
7.1 Country specific life cycle comparisons 127 Miscanthus versus light oil / natural gas for district heat production – Germany Use of fossil fuels Greenhouse effect Acidification Eutrophication Summer smog Nitrous oxide** Human toxicity** * How to interpret the diagram Advantages for biofuel Advantages for fossil fuel Light oil Natural gas -1000 0 1000 2000 German inhabitant equivalents* per 100 TJ The figure shows the results of comparisons between complete life cycles where light oil and natural gas respectively are substituted by Miscanthus for heat production. The unit refers to an amount of 100 TJ of heat. This is equivalent to the average heat requirement of about 25,000 inhabitants of Germany in one year or a Miscanthus production of about 450 ha/a. In this case for example the amount of fossil fuel saved if light oil is substituted by Miscanthus is equal to the amount which nearly 700 German citizens would on average consume in one year (this is what is meant by “German inhabitant equivalents”). Remarks and conclusions The results show that both Miscanthus as well as light oil and natural gas have certain ecological advantages and disadvantages. • Advantages of the biofuel: use of fossil fuels, greenhouse effect, compared to natural gas also summer smog (small) • Advantages of the fossil fuel: acidification, eutrophication, compared to light oil also summer smog (small) • Low or no significance: – The data for ozone depletion and human toxicity tend to have a high uncertainty. Therefore these categories should not be included in the final assessment. (**See Chapter 4.1.2 and for details on all impact categories 3.3 and 3.4.) A further assessment in favour of or against Miscanthus or light oil / natural gas cannot be carried out on a scientific basis, because for this purpose subjective value judgements regarding the individual environmental categories are required which differ from person to person.
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BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FI
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Contents Executive summary.........
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Contents III 5.3.2 Variation in col
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2 Executive summary Table 1 Investi
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4 Executive summary Result of the c
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6 Executive summary Economic aspect
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1 Goals, target groups and general
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1 Goals, target groups and general
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14 2 Biofuels under study The resul
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16 2 Biofuels under study 2.3 Life
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18 2 Biofuels under study 2.3.3 Mis
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20 2 Biofuels under study 2.4.2 Sun
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22 2 Biofuels under study 2.5 Life
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24 2 Biofuels under study 2.5.3 Bio
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3 Life cycle assessment of biofuels
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3.2 Scope definition of the investi
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3.3 Inventory analysis 35 then. Eve
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3.3 Inventory analysis 37 using the
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3.4 Impact assessment 39 energy cro
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3.4 Impact assessment 41 The IPCC p
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3.5 Interpretation 43 of the indivi
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3.5 Interpretation 45 Fossil fuel p
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4 Environmental results: presentati
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4.1 Introduction 49 case excluding
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4.2 European results: biofuels comp
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4.3 European results: biofuels for
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4.4 Summary of country specific res
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7.6 Literature 177 Hauschild and We
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BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FIT BEST?

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