BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FIT BEST?

More documents

Recommendations

Info

138 7 Annex g NO 3 eq. / MJ useful energy 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Summer smog – Greece 7.37 are subtracted due to system expansion Processing & Utilisation Agriculture/forestry part Fossil fuel life cycle Agricultural reference system SME Diesel Biogas Natural gas Straw Light oil Natural gas Concerning summer smog creation all biofuels under study prove to be advantageous compared to their fossil counterparts with the exception of straw versus light oil. Savings in the related emissions are 0.2 g Ethen eq./MJ useful energy in the case of biogas versus natural gas and 0.01 g Ethen eq./MJ useful energy in the case of SME versus diesel oil. Straw when it replaces natural gas results in savings of 0.006 g Ethen eq./MJ useful energy, while compared to light oil it emits 0.006 g Ethen eq./MJ useful energy more. Biogas proves to be the most favourable biofuel in this impact category. g Ethen eq. / MJ useful energy 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 Processing & Utilisation Agriculture/forestry part Fossil fuel life cycle Agricultural reference system SME Diesel Biogas Natural gas Straw Light oil Natural gas
7.1 Country specific life cycle comparisons 139 Nitrous oxide – Greece All biofuels under study appear disadvantageous compared to their fossil counterparts concerning N2O emissions. The most disadvantageous one is SME, emitting 0.3 g N2O eq./MJ useful energy more than diesel oil mainly due N2O emissions from the application of nitrogen fertilisers and SME combustion. Straw results in increased emissions of 0.009 g N2O/MJ useful energy compared to both light oil and natural gas due to increased emissions during combustion. The least disadvantageous biofuel in this impact category is biogas, emitting 0.004 g N2O/MJ useful energy more than natural gas. The data for ozone depletion tend to have a high uncertainty (see chapter 4.1.2) and there fore these impact categories should not be included in the final assessment. g N 2O eq. / MJ useful energy 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 0.3 Human toxicity – Greece m 3 eq. / MJ useful energy 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Processing & Utilisation Agriculture/forestry part Fossil fuel life cycle Agricultural reference system SME Diesel Biogas Natural gas Straw Light oil Natural gas Processing & Utilisation Agriculture/forestry part Fossil fuel life cycle Agricultural reference system SME Diesel Biogas Natural gas Straw Light oil Natural gas
Page 1 and 2:
BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FI
Page 3 and 4:
Contents Executive summary.........
Page 5:
Contents III 5.3.2 Variation in col
Page 8 and 9:
2 Executive summary Table 1 Investi
Page 10 and 11:
4 Executive summary Result of the c
Page 12 and 13:
6 Executive summary Economic aspect
Page 15 and 16:
1 Goals, target groups and general
Page 17:
1 Goals, target groups and general
Page 20 and 21:
14 2 Biofuels under study The resul
Page 22 and 23:
16 2 Biofuels under study 2.3 Life
Page 24 and 25:
18 2 Biofuels under study 2.3.3 Mis
Page 26 and 27:
20 2 Biofuels under study 2.4.2 Sun
Page 28 and 29:
22 2 Biofuels under study 2.5 Life
Page 30 and 31:
24 2 Biofuels under study 2.5.3 Bio
Page 33 and 34:
3 Life cycle assessment of biofuels
Page 35 and 36:
3.2 Scope definition of the investi
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
3.3 Inventory analysis 35 then. Eve
Page 43 and 44:
3.3 Inventory analysis 37 using the
Page 45 and 46:
3.4 Impact assessment 39 energy cro
Page 47 and 48:
3.4 Impact assessment 41 The IPCC p
Page 49 and 50:
3.5 Interpretation 43 of the indivi
Page 51 and 52:
3.5 Interpretation 45 Fossil fuel p
Page 53 and 54:
4 Environmental results: presentati
Page 55 and 56:
4.1 Introduction 49 case excluding
Page 57 and 58:
4.2 European results: biofuels comp
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
4.3 European results: biofuels for
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
4.4 Summary of country specific res
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83:
4.5 Summary of comparisons between
Page 86 and 87:
80 5 Socio-economic and political a
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95: 88 5 Socio-economic and political a
Page 96 and 97: 90 6 Conclusions and recommendation
Page 103 and 104: 7 Annex 7.1 Country specific life c
Page 105 and 106: 7.1 Country specific life cycle com
Page 143: 7.1 Country specific life cycle com
Page 165 and 166: 7.2 Comparisons between the countri
Page 175 and 176: 7.4 List of authors and addresses 1
Page 181 and 182: 7.5 Data availability 175 7.5 Data
Page 183 and 184: 7.6 Literature 177 Hauschild and We
show all

BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FIT BEST?

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?