BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FIT BEST?

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176 7 Annex 7.6 Literature Audsley et al. (1997) / Audsley, E., Alber, S., Clift, R., Cowell, S., Crettaz, P., Gaillard, G., Hausheer, J., Jolliet, O., Kleijn, R., Mortensen, B., Pearce, D., Roger, E., Teulon, H., Weidema, B., van Zeijts, H.: Harmonisation of Environmental Life Cycle Assessment for Agriculture. Community Research and Technological Development Programme. Report of concerted action AIR 3- CT94-2028 Biewinga and van der Bijl 1996 / Biewinga, E. E., van der Bijl, G.: Sustainability of Energy Crops in Europe – A Methodology Developed and Applied. Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CLM), Utrecht, Netherlands 1996 BMLF 1998 / Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft [Austrian Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry]: 40. Grüner Bericht; Bericht über die Lage der Österreichischen Landwirtschaft 1998 [Report on the state of Austrian agriculture 1998]. Wien, Austria 1999 BMWi 1999 / Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie [German Ministry for Economics and Technology]: Energiedaten 1999 – Nationale und internationale Entwicklung [Energy data 1999 – national and international developments]. Bonn, Germany 1999 Borken et al. 1999 / Borken, J., Patyk, A., Reinhardt, G. A.: Basisdaten für ökologische Bilanzierungen [Fundamental data for ecological assessments]. Verlag Vieweg. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, Germany 1999 Cowell 1998 / Cowell, S. J.: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Agricultural Systems: Integration into Decision-Making. Ph. D. thesis. University of Surrey – Centre for Environmental Strategy (CES). Guildford, United Kingdom 1998 Ecoinvent 1996 / Baumann, T., Frischknecht, R., Gränicher, H.-P., Hofstetter, P., Knoepfel, I., Menard, M., Sprecher, F.: Ecoinvent – Ökoinventare für Energiesysteme: Grundlagen für den ökologischen Vergleich von Energiesystemen und den Einbezug von Energiesystemen in Ökobilanzen für die Schweiz. [Ecological inventories for energy systems: foundations for the ecological comparison of energy systems and the consideration of energy systems in ecological assessments for Switzerland] Supported by the Bundesamtes für Energiewirtschaft (Ministry of energy trade) and the Nationaler Energie-Forschungs-Fonds (national energy research fund), 3. edition. Bern, Switzerland 1996 European Commission 1997 / European Commission: Communication from the Commission. Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy. White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan. COM (97)599 final (26/11/1997) Gaillard 1996 / Gaillard, G.: The Application of Complementary Processes in LCAs for Agricultural Renewable raw Materials. Published in: International Conference on Application of Life Cycle Assessment in Agriculture, Food and Non-Food Agro-Industry and Forestry: Achievements and Prospects, 4-5 April 1996, page 29-45 VITO Mol, Belgium 1996 Gaillard et al. 1997 / Gaillard, G., Crettaz, P., Hausheer, J.: Umweltinventar der landwirtschaftlichen Inputs [Environmental inventory of agricultural inputs]. FAT-Schriftenreihe Nr. 46, Tänikon, Switzerland 1997 Gosse and Mauguin 1997 / Gosse, G., Mauguin, P.: Perspective of Biomass for Energy in EU- Land Availability, Land Use and Agricultural Development. Published in: Environmental Impact of Biomass for Energy. Conference of the Centre for Agriculture and Environment in Noordwijkerhout/Netherlands 4-5 November 1996. CLM no. 313. Utrecht, Netherlands 1997 Greenpeace 1997 / Rujigrok, E., Oosterhuis, F.: Energy Subsidies in Western Europe. Greenpeace. Amsterdam, Netherlands 1997 Ground for Choices 1992 / Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR): Grond voor Keuzen – Vier perspectieven voor de landelijke gebieden in de Europese Gemeenschap [Four Perspectives for Rural Areas in the European Union]. The Hague, Netherlands 1992
7.6 Literature 177 Hauschild and Wenzel 1998 / Hauschild, M., Wenzel, H.: Environmental Assessment of Products. Volume 2: Scientific Background. Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom 1998 Heijungs et al. 1992 / Heijungs, R., Guinee, J. B., Huppes, G., Lankreijer, R. M.., Udo de Haes, H. A., Wegener Sleswijk, A., Ansems, A. M. M., Eggels, P. G., van Duin, R., de Goede, H. P.: Milieugerichte levenscyclusanalyse van produkten – Handleiding [Environmental Life Cycle Analyses of Products – Guide]. Center for Environmental Science (CML), Leiden, Netherlands 1992 Hjorth - Gregersen 1998 / Hjorth - Gregersen, K.: Biogasfaellesanlaeg. Okonomiske resultater og analyser. Statusrapport 1998 [Biogas plant. Economic results and analysis. Status report 1998]. Udfort under Opfolgningsprogrammet pa biogasomradet 1995-98 Houghton et al. 1995 / Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G., Callander, B. A., Harris, H., Kattenberg, A., Maskell, K.: Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom 1995 ISO 14040 / CEN (European Committee for Standardisation): Environmental Management -Life Cycle Assessment- Principles and Framework. International Standard EN ISO 14040. Brussels, Belgium 1997 ISO 14041 / CEN (European Committee for Standardisation): Environmental Management -Life Cycle Assessment- Goal and Scope Definition and Life Cycle Inventory Analysis. International Standard EN ISO 14041. Brussels, Belgium 1998 ISO 14042 / CEN (European Committee for Standardisation): Environmental Management -Life Cycle Assessment- Life Cycle Impact Assessment. International Standard ISO-FDIS 14042. Brussels, Belgium 2000 ISO 14043 / CEN (European Committee for Standardisation): Environmental Management -Life Cycle Assessment- Life Cycle Interpretation. International Standard ISO-FDIS 14043. Brussels, Belgium 2000 Jungk and Reinhardt 2000 / Jungk, N. C., Reinhardt, G. A.: Landwirtschaftliche Referenzsysteme in ökologischen Bilanzierungen: Eine Basisanalyse [Agricultural reference systems in LCAs], final report of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research Heidelberg, supported by the Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Ernährung und Forsten, Heidelberg 2000 Lindeijer et al. 1998 / Lindeijer, E., van Kampen, M., Fraanje, P., van Dobben, H., Nabuurs, G. J., Schouwenberg, E., Prins, D., Dankers, N., Leopold, M.: Biodiversity and Life Support Indicators for Land Use Impacts in LCA. IVAM Environmental Research Amsterdam and Institute for Forestry and Nature Research (IBN-DLO) Wageningen/ Texel, Netherlands 1998 MWV 2000 / MWV (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband e. V. Hamburg): Mineralöl-Zahlen 1999 [Mineral oil data 1999]. Hamburg, Germany 2000 NOVEM 1999 / Netherlands Agengy for Energy and Environment (NOVEM): Energiegewassen in Nederland – Scenariostudie met het oog op een duurzame energievoorziening [Energy crops in The Netherlands – case study considering sustainable energy supply]. Utrecht, Netherlands 1999 Patyk and Reinhardt 1997 / Patyk, A., Reinhardt, G. A.: Düngemittel – Energie- und Stoffstrombilanzen [Fertiliser – energy and material flow analyses]. Verlag Vieweg. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, Germany 1997 Rathbauer et al. 1996: AFB-nett Phase 1, National Report of Austria, Wieselburg, Austria 1996 Reinhardt and Zemanek 2000 / Reinhardt, G. A., Zemanek, G.: Ökobilanz Bioenergieträger: Basisdaten, Ergebnisse, Bewertungen [LCA of bioenergy carriers: data, results, assessments]. Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, Germany 2000 Reinhardt et al. 1999 / Reinhardt, G. A., Borken, J., Patyk, A., Vogt, R., Zemanek, G.: Ressourcen- und Emissionsbilanzen: Rapsöl und RME im Vergleich zu Dieselkraftstoff [Balance of Resources and Emissions: Rape Seed Oil and RME Compared to Diesel Fuel]. Published in: Umwelt-
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BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FI
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Contents Executive summary.........
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Contents III 5.3.2 Variation in col
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2 Executive summary Table 1 Investi
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4 Executive summary Result of the c
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6 Executive summary Economic aspect
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1 Goals, target groups and general
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1 Goals, target groups and general
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14 2 Biofuels under study The resul
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16 2 Biofuels under study 2.3 Life
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18 2 Biofuels under study 2.3.3 Mis
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20 2 Biofuels under study 2.4.2 Sun
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22 2 Biofuels under study 2.5 Life
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24 2 Biofuels under study 2.5.3 Bio
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3 Life cycle assessment of biofuels
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3.2 Scope definition of the investi
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3.3 Inventory analysis 35 then. Eve
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3.3 Inventory analysis 37 using the
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3.4 Impact assessment 39 energy cro
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3.4 Impact assessment 41 The IPCC p
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3.5 Interpretation 43 of the indivi
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3.5 Interpretation 45 Fossil fuel p
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4 Environmental results: presentati
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4.1 Introduction 49 case excluding
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4.2 European results: biofuels comp
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4.3 European results: biofuels for
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4.4 Summary of country specific res
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4.5 Summary of comparisons between
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80 5 Socio-economic and political a
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90 6 Conclusions and recommendation
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7 Annex 7.1 Country specific life c
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7.1 Country specific life cycle com
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Page 131 and 132: 7.1 Country specific life cycle com
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BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FIT BEST?

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