BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FIT BEST?

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166 7 Annex 7.2.9 Wheat straw versus light oil for district heat production: relative impact differences between biofuels and fossil fuels 1600% 1400% 1200% 1000% 800% 600% 400% 200% 0% -200% Use of fossil fuels Greenhouse effect How to interpret the diagram Ozone Depletion by N2O Acidification Eutrophication Summer smog Human toxicity Austria Denmark France Germany Greece Europe Environmental advantages and disadvantages of wheat straw compared to light oil for each country involved as well as for Europe are shown by relative differences between the biofuels and the fossil fuel: (biofuel – fossil fuel) / fossil fuel. The zero line indicates the level for fossil fuels. Therefore negative values indicate advantages for wheat straw and positive ones represent advantages for light oil. For example, assuming the production and combustion of fossil fuel causes an emission of 1 kg of N2O (Ozone depletion), then a value of -100 % means no net N2O emissions in the case of the biofuel, 0 % means 1 kg N2O (i.e. the same as the fossil fuel), 100 % means 2 kg N2O and so on. Remarks and conclusions Regarding the parameters use of fossil fuels, greenhouse effect, and ozone depletion the results are very uniform between all countries. Regarding acidification and eutrophication Austria and Denmark show very low results caused by very low NOX emissions from combustion. Regarding summer smog Denmark stands out with a high value due to very high methane and NMHC emissions from combustion. Most of the other differences are rather small and to be regarded as less significant.
7.2 Comparisons between the countries for each biofuel 167 7.2.10 Biogas from swine excrements versus natural gas for combined heat and power production: relative impact differences between biofuels and fossil fuels 4000% 3000% 2000% 1000% 0% -1000% -2000% -3000% Use of fossil fuels Greenhouse effect How to interpret the diagram Ozone Depletion by N2O Acidification Eutrophication Summer smog Human toxicity Austria Denmark Greece Italy Netherlands Switzerland Europe Environmental advantages and disadvantages of biogas compared to natural gas for each country involved as well as for Europe are shown by relative differences between the biofuels and the fossil fuel: (biofuel – fossil fuel) / fossil fuel. The zero line indicates the level for fossil fuel. Therefore negative values indicate advantages for biogas and positive ones represent advantages for natural gas. For example, assuming the production and combustion of fossil fuel causes an emission of 1 kg of N2O (Ozone depletion), then a value of -100 % means no net N2O emissions in the case of the biofuel, 0 % means 1 kg N2O (i.e. the same as the fossil fuel), 100 % means 2 kg N2O and so on. Remarks and conclusions Regarding the parameter use of fossil fuels the results are very uniform for all countries, whereas the values for the other impacts are extremely different. Regarding greenhouse effect and summer smog Italy shows the greatest benefits, but it also has the highest impacts regarding acidification and eutrophication.
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BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FI
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Contents Executive summary.........
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Contents III 5.3.2 Variation in col
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2 Executive summary Table 1 Investi
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4 Executive summary Result of the c
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6 Executive summary Economic aspect
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1 Goals, target groups and general
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1 Goals, target groups and general
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14 2 Biofuels under study The resul
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16 2 Biofuels under study 2.3 Life
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18 2 Biofuels under study 2.3.3 Mis
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20 2 Biofuels under study 2.4.2 Sun
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22 2 Biofuels under study 2.5 Life
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24 2 Biofuels under study 2.5.3 Bio
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3 Life cycle assessment of biofuels
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3.2 Scope definition of the investi
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3.3 Inventory analysis 35 then. Eve
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3.3 Inventory analysis 37 using the
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3.4 Impact assessment 39 energy cro
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3.4 Impact assessment 41 The IPCC p
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3.5 Interpretation 43 of the indivi
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3.5 Interpretation 45 Fossil fuel p
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4 Environmental results: presentati
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4.1 Introduction 49 case excluding
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4.2 European results: biofuels comp
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4.3 European results: biofuels for
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4.4 Summary of country specific res
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4.5 Summary of comparisons between
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80 5 Socio-economic and political a
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90 6 Conclusions and recommendation
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7 Annex 7.1 Country specific life c
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7.1 Country specific life cycle com
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Page 181 and 182: 7.5 Data availability 175 7.5 Data
Page 183 and 184: 7.6 Literature 177 Hauschild and We
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BIOENERGY FOR EUROPE: WHICH ONES FIT BEST?

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