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299 Greene, Jack. “Landon Carter and the Pistole Fee Dispute,” The William and Mary Quarterly, 3 rd ser., vol. 14, no. 1 (Jan. 1957): 66-69. Goodwin, Mary. “The Coffee-House of the 17 th and 18 th Centuries.” Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library, Research Report, 1956. Hemphill, C. Dallett. “Manners and Class in the Revolutionary Era: A Transatlantic Comparison.” The William and Mary Quarterly, 3 rd series, vol. 63, no. 2 (April 2006): 345-372. Lemay, J. A. Leo. “Robert Bolling and the Bailment of Colonel Chiswell.” Early American Literature 6 (1971): 99-142. Maier, Pauline. “John Wilkes and American Disillusionment with Britain.” The William and Mary Quarterly, 3 rd ser., vol. 20, no. 3. (July 1963): 373-395. Middleton, Arthur Pierce. “The Colonial Virginia Parson,” The William and Mary Quarterly, 3 rd ser., vol. 26, no. 3 (July 1969): 425-440. Middleton, Simon and Billy G. Smith. “Class and Early America: An Introduction.” The William and Mary Quarterly, 3 rd ser., vol. 63, no. 2 (April 2006): 211-220. Nash, Gary B. “The Transformation of Urban Politics.” Journal of American History 60, no. 3 (Dec. 1973): 605-632. Pocock, J. G. A. “The Classical Theory of Deference.” The American Historical Review. Vol. 81, no. 3. (June 1976): 516-523. Schlesinger, M. Arthur. “The Colonial Newspapers and the Stamp Act.” The New England Quarterly. Vol. 8, no. 1. (March 1935): 63-83. “Some Virginia Law Books in a Virginia Law Office.” The Virginia Law Register. New Series, vol. 12, no. 2. (June 1926): 74-84. "Trivia." The William and Mary Quarterly, 3 rd ser., vol. 33, no. 2. (April 1976): 331. Walton, Gary M. “Sources of Productivity Change in American Colonial Shipping, 1675-1775.” The Economic History Review, New Series, vol. 20, no. 1. (April 1967): 67-78. Press Theory, Law, and History Books: Amory, Hugh, and David Hall, ed. The Colonial Book in the Atlantic World. Vol. 1 of A History of the Book in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso 1983, revised edition, 1991. Bagdikian, Ben. H. The Media Monopoly. Boston: Beacon Press, 1983. Bailyn, Bernard and John B. Hench, eds. The Press and the American Revolution. Worcester: American Antiquarian Society, 1980. Barker, Hannah. Newspapers, Politics and English Society, 1695-1855. Harlow, UK: Longman, 2000.
300 Barker, Hannah and Simon Burrows, eds. Press, Politics and the Public Sphere in Europe and North America, 1760-1820. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Black, Jeremy. The English Press in the Eighteenth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. Bond, Donovan H. and W. Reynolds McLeod, eds. Newsletters to Newspapers: Eighteenth-Century Journalism, Papers Presented at a Bicentennial Symposium at West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia March 31-April 2, 1976. Morgantown, WV: School of Journalism, 1977. Brown, Richard. Knowledge is Power: The Diffusion of Information in Early America, 1700–1865. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Calhoun, Craig, ed. Habermas and the Public Sphere. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992. Carter, Barton T., Marc A. Franklin, and Jay B. Wright. The First Amendment and the Fourth Estate: The Law of Mass Media. 8 th ed. New York: Foundation Press, 2001. Censer, Jack. The French Press in the Age of Enlightenment. London: Routledge, 1994. Chafee, Zachariah, Jr. Freedom of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920. ----. Free Speech in the United States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1941. Chartier, Roger. The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution. Trans Lydia Cochrane. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991. ---. The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France,. Trans Lydia Cochrane. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987. Clark, Charles E. The Public Prints: The Newspaper in Anglo-American Culture, 1665-1740. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Cook, Elizabeth Christine. Literary Influences in Colonial Newspapers, 1704-1750. New York: Columbia University Press, 1912. Reprint, Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1966. Copeland, David A. Colonial American Newspapers: Character and Content. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 1997. Crowley, David and Paul Heyer, eds. Communication in History: Technology, Culture, Society. New York: Longman, 1991. Darnton, Robert. The Literary Underground of the Old Regime. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982. Davidson, Cathy. Revolution and the Word: The Rise of the Novel in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Davidson, Philip. Propaganda and the American Revolution: 1763-1783. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1941. Davis, Richard Beal. A Colonial Southern Bookshelf: Reading in the Eighteenth Century. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979. Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early-Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979. One volume reprint, 1980.
Page 4:
Dedication To my late father, Curti
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Chapter 7 Reactions in the Chesapea
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Foreword by David Waldstreicher Rog
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Acknowledgements This work could no
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2 typical of Colonial Virginians of
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4 political leaders, even the King,
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6 related, the relationship of prin
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8 the press, a declared freedom tha
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10 colony, and demonstrates how pri
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12 print and popular use of the pri
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14 expand, grow in importance, and
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16 in overcrowded conditions. Once
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18 in England that the colony had a
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20 sheets of those printed laws, Go
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22 to control dissent by the opposi
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24 was about 144,000 people, with a
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26 of the “simple folk.” 37 Thi
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28 and aristocracy, as they came mo
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30 journals made public. This appea
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32 A printing house was a major inv
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34 after the mid-eighteenth century
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36 percent and women’s about 30 p
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38 Whatever the original intent, pr
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40 Printing the laws, Eisenstein su
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42 Governor William Gooch was the a
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44 monopoly of power. 91 An increas
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46 Resolved, That it is the undoubt
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48 alienating anyone in power. 103
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50 approved by the Governor’s Cou
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52 that of a press that should cont
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54 ideas about the role of print wi
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56 and popular prints, more driven
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58 tells much about both the way th
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60 The earliest Chesapeake printers
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62 Printer William Parks noted that
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64 to found The Spectator with Jose
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66 public discourse. This appears t
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68 arrived in the Chesapeake via Lo
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70 Postal service was an extremely
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72 “Enter’d in the Upper Distri
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74 using an additional six pages of
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76 and relatives) made up the major
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78 more than two full pages of adve
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80 eventually gained in power, and
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82 issues. 63 The institution of th
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84 Hunter “be the Moderator of ou
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86 allow for a free exchange of a s
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88 improved communication, but news
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90 The limits of public debate in V
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92 criticism of the British governm
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94 Gentlemen. It was my unhappiness
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96 the power structure. From a pres
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98 from the multidisciplinary field
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100 Indian medicine. By the mid-eig
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102 probably because they were used
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104 While designed to be useful and
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106 One Maryland almanac had advice
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108 about political pamphlets and n
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110 the United States, but did not
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112 crisis, just as the tax on pape
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114 small amounts in the Virginia a
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116 opinion leaders. Such influenti
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118 permits separation of verbal th
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120 and alienation, it can also int
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122 dependent on the very culture i
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124 the knowledge they incorporated
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126 When printed material became a
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128 with interleaved pages. He reco
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130 This section included entertain
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132 it had real economic and social
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134 discourse, and even the public
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136 print remain under-explored. 9
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138 A fairly large number of Virgin
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140 as enabling discourse by non-el
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142 sold in Williamsburg in 1756. 2
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144 Complaint” begins by pointing
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146 a woman requesting a response f
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148 Pen.)” 49 This writer may hav
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150 Women’s involvement with prin
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152 mass media available. Communica
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154 equality, “One Sex was not de
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156 women’s involvement in the ph
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158 to the 1730s, to the very origi
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160
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162 ensued. In the summer of 1764,
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164 among the printers and between
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166 than two shillings. The tax on
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168 which openly invaded the first
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170 Extracts of Letters, &c. respec
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172 assembly what action he should
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174 Williamsburg paper did not ment
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176 successors to print laws and th
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178 While Royle did still receive
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180 Sentiments of their own Rights
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182 estimates that by this period,
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184 in Charles-Town, South Carolina
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186 in the colonies has been theori
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188 many as four or five coffeehous
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190 Jürgen Habermas viewed such ci
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192 with the religious Great Awaken
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194
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196 specifically from the former pr
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198 and Richard D. Brown noted, kno
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200 little afford to offend powerfu
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202 period and was more boring afte
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204 This author claimed that Royle
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206 Historians have generally agree
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208 1935 article, where he wrote,
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210 Rind, with only minor discrepan
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212 Street that belonged to Philip
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214 has ever been Established in th
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216 authority. 54 The newspaper in
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218 Judges of the General Court, ou
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220 was now political material with
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222 Going beyond questions of memor
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224 of deference was giving way to
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226 the United States’ Bill of Ri
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228 intended to “wipe out the com
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230 interpretation as being too nar
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232 business advantages that the fr
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234 the Virginia House of Burgesses
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236 “great bulwark of our Constit
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238 cultural customs and behavior.
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240 contending writers that pay the
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242 new burgess was not mentioned,
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244 that seditious libel was becomi
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246 restricting freedom of the pres
Page 261 and 262: 248 attacks on Wilkes’ newspaper.
Page 263 and 264: 250 colonial legislature in 1770, h
Page 265 and 266: 252 part of our government can main
Page 267 and 268: 254 George Mason and Rights Declare
Page 269 and 270: 256 both Richard Henry Lee’s and
Page 271 and 272: 258 paragraphs of Mason’s Declara
Page 273 and 274: 260 There is no conclusive document
Page 275 and 276: 262 Henry had arranged with printer
Page 277 and 278: 264 ministry. 112 “A free press w
Page 279 and 280: 266 Connecticut replied, “It is u
Page 281 and 282: 268 heavy duties on the printing of
Page 283 and 284: 270 means merely the absence of pri
Page 285 and 286: 272 people peaceably to assemble an
Page 287 and 288: 274 amendments, he informed the gov
Page 289 and 290: 276 Despite the evidence underminin
Page 291 and 292: 278 simply being a restriction on p
Page 293 and 294: 280 himself—through the aid of pr
Page 295 and 296: 282 While Habermas theorized about
Page 297 and 298: 284 new contextualizing of the orig
Page 299 and 300: 286 Americans instead of British. 1
Page 301 and 302: 288
Page 303 and 304: 290
Page 305 and 306: 292 Congress, Great Britain PRO CO
Page 307 and 308: 294 Charlottesville: published for
Page 309 and 310: 296 Hoffman, Paul P., ed. Guide to
Page 311: 298 Morton, Richard L. Colonial Vir
Page 315 and 316: 302 Kraus, Sidney and Dennis Davis.
Page 317 and 318: 304 Articles: Anderson, David. “T
Page 319 and 320: 306 Smith, Stephen A. “The Origin
Page 321 and 322: 308
Page 323 and 324: 310 Bill of Rights, 4, 7, 11, 226,
Page 325 and 326: 312 Dulany, Daniel, 180 Dunmore, Go
Page 327 and 328: 314 King Charles, 21 King George I,
Page 329 and 330: 316 North Briton, The, 223, 247, 24
Page 331 and 332: 318 Rawson, David, 23, 36, 125, 155
Page 333: 320 Virginia Resolves, 169 Virginia
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