The Origins of a Free Press in Prerevolutionary ... - Web Publishing

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239, 242, 244, 246-252, 258-262, 267, 273, 276, 278, 282-284, see also freedom of the press, free press, and liberty of the press press liberty, 96, 114, 150, 191, 226, 230, 234, 236, 245, 250, 251, 263, 264, 268, 284 press licensing, 231, 233, 234 principle of negativity, 67, 94, 146 print as a commodity, 33, 77, 78, 86, 184, 186, 192 print capitalism, 99, 159 print competition, see printing competition print culture, 4, 7, 13, 14, 18, 23, 28, 36, 45, 55, 58, 97, 98, 101, 105, 113, 117, 118, 125, 152, 154, 155, 159, 180, 186, 190, 192, 279, 280, 285, 286 print shop, 32, 80, 85, 149, 175, 212 printed laws, 20, 40, 43 Printer’s Introduction, 61, 198, 234 printer’s salary, 31, 42, 46, 49, 50, 74, 176, 197, 198, 201 printers' daybooks, see printing office journals printing, 5, 6, 7, 9, 79 printing as business, 33, 34 printing as mass production, 33, 79, 186 printing competition, 5, 10, 26, 33, 49, 79, 85, 129, 152, 186, 195, 196, 198, 205, 208, 209, 213-218, 222, 223 printing license, 15, 20, 21 printing office, 46, 81, 175, 192, 197, 202 printing office journals, 48, 80, 175, 177, 179 printing press, 5, 9, 14, 17-21, 28, 32-34, 80, 149 printing press, invention of, 18 printing process, 32 printing revolution, 36 317 prior restraint, 8, 9, 21, 227-229, 231, 251, 260, 269, 278, 282, 284 propaganda, 13, 58, 106-108, 112- 115, 130, 131, 163, 200 Protestantd, 14, 22, 28, 29 pseudonyms, 60, 67, 94, 146, 147, 151, 202, 218, 219, 237 public debate, see civic debate public discourse, 44, 52-54, 64, 66, 67, 81, 83, 90, 152, 154, 155, 190, 191, 244, 285, see also discourse, and civic discourse public opinion, 47, 50, 55, 89, 90, 94, 125, 139, 216, 236, 241, 250, 281 public prints, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 47, 53, 54, 57, 58, 61, 64, 70, 74, 76, 79, 81, 82, 90, 94, 95, 101, 110, 133, 136, 139, 148, 152, 156-158, 181, 186, 189, 190, 196, 217, 225, 226, 230, 237, 240, 243, 246, 275, 282- 284 public sphere, 52, 53, 55, 67, 82, 125, 139, 155, 192, see also civic public Publick Occurences, 15 publick prints, 6, see also public prints Purdie, Alexander, 49, 59, 67, 83, 90, 103-107, 127, 148, 151, 153, 154, 175-180, 184, 185, 187, 189, 203, 205, 207, 211-223, 237-246, 248, 251, 256, 275 Puritans, 14, 15, 180, 197, 236 Purvis, Captain John, 39 radical whigs, 9, 97, 109, 112, 131, 235, 236, 238, 260, 277, 284 rags, 34 Ramsay, David, 167 Randolph, Edmund, 254, 263, 265, 268 Randolph, John, 73, 74, 198 Rathell, Catherine, 148 R
318 Rawson, David, 23, 36, 125, 155, 177, 181, 182, 202 readers, 15, 61, 71, 101, 120, 125 reading, 4, 7, 9, 14, 15, 18, 21, 23, 27, 31, 34-38, 41, 52, 53, 55, 57- 59, 62, 71, 75, 80-82, 91, 93, 94, 97, 99, 100, 103, 108, 109, 111, 114, 116, 120, 124-128, 130, 137- 139, 141, 143, 149, 152, 153, 157, 180, 181, 187, 188, 190, 202, 203, 237, 245, 255, 257, 260, 261, 269, 279, 280, 285 reading revolution, 116 Rector Detected (Pamphlet), 50 religion, 7, 9, 14-21, 25, 28, 37, 38, 44, 48, 49, 52, 58, 95, 106, 119, 123, 192, 226, 231, 234, 238, 258, 268, 269, 273, 278, 281 religious discourse, 66, 83, 85, 278 religious dissent, 189 republic of letters, 52, 55, 125, 139 revolution, ii, 4, 15, 18, 22, 26, 33, 36, 37, 40-43, 49, 51, 54, 58, 78, 79, 82, 85, 97-99, 107-109, 112, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122-126, 129, 132, 134, 136, 143, 153, 159, 167- 169, 182, 186, 187, 191, 197, 208, 218, 220, 221, 223, 239, 245, 248, 255-258, 262-264, see also American Revolution Rind, Clementina, 150, 151, 157 Rind, William, 5, 77, 92, 111, 112, 128-131, 150-154, 164, 165, 170- 172, 180, 184, 195, 203-221, 223, 237, 239, 242-244, 246, 248, 251- 253, 261, 262, 274, 275 Robinson, John, 204, 217 Roman Catholic, see Catholicism Routlidge, Robert, 217, 222 royal proclamations, 37 Royle, Joseph, 48-51, 77, 78, 80, 91, 92, 104, 110, 164-179, 183, 187, 193, 199-205, 212, 216, 220, 222, 223, 240, 246, 248 Rutland, Robert, 257 Rutman, Darrett and Anita, 24, 27, 36 S Scandalum Magnatum, 21 Schlesinger, Arthur (the elder), 58, 104, 108, 115, 129, 162-169, 176, 182, 207, 208, 216, 248, 249 schools, 36 Schudson, Michael, 2, 24, 115, 132 science, 19 Scotland, 68 Scottish merchants, 23 sedition, 8, 21, 27, 97, 130, 227, 228 seditious libel, 4, 8, 9, 11, 21, 25, 38, 225, 227-229, 231, 234, 240-243, 247, 248, 250, 252, 253, 261, 276, 278, 282-284 sensational news, 62 Seven Years War, 87, 89, 162, 284 Sharpe, Governor Horatio, 171 Sherman, Roger, 265 shipping, 6, 34, 62, 67-72, 86, 113, 183, 299 ships, 17, 23 Silence Dogood, 67, 146, 151, 236, 238 slander, 38 slavery, ii, 92, 111 slaves, 7, 23, 24, 32, 67, 72, 73, 84, 93, 104, 105, 109, 111, 112, 157, 178, 185, 266, 279 Smith, Jeffery, 114 social hierarchy, 37, 111 social order, 110, 125 South Carolina, 68, 73, 86, 87, 105, 145, 150, 154, 182, 184, 200, 241, 249, 265 Spectator, The, 64, 95, 145, 237 speech, 14, 54, 68, 69, 81, 120, 173, 227, 228, 231, 232, 236, 238, 247, 253, 260, 265, 268-274, 278, 285
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Dedication To my late father, Curti
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Chapter 7 Reactions in the Chesapea
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Foreword by David Waldstreicher Rog
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Acknowledgements This work could no
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2 typical of Colonial Virginians of
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4 political leaders, even the King,
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6 related, the relationship of prin
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8 the press, a declared freedom tha
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10 colony, and demonstrates how pri
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12 print and popular use of the pri
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14 expand, grow in importance, and
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16 in overcrowded conditions. Once
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18 in England that the colony had a
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20 sheets of those printed laws, Go
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22 to control dissent by the opposi
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24 was about 144,000 people, with a
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26 of the “simple folk.” 37 Thi
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28 and aristocracy, as they came mo
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30 journals made public. This appea
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32 A printing house was a major inv
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34 after the mid-eighteenth century
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36 percent and women’s about 30 p
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38 Whatever the original intent, pr
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40 Printing the laws, Eisenstein su
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42 Governor William Gooch was the a
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44 monopoly of power. 91 An increas
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46 Resolved, That it is the undoubt
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48 alienating anyone in power. 103
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50 approved by the Governor’s Cou
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52 that of a press that should cont
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54 ideas about the role of print wi
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56 and popular prints, more driven
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58 tells much about both the way th
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60 The earliest Chesapeake printers
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62 Printer William Parks noted that
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64 to found The Spectator with Jose
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66 public discourse. This appears t
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68 arrived in the Chesapeake via Lo
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70 Postal service was an extremely
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72 “Enter’d in the Upper Distri
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74 using an additional six pages of
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76 and relatives) made up the major
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78 more than two full pages of adve
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80 eventually gained in power, and
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82 issues. 63 The institution of th
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84 Hunter “be the Moderator of ou
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86 allow for a free exchange of a s
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88 improved communication, but news
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90 The limits of public debate in V
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92 criticism of the British governm
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94 Gentlemen. It was my unhappiness
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96 the power structure. From a pres
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98 from the multidisciplinary field
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100 Indian medicine. By the mid-eig
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102 probably because they were used
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104 While designed to be useful and
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106 One Maryland almanac had advice
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108 about political pamphlets and n
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110 the United States, but did not
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112 crisis, just as the tax on pape
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114 small amounts in the Virginia a
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116 opinion leaders. Such influenti
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118 permits separation of verbal th
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120 and alienation, it can also int
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122 dependent on the very culture i
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124 the knowledge they incorporated
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126 When printed material became a
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128 with interleaved pages. He reco
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130 This section included entertain
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132 it had real economic and social
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134 discourse, and even the public
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136 print remain under-explored. 9
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138 A fairly large number of Virgin
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140 as enabling discourse by non-el
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142 sold in Williamsburg in 1756. 2
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144 Complaint” begins by pointing
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146 a woman requesting a response f
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148 Pen.)” 49 This writer may hav
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150 Women’s involvement with prin
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152 mass media available. Communica
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154 equality, “One Sex was not de
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156 women’s involvement in the ph
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158 to the 1730s, to the very origi
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160
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162 ensued. In the summer of 1764,
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164 among the printers and between
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166 than two shillings. The tax on
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168 which openly invaded the first
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170 Extracts of Letters, &c. respec
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172 assembly what action he should
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174 Williamsburg paper did not ment
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176 successors to print laws and th
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178 While Royle did still receive
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180 Sentiments of their own Rights
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182 estimates that by this period,
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184 in Charles-Town, South Carolina
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186 in the colonies has been theori
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188 many as four or five coffeehous
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190 Jürgen Habermas viewed such ci
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192 with the religious Great Awaken
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194
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196 specifically from the former pr
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198 and Richard D. Brown noted, kno
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200 little afford to offend powerfu
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202 period and was more boring afte
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204 This author claimed that Royle
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206 Historians have generally agree
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208 1935 article, where he wrote,
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210 Rind, with only minor discrepan
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212 Street that belonged to Philip
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214 has ever been Established in th
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216 authority. 54 The newspaper in
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218 Judges of the General Court, ou
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220 was now political material with
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222 Going beyond questions of memor
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224 of deference was giving way to
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226 the United States’ Bill of Ri
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228 intended to “wipe out the com
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230 interpretation as being too nar
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232 business advantages that the fr
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234 the Virginia House of Burgesses
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236 “great bulwark of our Constit
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238 cultural customs and behavior.
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240 contending writers that pay the
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242 new burgess was not mentioned,
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244 that seditious libel was becomi
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246 restricting freedom of the pres
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248 attacks on Wilkes’ newspaper.
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250 colonial legislature in 1770, h
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252 part of our government can main
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254 George Mason and Rights Declare
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256 both Richard Henry Lee’s and
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258 paragraphs of Mason’s Declara
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260 There is no conclusive document
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262 Henry had arranged with printer
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264 ministry. 112 “A free press w
Page 279 and 280: 266 Connecticut replied, “It is u
Page 281 and 282: 268 heavy duties on the printing of
Page 283 and 284: 270 means merely the absence of pri
Page 285 and 286: 272 people peaceably to assemble an
Page 287 and 288: 274 amendments, he informed the gov
Page 289 and 290: 276 Despite the evidence underminin
Page 291 and 292: 278 simply being a restriction on p
Page 293 and 294: 280 himself—through the aid of pr
Page 295 and 296: 282 While Habermas theorized about
Page 297 and 298: 284 new contextualizing of the orig
Page 299 and 300: 286 Americans instead of British. 1
Page 301 and 302: 288
Page 303 and 304: 290
Page 305 and 306: 292 Congress, Great Britain PRO CO
Page 307 and 308: 294 Charlottesville: published for
Page 309 and 310: 296 Hoffman, Paul P., ed. Guide to
Page 311 and 312: 298 Morton, Richard L. Colonial Vir
Page 313 and 314: 300 Barker, Hannah and Simon Burrow
Page 315 and 316: 302 Kraus, Sidney and Dennis Davis.
Page 317 and 318: 304 Articles: Anderson, David. “T
Page 319 and 320: 306 Smith, Stephen A. “The Origin
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Page 323 and 324: 310 Bill of Rights, 4, 7, 11, 226,
Page 325 and 326: 312 Dulany, Daniel, 180 Dunmore, Go
Page 327 and 328: 314 King Charles, 21 King George I,
Page 329: 316 North Briton, The, 223, 247, 24
Page 333: 320 Virginia Resolves, 169 Virginia
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