The Origins of a Free Press in Prerevolutionary ... - Web Publishing

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List of Illustrations 1. Old English Press ........................................................................................cover and 32 2. Lawes of Virginia.........................................................................................................39 3. Maryland Gazette #65, Dec. 10, 1728.........................................................................60 4. Virginia Gazette # 6, Sept. 10, 1736 ............................................................................63 5. The Virginia and Maryland Almanac…1732...............................................................100 6. Zodiac Man...............................................................................................................102 7. Almanac as Diary ......................................................................................................126 8. Sarah Carlyle Almanac..............................................................................................128 9. Compleat Housewife (Cookbook)............................................................................140 10. The Fatal Stamp......................................................................................................165 11. Beer Street (Hogarth) .............................................................................................181 12. Isaiah Thomas..........................................................................................................206 13. Rind’s Virginia Gazette #1........................................................................................213 14. George Mason.........................................................................................................255
Page 4: Dedication To my late father, Curti
Page 7: Chapter 7 Reactions in the Chesapea
Page 11 and 12: ii relations with each other. The c
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1 Prologue: Culture of Defe
Page 16 and 17: From the very beginning, the printe
Page 18 and 19: elationship to political deference,
Page 20 and 21: ultimate act of political dissent a
Page 22 and 23: The conclusion here is that the pri
Page 24 and 25: press liberty emerged out of this d
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2 Print Culture in the Earl
Page 28 and 29: also critical to the important spre
Page 30 and 31: material had to be imported at subs
Page 32 and 33: as “an agent of change” that he
Page 34 and 35: presses. In the 1600s, King James d
Page 36 and 37: primarily carried on by ship from t
Page 38 and 39: most often described as “deferent
Page 40 and 41: it was in fact an elite-led uprisin
Page 42 and 43: to establish authority, or to make
Page 44 and 45: their rulings, not party to any dis
Page 46 and 47: considered the first method of mass
Page 48 and 49: on legal documents, but that techni
Page 50 and 51: mid-to-later eighteenth century. 73
Page 52 and 53: The first printing of an actual com
Page 54 and 55: uilding new ideas on the foundation
Page 56 and 57: The introduction of printing had ob
Page 58 and 59:
Virginia Gazette, on August 6, 1736
Page 60 and 61:
said Paper a malicious and scandalo
Page 62 and 63:
developing, and the commercial pres
Page 64 and 65:
the press was tightly controlled wo
Page 66 and 67:
that this was a reading public. The
Page 68 and 69:
While media ecologists look at Habe
Page 70 and 71:
Chapter 3 Chesapeake Newspapers and
Page 72 and 73:
today’s papers, but they were muc
Page 74 and 75:
newspapers were not very accurate.
Page 76 and 77:
The newspapers often did not includ
Page 78 and 79:
A Way to some yet undiscover’d Pl
Page 80 and 81:
Rather than use actual names, many
Page 82 and 83:
This structure makes sense if the r
Page 84 and 85:
satisfactory. Several further attem
Page 86 and 87:
Whoever will secure the above Negro
Page 88 and 89:
important the newspaper was—even
Page 90 and 91:
Both the Maryland Gazette and the V
Page 92 and 93:
demonstrated by these advertisement
Page 94 and 95:
Historians assume that many people
Page 96 and 97:
traditional power of the elites by
Page 98 and 99:
disintegration of the formerly cohe
Page 100 and 101:
Much of the news from and about oth
Page 102 and 103:
This attack so enraged Washington a
Page 104 and 105:
dissent. 90 This does not necessari
Page 106 and 107:
to keep tighter control in Virginia
Page 108 and 109:
writes of his reading The Spectator
Page 110 and 111:
Chapter 4 The Colonial Chesapeake A
Page 112 and 113:
the almanacs did influence social a
Page 114 and 115:
101 the astronomical observations a
Page 116 and 117:
103 two pages. These often had shor
Page 118 and 119:
105 Virginia, Maryland, North Carol
Page 120 and 121:
107 pure Gold.” 29 The list of hi
Page 122 and 123:
109 American frontier and among the
Page 124 and 125:
taking part in a broadening reading
Page 126 and 127:
113 greater meaning. These words of
Page 128 and 129:
115 Michael Schudson would seem to
Page 130 and 131:
117 distributed annuals were part o
Page 132 and 133:
119 noted, led to accompanying shif
Page 134 and 135:
121 theorist Jürgen Habermas, anth
Page 136 and 137:
123 on a wide range of human moveme
Page 138 and 139:
“runs rampant among the reader of
Page 140 and 141:
127 marks next to other lines, like
Page 142 and 143:
129 of weather and humorous stories
Page 144 and 145:
131 essays extolling liberty, there
Page 146 and 147:
Chapter 5 Women, Print, and Discour
Page 148 and 149:
135 the earlier years of the colony
Page 150 and 151:
Women and Literacy 137 While the ab
Page 152 and 153:
139 Historians often see the rise o
Page 154 and 155:
141 “To make a Soop. Take a Leg o
Page 156 and 157:
143 as a “reading revolution.”
Page 158 and 159:
145 the writer—masked by anonymit
Page 160 and 161:
147 wider economic classes, Warner
Page 162 and 163:
149 Maryland in 1695 after the deat
Page 164 and 165:
151 personal (rather than public) a
Page 166 and 167:
153 brewing and serving tea, and wo
Page 168 and 169:
155 of the civic public. In compari
Page 170 and 171:
157 widows in Virginia were taxed o
Page 172 and 173:
159 even political status. In the e
Page 174 and 175:
Chapter 6 The Stamp Act 161 The Ame
Page 176 and 177:
163 revenues, but it also served to
Page 178 and 179:
165 Day,” with a special type fon
Page 180 and 181:
omitted to publish them; others not
Page 182 and 183:
169 hear about it for some time. Af
Page 184 and 185:
Government, between Englishmen and
Page 186 and 187:
173 Commissioners was unconstitutio
Page 188 and 189:
175 of the tax until the colony’s
Page 190 and 191:
177 Sources of revenue were shiftin
Page 192 and 193:
179 Parson’s Cause are the first
Page 194 and 195:
often literate.” The gender gap
Page 196 and 197:
183 greater speeds. 59 By the time
Page 198 and 199:
185 for land to sell, slaves to sel
Page 200 and 201:
187 consumer marketing, visible on
Page 202 and 203:
189 power of the religious elites.
Page 204 and 205:
191 “Printers are educated in the
Page 206 and 207:
193 Virginia printer and the output
Page 208 and 209:
Chapter 7 Thomas Jefferson and the
Page 210 and 211:
197 government income and control w
Page 212 and 213:
199 Speaker of the House of Burgess
Page 214 and 215:
201 two burgesses that had been pri
Page 216 and 217:
203 readers and yielding to royal p
Page 218 and 219:
colonists appreciated that Fauquier
Page 220 and 221:
207 uninfluenced Gazette” encoura
Page 222 and 223:
209 her point. 32 A deeper look int
Page 224 and 225:
211 only 22 years old and not yet a
Page 226 and 227:
213 in the government—which Jeffe
Page 228 and 229:
215 both.” 50 They requested that
Page 230 and 231:
217 The content in the pages of the
Page 232 and 233:
and sensationalism of a free press.
Page 234 and 235:
221 Thomas and following generation
Page 236 and 237:
223 “consumer public sphere” de
Page 238 and 239:
Chapter 8 Liberty of the Press 225
Page 240 and 241:
227 In contemporary legal usage, fr
Page 242 and 243:
229 view of press freedom was narro
Page 244 and 245:
231 yet exist in Great Britain. 11
Page 246 and 247:
233 Governmental licensing of the p
Page 248 and 249:
235 example, argued in 1739 that
Page 250 and 251:
237 essays of Joseph Addison and Ri
Page 252 and 253:
239 be limited and that it could be
Page 254 and 255:
241 the royal governor and to no su
Page 256 and 257:
243 judges were also powerful membe
Page 258 and 259:
245 that additional indictments for
Page 260 and 261:
247 Wilkes’ travails. The Marylan
Page 262 and 263:
249 prosecution, which was a major
Page 264 and 265:
251 of power, with press serving th
Page 266 and 267:
253 freedom of the press, not only
Page 268 and 269:
255 Mason’s primary role in creat
Page 270 and 271:
257 source of governmental power, a
Page 272 and 273:
259 undermining his claim that he d
Page 274 and 275:
261 author who also emphasized the
Page 276 and 277:
263 suggestions for the Declaration
Page 278 and 279:
265 rights was reason for suppressi
Page 280 and 281:
267 under the pseudonym “Cato Uti
Page 282 and 283:
269 While James Madison initially o
Page 284 and 285:
271 shall be inviolable.” 137 Mad
Page 286 and 287:
273 restore us to health.” 146 Th
Page 288 and 289:
275 guilty Great can be punished.
Page 290 and 291:
277 the local newspaper printed a c
Page 292 and 293:
Chapter 9 Epilogue 279 By the time
Page 294 and 295:
281 society, Jarratt observed that
Page 296 and 297:
283 this need and from this dissent
Page 298 and 299:
285 and the Native Americans, allow
Page 300 and 301:
the cultural, social, and political
Page 302 and 303:
289
Page 304 and 305:
Primary Sources Bibliography 291 Ad
Page 306 and 307:
Spotswood, Alexander. Letter to pri
Page 308 and 309:
295 Rives, William C. History of th
Page 310 and 311:
297 ---. Pursuits of Happiness: The
Page 312 and 313:
299 Greene, Jack. “Landon Carter
Page 314 and 315:
---. The Printing Revolution in Ear
Page 316 and 317:
303 ---. Press, Revolution, and Soc
Page 318 and 319:
305 Davis, Natalie Zemon. “Printi
Page 320 and 321:
307 Rawson, David Andrew. “ ‘Gu
Page 322 and 323:
A Adams, John, 156, 163, 164, 252,
Page 324 and 325:
civic public, 52-55, 66, 135, 136,
Page 326 and 327:
Great Awakening, 83, 178, 189, 192,
Page 328 and 329:
233, 234, 237, 238, 243-248, 258, 2
Page 330 and 331:
239, 242, 244, 246-252, 258-262, 26
Page 332 and 333:
Spotswood, Governor Alexander, 25,
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