The Origins of a Free Press in Prerevolutionary ... - Web Publishing

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233, 234, 237, 238, 243-248, 258, 261, 269, 270, 275, 283 Maryland Almanack, 44, 131 Maryland Gazette, 4, 30, 64, 78, 92, 164, 165, 170, 171, 203, 238, 247, 261 Maryland House of Assembly, 29, 30, 45 Mason, George, iii, 7, 24, 71, 225, 230, 238, 253-268, 272, 276 mass communication, 11 mass media, 12 mass production, 33, 79, 100, 186, 197 Massachusetts, 5, 14, 15, 19, 31, 74, 82, 138, 153-156, 163, 173, 187, 206, 236, 241, 252, 257, 260, 265, 273 masthead, 76, 164, 213, 215, 277 McLuhan, Marshall, i, 33, 41, 117, 119, 124 McMurtrie, Douglas, 20, 28, 29, 31, 45, 62, 140, 149, 166, 208, 231, 234, 264 media ecology, i, 7, 41, 54, 55, 98, 120, 121, 122, 286 media effects, 115 medicine, 44, 100, 102, 141 "meer mechanic," 79, 190 memory, 220, 221 Mercer, George, 174, 175 Methodist, 188, 189 middling sort or class, 3, 24, 48, 55, 79, 98, 117, 135, 136, 155, 157, 178, 182, 190, 219 Milton, John, 231, 260 Monitor, The, 65, 216, 238, 261 Morgan, Edmund, 112, 162, 163, 164, 166, 169, 216 moveable metal type, 18 multi-step flow communication theory, 82, 83, 115 N 315 Nash, Gary, 239 Native Americans, 7, 16, 23, see also Indians natural order, 25 New England, 2, 6, 13, 14, 22, 35 New England Courant, The, 15, 146, 151, 236 New Light religious movement, 49, 83, 87, 188 New York, 1, 2, 4-6, 8, 15-20, 24, 29, 33-37, 40, 54, 59, 64, 77, 82- 84, 86, 87, 89, 101, 108, 114-117, 120-123, 125, 132, 134, 137-139, 145, 157, 163, 172, 173, 180, 183, 208, 211, 214, 218, 227, 228, 231, 235, 238, 240, 241, 245, 249, 255, 257, 261, 262, 265-267, 273, 275, 276, 278, 283 news, 6, 10, 13, 20, 47, 57-63, 67-72, 76, 77, 81, 85, 87, 91, 94, 115, 146, 152, 169, 182, 183, 188, 196, 200, 202, 252 news placement, 68 newspaper circulation, 38, 73, 75, 78- 82, 94, 98, 123, 163, 168, 169, 182, 220, 280 newspaper page size, 77, 91 newspaper size, 77 newspapers, 2-7, 9, 10, 15, 16, 18, 20-22, 30, 31, 34, 44, 46, 47, 49, 52, 54-70, 73, 76-95, 104, 125, 131, 133, 134, 143, 145, 147-154, 163, 164, 167-177, 181-184, 186, 189-193, 195, 197-208, 211-218, 222, 223, 232-237, 240, 242, 246- 248, 251, 252, 254, 261, 262, 264, 274-276 nobility, 26 non-consumption, 136, 153-155, 158, 159 Nord, David Paul, 4, 15, 124, 125, 183, 238, 239, 240, 241
316 North Briton, The, 223, 247, 248, 249 novels, 48, 86, 142, 143, 178, 184 Nuthead, Dinah, 29, 148 Nuthead, William, 19, 20, 28, 29, 37, 149, 233 O Old English Press, 32 Ong, Walter, 18, 19, 33, 41, 119, 120, 127, 132 oral culture, 14, 16, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 54, 82, 116-118, 120, 125, 147, 155, 180, 280 orality, 119, 280 original intent, 8, 38, 226, 228, 276, 284 P pamphlets, 6, 9, 30, 31, 34, 37, 42, 49-52, 84, 90, 94, 108, 114, 116, 128, 135, 161, 165, 168, 177-179, 191, 192, 200, 225, 237, 249, 253, 262, 281 paper, 16, 32, 34, 43, 47, 54, 62, 63, 65, 68, 69, 73-78, 80, 85, 100, 101, 106, 112, 118, 121, 125, 139, 146, 162, 165, 168, 172, 173, 195, 200, 202, 203, 205, 213-215, 246, 256, 257, 268 paper mill, 34 parchment, 43 Parks, William, 2, 3, 29-32, 34, 37, 39-49, 59-69, 72, 74-77, 79, 80, 83, 96, 103-105, 107, 109, 131, 133, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 148, 157, 175, 180, 189, 197-199, 234, 237, 238, 241, 242 Parliament, 3, 4, 21, 30, 62, 68, 70, 90, 91, 93, 112, 113, 129, 150, 153, 161-163, 166, 171-173, 179, 190, 195, 216-218, 231, 247, 250, 254, 274 Parson’s Cause, 50, 55, 84, 178, 179, 192, 201 Pasley, Jeffrey, 79, 80, Pendleton, Edmund, 19, 176, 254, 255, 267, 271 Pennsylvania, 15, 19, 22, 32, 82, 83, 91, 105, 109, 150-153, 162, 187, 191, 235, 239, 240, 249, 257, 271 personal ads, 185 petitions, 27 Philadelphia, 22, 30, 33, 34, 59, 73, 81, 82, 86, 87, 100, 101, 106, 111, 112, 156, 162, 168, 182, 183, 187, 211, 235, 240, 254, 256, 265, 277 Philomath, 101 Pinckney, Charles, 265 pistole fee, 90 Pitt, Prime Minister William, 173 Plain-Dealer, The, 60, 64, 83, 143, 238 plantations, 23 planters, 1, 24, 26, 135, 178 political discourse, 11, 10, see also civic discourse, and public discourse political dissent, 5, 6, 7, 190 political pamphlets, 30, 154, 178 politics, 19 popular prints, 27, 44, 52, 56, 94, 99, 119, 131, 182, 185, 189, 260, 281 post office, 31, 75, 85, 86, 176, 177, 184, 201 postal service, 70, 71, 85, 87, 182 Postman, Neil, 54, 120, 121 postmaster, 71, 75, 176 power and printing, 6, 7, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 38, 41-46, 48, 51, 80, 83, 95, 96, 99, 114-119, 122, 125, 134, 135, 152, 161, 173, 175, 182, 189, 195-199, 212, 217, 222, 229, 236, 238, 239, 242-244, 248-252, 254, 257, 262, 266, 277, 281, 287 press freedom, 5, 57, 58, 79, 90, 95, 151, 163, 186, 187, 197, 198, 222, 224-226, 228, 230, 231, 233, 236,
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Dedication To my late father, Curti
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Chapter 7 Reactions in the Chesapea
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Foreword by David Waldstreicher Rog
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Acknowledgements This work could no
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2 typical of Colonial Virginians of
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4 political leaders, even the King,
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6 related, the relationship of prin
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8 the press, a declared freedom tha
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10 colony, and demonstrates how pri
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12 print and popular use of the pri
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14 expand, grow in importance, and
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16 in overcrowded conditions. Once
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18 in England that the colony had a
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20 sheets of those printed laws, Go
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22 to control dissent by the opposi
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24 was about 144,000 people, with a
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26 of the “simple folk.” 37 Thi
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28 and aristocracy, as they came mo
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30 journals made public. This appea
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32 A printing house was a major inv
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34 after the mid-eighteenth century
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36 percent and women’s about 30 p
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38 Whatever the original intent, pr
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40 Printing the laws, Eisenstein su
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42 Governor William Gooch was the a
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44 monopoly of power. 91 An increas
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46 Resolved, That it is the undoubt
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48 alienating anyone in power. 103
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50 approved by the Governor’s Cou
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52 that of a press that should cont
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54 ideas about the role of print wi
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56 and popular prints, more driven
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58 tells much about both the way th
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60 The earliest Chesapeake printers
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62 Printer William Parks noted that
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64 to found The Spectator with Jose
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66 public discourse. This appears t
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68 arrived in the Chesapeake via Lo
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70 Postal service was an extremely
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72 “Enter’d in the Upper Distri
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74 using an additional six pages of
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76 and relatives) made up the major
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78 more than two full pages of adve
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80 eventually gained in power, and
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82 issues. 63 The institution of th
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84 Hunter “be the Moderator of ou
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86 allow for a free exchange of a s
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88 improved communication, but news
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90 The limits of public debate in V
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92 criticism of the British governm
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94 Gentlemen. It was my unhappiness
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96 the power structure. From a pres
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98 from the multidisciplinary field
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100 Indian medicine. By the mid-eig
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102 probably because they were used
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104 While designed to be useful and
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106 One Maryland almanac had advice
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108 about political pamphlets and n
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110 the United States, but did not
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112 crisis, just as the tax on pape
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114 small amounts in the Virginia a
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116 opinion leaders. Such influenti
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118 permits separation of verbal th
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120 and alienation, it can also int
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122 dependent on the very culture i
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124 the knowledge they incorporated
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126 When printed material became a
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128 with interleaved pages. He reco
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130 This section included entertain
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132 it had real economic and social
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134 discourse, and even the public
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136 print remain under-explored. 9
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138 A fairly large number of Virgin
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140 as enabling discourse by non-el
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142 sold in Williamsburg in 1756. 2
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144 Complaint” begins by pointing
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146 a woman requesting a response f
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148 Pen.)” 49 This writer may hav
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150 Women’s involvement with prin
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152 mass media available. Communica
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154 equality, “One Sex was not de
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156 women’s involvement in the ph
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158 to the 1730s, to the very origi
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160
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162 ensued. In the summer of 1764,
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164 among the printers and between
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166 than two shillings. The tax on
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168 which openly invaded the first
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170 Extracts of Letters, &c. respec
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172 assembly what action he should
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174 Williamsburg paper did not ment
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176 successors to print laws and th
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178 While Royle did still receive
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180 Sentiments of their own Rights
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182 estimates that by this period,
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184 in Charles-Town, South Carolina
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186 in the colonies has been theori
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188 many as four or five coffeehous
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190 Jürgen Habermas viewed such ci
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192 with the religious Great Awaken
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194
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196 specifically from the former pr
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198 and Richard D. Brown noted, kno
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200 little afford to offend powerfu
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202 period and was more boring afte
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204 This author claimed that Royle
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206 Historians have generally agree
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208 1935 article, where he wrote,
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210 Rind, with only minor discrepan
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212 Street that belonged to Philip
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214 has ever been Established in th
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216 authority. 54 The newspaper in
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218 Judges of the General Court, ou
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220 was now political material with
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222 Going beyond questions of memor
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224 of deference was giving way to
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226 the United States’ Bill of Ri
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228 intended to “wipe out the com
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230 interpretation as being too nar
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232 business advantages that the fr
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234 the Virginia House of Burgesses
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236 “great bulwark of our Constit
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238 cultural customs and behavior.
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240 contending writers that pay the
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242 new burgess was not mentioned,
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244 that seditious libel was becomi
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246 restricting freedom of the pres
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248 attacks on Wilkes’ newspaper.
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250 colonial legislature in 1770, h
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252 part of our government can main
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254 George Mason and Rights Declare
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256 both Richard Henry Lee’s and
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258 paragraphs of Mason’s Declara
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260 There is no conclusive document
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262 Henry had arranged with printer
Page 277 and 278: 264 ministry. 112 “A free press w
Page 279 and 280: 266 Connecticut replied, “It is u
Page 281 and 282: 268 heavy duties on the printing of
Page 283 and 284: 270 means merely the absence of pri
Page 285 and 286: 272 people peaceably to assemble an
Page 287 and 288: 274 amendments, he informed the gov
Page 289 and 290: 276 Despite the evidence underminin
Page 291 and 292: 278 simply being a restriction on p
Page 293 and 294: 280 himself—through the aid of pr
Page 295 and 296: 282 While Habermas theorized about
Page 297 and 298: 284 new contextualizing of the orig
Page 299 and 300: 286 Americans instead of British. 1
Page 301 and 302: 288
Page 303 and 304: 290
Page 305 and 306: 292 Congress, Great Britain PRO CO
Page 307 and 308: 294 Charlottesville: published for
Page 309 and 310: 296 Hoffman, Paul P., ed. Guide to
Page 311 and 312: 298 Morton, Richard L. Colonial Vir
Page 313 and 314: 300 Barker, Hannah and Simon Burrow
Page 315 and 316: 302 Kraus, Sidney and Dennis Davis.
Page 317 and 318: 304 Articles: Anderson, David. “T
Page 319 and 320: 306 Smith, Stephen A. “The Origin
Page 321 and 322: 308
Page 323 and 324: 310 Bill of Rights, 4, 7, 11, 226,
Page 325 and 326: 312 Dulany, Daniel, 180 Dunmore, Go
Page 327: 314 King Charles, 21 King George I,
Page 331 and 332: 318 Rawson, David, 23, 36, 125, 155
Page 333: 320 Virginia Resolves, 169 Virginia
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