Vesalius, VI, 2,155, 2000Book ReviewExhortation à l'étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> mé<strong>de</strong>cine. Art médical.GalienTexte établi et traduit par Véronique BoudonParis, 2000, Les Belles Lettre, Collection <strong>de</strong>s Universités <strong>de</strong> France - BudéISBN 2-251-00483-1, 400 FFC'est sous <strong>la</strong> direction <strong>de</strong> Jacques Jouanna quel'équipe <strong>de</strong> recherche "Mé<strong>de</strong>cine grecque" (CNRSet Paris-Sorbonne) a entrepris <strong>de</strong> faire paraître lesoeuvres complètes <strong>de</strong> Galien <strong>de</strong> Pergame. Ce livreconstitue le premier volume <strong>de</strong> cette gageure. Ils'agit <strong>de</strong> textes qui n'ont jamais été traduits ni enfrançais, ni en une autre <strong>la</strong>ngue mo<strong>de</strong>rne.Le premierouvrage traduit est le "Protreptique",c'est à dire '"Exhortation" <strong>de</strong> Galien. Des <strong>de</strong>uxparties dont il se composait à l'origine, seule <strong>la</strong>première, <strong>de</strong>stinée à exhorter les jeunes gens àl'étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s arts en général a été conservée. Lasecon<strong>de</strong> partie, invitant ces mêmes jeunes gensà se consacrer à l'art médical par excellencequ'est l'art médical a été perdue. Citons toutefois<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnière phrase <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> première partie :"Il convient que le jeune homme, qui n'a pastout à fait l'âme d'une bête, choisisse etexerce un <strong>de</strong> ces arts nobles et principalementle meilleur parmi ceux-ci qui est, à ceque nous disons, <strong>la</strong> mé<strong>de</strong>cine".L'édition princeps utilisée pour <strong>la</strong> traduction aété celle <strong>de</strong> l'Aldine <strong>de</strong> Venise (1525). A noterqu'un an plus tard, Erasme fit paraître une traduction<strong>la</strong>tine chez Froben à Bâle.Le second ouvrage traduit dans cette éditionjuxtalinéaire est <strong>la</strong> plus célèbre oeuvre majeure ducorpus galénique, Y Art Médical, composée vers <strong>la</strong>fin <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> vie <strong>de</strong> Galien, bi<strong>la</strong>n <strong>de</strong> ses connaissancespathologiques : ai<strong>de</strong>-mémoire <strong>de</strong>stiné aux praticiensconfirmés, où Galien réfère plusieurs foisaux monographies spécialisées qu'il avait rédigéesauparavant.L'"Art Médical" fut utilisé, copié et impriméjusqu'au XVI le siècle. "La mé<strong>de</strong>cine est <strong>la</strong> science<strong>de</strong> ce qui est sain, malsain et neutre". Aprèsavoir défini le champ <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> mé<strong>de</strong>cine Galienexpose dans une première partie les caractéristiques(tempérament et juste équilibre) <strong>de</strong>s corpssains, malsains et neutres; dans une secon<strong>de</strong>partie il parle <strong>de</strong>s signes servant au diagnosticdu tempérament et du juste équilibre <strong>de</strong>s organeset dans <strong>la</strong> troisième partie il décrit les causesqui conservent <strong>la</strong> santé, celles qui apportent <strong>la</strong>guérison et celles qui préviennent <strong>la</strong> ma<strong>la</strong>die.Comme tous les ouvrages <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> CollectionBudé, ce volume est truffé <strong>de</strong> notices détaillées,concernant le contenu, les sources, les traductions,etc.. Nous ne pouvons que conseillerl'acquisition <strong>de</strong> ce livre, source indispendable àtous ceux intéressés par l'histoire <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> mé<strong>de</strong>cineet par <strong>la</strong> culture grecque, véritable régalpour ceux qui ont eu le privilège d'avoir fait leurshumanités gréco-<strong>la</strong>tines.Jean-Pierre TricotErratumHistorical Sketch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Society</strong> for <strong>the</strong> History <strong>of</strong> Medicineby Jean-Pierre TricotOn p. 9, 20 and 32 read :"XXIIe Congress : General Secretary : V. Manoliu" (instead <strong>of</strong> M. Bariety).The author aplogized for this error beyond his control.155
Vesalius, VI, 2, 156, 2000InformationThe Wellcome Trust's History <strong>of</strong> TwentiethCentury Medicine Group promotes interactionbetween medical scientists, clinicians andhistorians <strong>of</strong> twentieth century medicine. Acomponent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> group's activity is to ga<strong>the</strong>rtoge<strong>the</strong>r significant figures in twentieth centurymedicine to discuss specific discoveries or eventsand <strong>de</strong>bate <strong>the</strong>ir achievements, <strong>the</strong>ir failings,and <strong>the</strong> consequences and impacts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>irwork.The resulting <strong>de</strong>bates are published in <strong>the</strong>Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicineseminar transcripts, two new volumes <strong>of</strong>which have just been published. The first, volume7, is a fascinating insight into Clinical Research inBritain, 1950-1980, and examines <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong>clinical research in <strong>the</strong> UK since <strong>the</strong> SecondWorld War, including <strong>the</strong> 1953 Cohen Report and<strong>the</strong> subsequent creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Medical ResearchCouncil's Clinical Research Board.The second new addition to <strong>the</strong> seriesfocusses on <strong>the</strong> key aspects <strong>of</strong> Intestinal Absorption,including work on basic physiologicalmechanisms and techniques, such as <strong>the</strong>discovery <strong>of</strong> <strong>de</strong>dicated transport systems and<strong>the</strong>ir localization, and <strong>the</strong>ir clinical impact inintestinal disor<strong>de</strong>rs and oral rehydration <strong>the</strong>rapy.The addition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se two new volumes to <strong>the</strong>series continues our aim <strong>of</strong> preserving for allthose interested in mo<strong>de</strong>rn medicine and medicalscience an invaluable record <strong>of</strong> twentieth centurymedicine in <strong>the</strong> making.Volumes cost £5 each and areavai<strong>la</strong>ble throughour website at : http://www.wellcome.ac.uk.Alternatively why not email us at : marketing©wellcome.ac.uk.The Folger Shakespeare Library will host anNEH Summer Institute for college faculty from25 June to 3 August 2001. Joined by a distinguishedcast <strong>of</strong> visiting faculty members, Pame<strong>la</strong>H. Smith and Pame<strong>la</strong> O. Long will co-direct«Experience and Experiment in Early Mo<strong>de</strong>rnEurope.» The institute will open up a wi<strong>de</strong>ranging and carefully nuanced investigation <strong>of</strong>different strands and shifting un<strong>de</strong>rstandings <strong>of</strong>experience in <strong>the</strong> early mo<strong>de</strong>rn period. It willexplore an increasing reliance on instrumentationas well as o<strong>the</strong>r material and intellectualstrategies for <strong>the</strong> validation <strong>of</strong> knowledge c<strong>la</strong>ims.This interdisciplinary institute accordingly encourageshistorians <strong>of</strong> science, culturalhistorians, art historians, philosophers, anthropologists,sociologists, literary critics, andhistorians <strong>of</strong> technology to apply.Selected participants will examine key texts(many in <strong>the</strong>ir original or early printings) thataffect <strong>the</strong> histories <strong>of</strong> practices such as painting,architecture, cartography, alchemy, medicine,and performance. They will focus on <strong>the</strong> technologiesthat drove change and sustained its effects.These technologies may be as specific as<strong>the</strong> <strong>de</strong>velopment <strong>of</strong> artists' perspective or asgeneral as <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> printing press. Ineach case, participants will attend to <strong>the</strong> habits<strong>of</strong> mind that shaped a new empirical method <strong>of</strong>philosophizing and a new way <strong>of</strong> viewing nature.They will also adapt <strong>the</strong>ir research for c<strong>la</strong>ssroominstruction by selecting and annotating a set <strong>of</strong>images to feature in a website posting.For more information, including a week-byweek<strong>de</strong>scription <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> institute, its visiting faculty,and an application form, please consult: http://www.folger.edu/institute/nintro.html156
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