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iuridiuli fakulteti — 30
`qrTami~ wyaroebSi, umeteswilad, swored gasakicxi da
ukanono naZRvnevis gamomxatveli terminia.
IX-XVIII saukuneTa qarTuli samarTlis wignebis SeswavliT
dadginda, rom `qrTami~ araerTgvarovnad gamoiyeneboda. erTis
mxriv originaluri (sakuTriv qarTuli), xolo meore mxriv,
ucxouridan Targmnili (gadmoqarTulebuli) sakanonmdeblo
aqtebSi. originalur kodeqsebSi terminiT ~qrTami orive mniSvnelobiT
(rogorc akrZaluli, ise nebadarTuli saCuqris SinaarsiT)
ixmareba. amis sapirispirod, ucxouri samarTlis qar-
Tul versiebSi qrTami mxolod visime gamosasyidad gamiznul
ukanono saCuqars gulisxmobs.
rac Seexeba `feSqaSs~, igi sparsuli warmomavlobis terminia
(`fiSkaS~) da qarTulad iuridiul aqtebSi gvianfeodalur
periodSi mkvidrdeba saCuqar-misarTmevelis, ZRvenis mniSvnelobiT.
`feSqaSi~ sulxan-saba orbelianis `qarTul leqsikonSi~
araa Setanili. `sityvis konis~ ucxour nawilSi ki `feSqaS~ moyvanilia
`Cuqebis~ da ZRvenis Turqul Sesatyvisad. Cuqebis aseTsave
wess Seicavs aRbuRas samarTalic. erTgvari gansxvaveba is
iyo, rom saCuqari aq gaicemoda samagiero pativiscemis niSnad,
viTarca garkveuli gasamrjelo `kargad yolis da sauravisaTvis~.
amis Semdeg i. doliZe Cuqebis xelSekrulebas exeba uSualod
misTvis saintereso kuTxiT, sanivTo samarTlis ZiriTadi
institutis sakuTrebis uflebis SeZenis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod
igi aRniSnavs, rom beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis mixedviT. `sa-
Cuqris micema sakuTrebis uflebas warmoSobs. saCuqrad miRebul
qonebaze samamulo qonebis saCuqrad micema mxolod mas SeeZlo,
visac adgil-mamuli ekuTvnoda, mxolod miwis patrons
hqonda sakuTari mamulis sxvaze gadacemis ufleba. cxadia, sakuTrebis
am gziT warmoSobas adgili unda hqondes feodalTa
klasis zeda fenis warmomadgenelTa Soris~.
am ukanasknel debulebasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas,
rom Cuqebis gziT sakuTrebis uflebis SeZenas brunvidan gamouricxav
yovelgvar qonebaze da maT Soris, samamulozedac uTuod
hqonda adgili feodalTa klasis qveda subvasalitetsac vigulisxmebT,
maSin agreTve Sua fenis warmomadgenelTa Soris.
garda amisa, marTebuli ar iqneba feodaluri sazogadoebis sxva
socialuri jgufebis wevrTa gamoricxva im orTa wridan, romelTac
Tundac samamulo qonebaze SeeZloT sakuTrebis uflebis
SeZena Cuqebis saSualebiT. sxva saqmea, Tu vis hqonda gaCuqebis
ufleba, vin gamodioda maCuqeblis rolSi. TavisTavad cxadia,
rom mCuqeblad feodaluri sazogadoebis yvelaze ufro
SeZlebuli wris warmomadgenlebi gvevlinebian.
metad mokled, aseve sakuTrebis uflebis warmoSobis sa-