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Tea SayulaSvili<br />
iuridiuli fakulteti — 30<br />
mowmis imunitetis problemebi sisxlis<br />
samarTlis procesSi<br />
Sesavali. sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> saqmianobis<br />
gansakuTrebuli sferoa, romlis prioritetul amocanas<br />
warmoadgens, daadginos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis faqtobrivi<br />
garemoebebi da danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis<br />
Camdeni piri, magram amave dros is valdebulia saproceso<br />
kanoniT gansazRvruli, mkacri da mtkivneuli moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis<br />
drosac ki daicvas yvela monawilis uflebebi da<br />
Tavisuflebebi.<br />
XX s. 60-ian wlebSi herbert pekerma, sisxlis samarTlis politikaze<br />
dakvirvebiT, gamoyo msoflioSi arsebuli marTlmsajulebis<br />
ori modeli: 1. Due process model, romlisTvisac prioritetulia<br />
adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi da 2. Grim control<br />
model, romelic moqalaqeTa uflebebis SezRudvis xarjze upiratesobas<br />
aniWebs damnaSaveobaze kontrols. 1 Tumca, ra Tqma<br />
unda, gulubryviloba iqneboda gvemtkicebina, rom am modelTagan<br />
romelime SeiZleba iyos absoluturi an idealuri.<br />
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, procesis<br />
monawilis kerZo interesis sajaro interesze maRla dayeneba,<br />
rac aseT SemTxvevebSi moralur-eTikuri normebiT aris nakarnaxevi,<br />
dispoziciurobis principiT aris cnobili da is sisxlis samarTlis<br />
procesSi zRvargadasuli sajaroobis sapirwonea.<br />
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis orbitaze moxvedrili moqalaqis<br />
kerZo interesebis dacvis meqanizmebidan `mowmis imunitetis~<br />
instituti erT-erTi uZvelesi da umniSvnelovanesia.<br />
Tavad sityva `imuniteti~ (“immunitas”) laTinuridan warmodgeba<br />
da raimesagan Tavis dacvas, ganTavisuflebas, Tavis daxsnas niSnavs.<br />
2 sisxlis samarTlis procesSi imuniteti warmoadgens sagamonakliso<br />
uflebas, romelic kanoniT gansazRvrul pirTa wres,<br />
maTi statusis, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, Tanamdebobis an<br />
profesiis gamo, erTis mxriv, aRWurvavs uflebiT, ar miscen Cveneba<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze maTTvis cnobil garemoebaTa<br />
Sesaxeb, meores mxriv ki aTavisuflebs maT, Cvenebis armicemis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisagan.<br />
Tavisi arsiT mowmis imunitetis instituti rTul da dina-<br />
1 Herbert L. Packer. Two Models of the Criminal Process. Stanford University Press,<br />
1968.<br />
2<br />
qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia. t. V. Tb., 1980, gv. 123.<br />
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