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anale 9.pdf - Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru ...

anale 9.pdf - Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru ...

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30S. MAN ŞI C. DRAICAEFFECT OF PLANTING TIME ON POTATO YIELD AND INFECTIONVIRUSES CARRIED BY APHIDES IN SEED POTATO CROPSSummaryTo improve the technology of the seed potato cropping in the closed zones, three triennalcycles of polifaetorial experiments were carried out in 1969-1974 at Le.P.e. Braşov. Theresults regarding the effeet of the planting on limiting the severe virus diseases on varietyDesiree are discussed. If the fields are isolated, the <strong>de</strong>lay of planting by 15 days aHer theoptimum time (Apri! 10-20) increases the infeetion by PVY with 25% and by PLRV with58%. If the virus diseased plants are not discar<strong>de</strong>d and the treatments by aphici<strong>de</strong>s are notused, the favorable effeet of the .optimum planting time on the infeetions by PLR.V <strong>de</strong>creasesvery significantly (25-52%).An yield of 13.6 Uha seed-potato (of 30-55 mm) representing 65% from the total iuberyield and aminimum virotical infeetion (2.37% in 11) can be realized only by using on optimumleve the folIowing faetors preventing the spread of the virus diseases: the isolation betweenbiological categories, the planting time, the virus diseased plant discarding and the earlykilling of the haulms. By planting in good time the growth interruption can be postponedaHer the date of the maximum flight of the aphids 20-30 days for Il and 10-20 days forsuperelite and elite (in <strong>de</strong>pendance on the class of resistance of the varieties); fhe yieldincreases by 15-83%.in that case.EINFLUSS DER PFLANZEPOCHE AUF DEN ERTRAG UND AUFDIEINFEKTION MIT VON BLATTLÂUSEN DBERTRAGENENVIREN IN DEN KARTOFFELKULTUREN FOR PFLANZGUTZusammen{assungIn <strong>de</strong>r Perio<strong>de</strong> 1969-1974 wur<strong>de</strong>n bei Le.c.S. Braşov eine Serie polifaktorieJler Versuche,in drei dreijăhrigen Zyklen, durchgefiihrt, hinsichtlich <strong>de</strong>r Verbesserung cler Technologiezur Erzeugung und Vermehrung <strong>de</strong>r Pflanzgutkartoffel in geschlossenen Zonen.Es wer<strong>de</strong>n die Ergebnisse gezeigt, betreffend <strong>de</strong>n Einfluss <strong>de</strong>r Pflanzepocheauf dieEinschrănkung <strong>de</strong>r Infektion mit schădlichen Viren bei <strong>de</strong>r Kartoffelsorte Desiree. UnterBedingungen <strong>de</strong>r Isolierung <strong>de</strong>r Kartoffelkulturen bewirkt die Verspătung <strong>de</strong>s PfJanzensmit 15 Tagen gegeniiber <strong>de</strong>r giinstigsten Epoche (10.-20. Apri!) die Steigerung <strong>de</strong>r Infektionum 25% fiir <strong>de</strong>n Virus Y und um 58% fiir <strong>de</strong>n BlattrolIvirus. Das Nichtentfernen cler vonViren befallenen Pflanzen aus <strong>de</strong>rKultur und die Nichtausfiihrung <strong>de</strong>r BehandJungen mitInsektenbekampfungsmittel fiir die Bekămpfung <strong>de</strong>r B1att1ăuse, verringern <strong>de</strong>n Effekt clergiinstigsten Pflanzepoche auf die Infektionen mit <strong>de</strong>m Blattrollvirus.Den Ertrag von 19,6 tlha STAS-Pflanzgut (30-55 mm), was 65% <strong>de</strong>r Gesamtproduk­Hon darstellt und eine minimale Infektion (2,37% in Il), kann nul' dadurcherzielt wer<strong>de</strong>n,dass alle Faktoren zur V~)fbeugung <strong>de</strong>r Verbreitung <strong>de</strong>r Viruskrankheiten unter <strong>de</strong>n gfinstigstenBedingungen angewandt wer<strong>de</strong>n; und zwar: die entspreshen<strong>de</strong> Isolierung <strong>de</strong>r biologischenKathegorien, das Pflanzen in <strong>de</strong>r gunstigsten Epoche, die AusfUhrung <strong>de</strong>r Behandlungen zurBekămpfung<strong>de</strong>r BlattIăuse, das Entfernen <strong>de</strong>r von Viren befallenen Pflanzen und die zeitlicheUnterbrechung <strong>de</strong>r Vegetation. In dieser Hinsicht kann man durch das Pflanzen in <strong>de</strong>r gunstigstenEpoche die Unterbrechung <strong>de</strong>r Vegetation verschieben, und zwar um 20-30 ragevom H6hepunkt <strong>de</strong>s Fluges <strong>de</strong>rBlattlăuse bei Il und um 10-20 Tage bei <strong>de</strong>r Superelite undElite (je nach <strong>de</strong>r Wi<strong>de</strong>rstandsgruppe <strong>de</strong>r Sorten gegeniiber <strong>de</strong>n Viren), wodurch ein Mehrertragvon 15-83% erzielt wird.

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