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NOTES
54. Halberstam, Skin Shows, pp. 24, 6.
55. Mary Russo, The Female Grotesque: Risk, Excess and Modernity (London:
Routledge, 1994), p. 8.
56. Gregory A. Waller, ‘Introduction’, in Waller (ed.), American Horrors,
p. 9.
57. Ibid., p. 10.
58. Walter Evans, ‘Monster Movies: A Sexual Theory’, in Barry Keith Grant
(ed.), Planks of Reason: Essays on the Horror Film (Metuchen NJ: Scarecrow
Press, 1984), p. 55.
59. Badley, Film, Horror, and the Body Fantastic, p. 120.
60. Paul Hoch, White Hero, Black Beast: Racism, Sexism and the Mask of
Masculinity (London: Pluto, 1979), pp. 44–5.
61. Stephen Jones, The Illustrated Werewolf Movie Guide (London: Titan
Books, 1996), p. 16.
62. Hoch, White Hero, Black Beast, p. 61.
63. Sigmund Freud, ‘The Economic Problem of Masochism’ (1924), in James
Strachey (ed.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works
of Sigmund Freud, vol. 19 (London: Hogarth Press, 1961), p. 162, quoted
in Barbara Creed, ‘Dark Desires: Male Masochism in the Horror Film’,
in Steven Cohan and Ina Rae Hark (eds), Screening the Male: Exploring
Masculinities in Hollywood Cinema (London and New York: Routledge,
1993), p. 121.
64. Creed, ‘Dark Desires’, p. 131.
65. Tudor, Monsters and Mad Scientists, p. 3.
66. Mark Jancovich, ‘Screen Theory’, in Joanne Hollows and M. Jancovich
(eds), Approaches to Popular Film (Manchester and New York: Manchester
University Press, 1995), p. 147.
67. Badley, Film, Horror, and the Body Fantastic, p. 120.
68. Mulvey’s article argues that the viewer of popular film is forced to identify
as masculine, thus participating in the objectification of female characters.
See Laura Mulvey, ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’ (1975), in The
Sexual Subject: A Screen Reader in Sexuality (London and New York:
Routledge, 1992), pp. 22–34.
69. Badley, Film, Horror, and the Body Fantastic, pp. 105 and 120.
70. James H. Kavanaugh, ‘Feminism, Humanism and Science in Alien’, in
Annette Kuhn (ed.), Alien Zone: Cultural Theory and Contemporary
Science Fiction Cinema (New York and London: Verso, 1990), p. 76, quoted
in K. Hurley, ‘Reading Like an Alien: Posthuman Identity in Ridley Scott’s
Alien and David Cronenburg’s Rabid’, in Judith Halberstam and Ira Livingston
(eds), Posthuman Bodies (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana
University Press, 1995), p. 209.
71. Barbara Creed, ‘Horror and the Monstrous-Feminine — An Imaginary
167