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with contemporary views 3. Living Interpretation and Cultural Demonstrations Living interpretation and demonstrations introduce visitors to the horticultural heritage of Old Salem. Gardens are __ maintained according to 18th and 19th century standards wherever and whenever possible. They are exceptional outdoor classrooms for garden demonstrations which when well done involve the totality of physical senses, as well as inducing emotional involvement. Part of the visitor reward is the opportunity to become part of the scene. Visitor participation offers a touch of humanity and fun to learning about Moravian garden skills. Potential horticultural demonstrations at Old Salem could include the following: A. Pruning Techniques 1. Fruit tree training for maximum production 2. Street tree pruning B. Planting Methods 1. Division of yard into rectangular planting areas 2. Arrangement of rows within garden plots in east- west, north-south, or diagonal patterns 3. Planting in beds or wide rows 4. Soil preparation - adding manure, compost, leaves, and other organic matter 5. Companion planting by integrating vegetables, herbs, flowers, and berries 6. Interplanting crops to increase food production and utilize garden space most efficiently C. Plant Culture 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fertilizing plants with compost, manure, woodash, etc. Conserving water by mulching and collecting rain water in gutter barrels Staking plants with pea brush, bamboo, tree branches, etc. Controlling 'garden pests such as insects, wildlife (deer, rodent, squirrels, etc.), humans Controlling plant diseases such as fire blight, fruit scab, rusts, etc. Propagating new plants through seed germination, grafting, budding, root and crown division, cuttings, layering, etc. 17
D. Harvest Techniques 1. Tree fruits and berries 2. Vegetables 3. Herbs for their culinary, medicinal, and aromatic qualities 4. Field crops such as winter rye, field corn, broomcorn, flax, tobacco, etc. E. Methods of Food Storage and Preservation 1. Extending the growing season with cold frames and greenhouses 2. Winter storage of food crops in garden trenches or under mulches of straw, leaves, or sand 3. Winter storage of food crops in off-site facilities, such as root cellars, pits, woodsheds, barns, etc. Research has not yet and may never document specific horticultural and gardening methods attributable to the Moravians. Regional gardening calendars and almanacs popular during the 18th and 19th centuries shed some light on ,omon garden prac- tices in the United States at this time. However, this does not negate the need for on-going garden research programs. Demon- strations must be based on continual research, and interpreters must strive to perfect the gardening activity with which they are involved. These demonstrations may be presented as a life scene, incorporating Moravian costumes, historical and reproduction artifacts, and buildings,or they may be staged in contemporary clothing utilizing 20th century implements. Both approaches have application in Old Salem. A small corps of garden interpreters, chosen from the ranks of Old Salem guides and hostesses, and possibly volunteers from the local community, could be trained fo.r gardening demonstrations. These might be scheduled weekly or bi-weekly between June and August at a standard time, such as 1:30 - 4:OO p.m. Announcements of demonstrations should be posted in the Old Salem Reception Center and highlighted along with other weekly events. Post Visit Enhancement and Interpretation 18
Page 1 and 2: k . Interpretive Prospectus for the
Page 3 and 4: \ and pleasure. Gardens were distin
Page 5 and 6: \ fluence on agriculture, horticult
Page 7 and 8: Garden Interpretation Orientation i
Page 9 and 10: 1. A description of the lot concept
Page 11 and 12: The 1981 summer insert for the Visi
Page 13 and 14: details that would be missed by the
Page 15 and 16: Salem, such a Matthew Miksch, Chris
Page 17: Education and Interpretation depart
Page 21 and 22: Of immdediate concern is the develo
Page 23 and 24: of simple medicinal remedies using
Page 25 and 26: \ 1. C. Reception Center . . Reprin
Page 28 and 29: A Manual For Garden And Landscape l
Page 30 and 31: VI . Landscape Questions Frequently
Page 32 and 33: \ interpreter's words touch their p
Page 34 and 35: 1 continues to expand from the iden
Page 36 and 37: History The restoration of historic
Page 38 and 39: support of Old Salem, Inc. and the
Page 40 and 41: A. Introduction to Garden History H
Page 42 and 43: \ were dissected by workpaths over
Page 44 and 45: in this part of North Carolina and
Page 46 and 47: \ Interpretive Highlights In Bethab
Page 48 and 49: , ,, abruptly to a small creek and
Page 50 and 51: \ Horticulture Department has kille
Page 52 and 53: Garden beds were interplanted with
Page 54 and 55: IV . Tour Interpretation for Guides
Page 57 and 58: , Li, I 4) Summerhouse in center of
Page 59 and 60: D. Salem Family Gardens Interpretiv
Page 61 and 62: . C. d. Point out that more space i
Page 63 and 64: LIVE STOCK 7 2 1 1 1 3 3 7 13 100 5
Page 65 and 66: \ Interpretation of Important Lands
Page 67 and 68: 3. Cross allges of lombardy poplars
Page 69 and 70:
\ ,. .-I H. Salem Square The Moravi
Page 71 and 72:
\ Key to Planting Plan of Salem Squ
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These birds make excellent "watchdo
Page 75 and 76:
N. Streets and Lanes Streets are an
Page 77 and 78:
I. What's growing on the arbor at t
Page 79 and 80:
10. What is the shrub planting behi
Page 81 and 82:
VII. Annotated Bibliography Most of
Page 83 and 84:
\ B. Garden History labels should b
Page 85 and 86:
2. Partridge, Michael. Farm Tools T
Page 87 and 88:
’ \ * Muenscher, Walter C. and My
Page 89 and 90:
\ VIII. Summer Garden Interpretatio
Page 91 and 92:
\ / -- Discuss broad ideas with you
Page 93 and 94:
111. Wednesday FOOD PRESERVATION AN
Page 95 and 96:
10) comfrey leaves when young and s
Page 97 and 98:
\ 4. Pruning a. Lightly prune bunch
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, E. Grapes (end of July through Au
Page 101 and 102:
(Tools continued) a. wooden rakes b
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\ / rl c *- rd T I N O r l cca tP I
Page 107 and 108:
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