Textual Studies of the Hadith - National Open University of Nigeria

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ISL222 TEXTUAL STUDIES OF THE HADITH 3.1.2 Hadith 4 Text, Translation, Commentary and Lesson ُعِباﱠرلا ُثيِد َحْلا ِهْيَلَع ُﷲ يﱠلِص ِﷲ ُلوُسَر اَنَثَدَح : َلاَق ،ُهْنَع ُﷲ َيِضَر ِدوُع ْسَم نب ِﷲ ِدْبَع ِن ٰم ْحﱠرلا ِدْبَع يِبَأ ْنَع ﱠمُث ،ًةَفْطُن اًمْوَي َنيِعَب ْرَأ ِهﱢمأ ِنْطَب يِف ُهُقْلَخ ُعَم ْجُي ْمُكَدْحَأ ﱠنإ ) : - ُقوُدْصَمْلا ُقِداﱠصلا َوُھَو – َمﱠلَسَو ُرَمْؤُيَو ،َحوﱡرلا ِهيِف ُخُفْنَيَف ،ُكَلَمْلا ِهْيَلإ ُلَسْرُي ﱠمُث ،َكِلَذ َلْثِم ًةَغ ْضُم ُنوُكَي ﱠمُث ،َكِلَذ َلْثِم ًةَقَلَع ُنوُكَي ْمُكَدَحَأ ﱠنإ ُهُرْيَغ َهٰـلإ َلا يِذﱠلا ِﷲَوَف ؛ٌديِعَس ْمَأ ﱞيِقَشَو ،ِهِلَمَعَو ،ِهِلَجأَو ،ِهِقْز ر ِ ِبْتَكِب : ٍتاَمِلَك ِعَب ْرَأِب ِلْھَأ ِلَمَع ِب ُلَمْعَيَف َباَتِكْلا ِهْيَلَع ُقِبْسَيَف ،ٌعاَرِذ ﱠلاإ اَھَنْيَبَو ُهَنْيَب ُنوُكَي ام ىﱠتَح ِةﱠنَجْلا ِلْھَأ ِلَمَعِب ُلَمْعَيَل ِهْيَلَع ُقِبْسَيَف ٌعارِذ ﱠلاإ اَھَنْيَبَو ُهَنْيَب ُنوُكَي ام يﱠتَح راﱠنلا ِ ِلْھَأ ِلَمَعِب ُلَمْعَيَل ْمُكَدَحَأ ﱠنإَو . اَھُلُخْدَيَف راﱠنلا ِ .[ 2643 : مقر] ملسمو [ 3208 : مقر] يراخبلا هاور ( اَھُلُخْدَيَف ِةﱠنَجْلا ِلْھَأ ِلَمَعِب ُلَمْعَيَف َباَتِكْلا Translation Hadith Four From Abu Abdur-Rahman ‘Abdullah b. Mas’ud who said: “The Apostle of God who is trustworthy and one who is considered to speak veraciously, reported to us saying: ‘verily the creation of any one of you takes place when he is assembled in his mother’s womb; for forty days (he is) a drop, then he becomes a clot, in the same way, and then in the same way a mass. Then an angel is sent to him who breathes the spirit into him. Four words of commands are given (to the angel), namely that he writes down his fortune, his life-span, his work, and weather he will be among the wretched or the happy ones. By God, besides whom there is no other god, one of you may work the works of the people of paradise till there is naught but an arm’s length between him and it, when that which has been written will overtake him so that he works the work of the people of hell fire and he enters it; and one of you may work the works of the people of the hell fire till there is naught but an arm’s length between him and it, when that which has been written will overtake him so that he works the work of the people of paradise and he enters it’.” Both Bukhari and Muslim relate this. Commentary Belief in predestination is one of the articles of faith in Islam. It denotes the belief that anything that happens to us in this life whether good or bad has been pre-decreed and that nothing can happen without the foreknowledge of Almighty Allah. However, it is very wrong to hold the idea that since our fate has been decided before our birth then there is no need for us to strive to live upright life. Going by some hadith of the holy Prophet (S.A.W.), it is firmly established that we must be steadfast in doing good. We must conduct ourselves according to the rules of Allah in conjunction with the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah of the Prophet. He who will enter paradise will 14
ISL222 TEXTUAL STUDIES OF THE HADITH find its work easy while it will be difficult for those who have been destined to enter hell to do righteous deeds. The resort to scientific method of analysing the creation of man and the issue of predestination signifies the divine guidance in whatever the Prophet says or does. Lessons The following lessons are derivable from the above hadith: 1. It exposes the various stages which the the formation of man passes through in the womb for man to appreciate the unrivalled ability of Allah to do all things. 2. It teaches belief in predestination which is one of the fundamental principles of Islam. 3. It can be easily deduced from this tradition that forgiveness can nullify sins if only such sinner does not revisit the sins. 4. We must also learn to strive to be upright always. 5. We must believe in the day of Judgment when every man will be judged in accordance with what he or she did while on earth. SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 2 Assess your level of competence in memorisation by reading the Arabic text of the above hadith off-hand. 3.1.3 Hadith 5 Text, Translation, Commentary and Lesson ُسِما َخلا ُثيِد َحْلا ْتَلاَق ،اَھْنَع ُﷲ َيِضَر َةَشِئاَع ِﷲ ِدْبَع ﱢمُ ) َمﱠلَسَو ِهْيَلَع ُﷲ يﱠلَص ِﷲ ُلوُسَر َلاَق : أ َنيِنِم ْؤُمْلا ﱢمأ ْنَع مقر] ملسمو ،[ 2697 : مقر] يراخبلا هاور .( ﱡدَر َوُھَف ُهْنِم َسْيَل اَم اَذَھ اَنرْمَأ ِ يف َثَدْحَأ ْنَم .( ﱡدَر َوُھَف اَنِرْمَأ ِهْيَلَع َسْيَل ًلاَمَع َلِمَع ْنَم ) : ملسمل ةياور يفو .[ 1718: Translation Hadith Five On the authority of ‘A’isha (may Allah be pleased with her) who said: The messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "One who introduces (something of his own) in our affairs (affairs of religion) which does not (really) belong to it (religion of Islam) is reprobate (censured, not welcomed, rejected, unwanted)". Transmitted by al-Bukhari and Muslims. Another transmission by Muslims (says): "One who does a work which has no sanction (command) from us (such a work) is strongly condemned. 15
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