The Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology

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232 Roberto Castro Made for Men: Sexual Regulations of Courtship in a Rural Community'']. Debate Feminista 9: 237±66. Salcedo, Ana Leticia, and Carlos Alberto Prado. 1993. ``Proceso Migratorio Familiar como Factor de Riesgo en la DesnutricioÂ n del Preescolar Migrante en los CanÄ eros de Jalisco.'' [``Family Migration as Risk Factor of Malnutrition Among Cane Workers' Children in Jalisco'']. Pp. 353±82 in C. Denman, A. Escobar, C. Infante, F. J. Mercado, and L. Robles (eds.), Familia, Salud y Sociedad. Experiencias de InvestigacioÂ nen MeÂxico. Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara. Santos, RauÂ l. 1996. ``Socioeconomic Differentiation and Body Morphology in the Surui of Southwestern Amazonia.'' Current Anthropology 37: 851±6. Saucedo, Irma. 1996. ``Violencia DomeÂstica y Salud: ConceptualizacioÂ n y Datos que Existen en MeÂxico.'' [``Domestic Violence and Health: ExistingConcepts and Data in Mexico'']. Revista PerinatologõÂa y ReproduccioÂ n Humana 10: 100±10. Sasz, Ivonne, and Susana Lerner (eds.). 1992. Para Comprender la Subjetividad. InvestigacioÂ n Cualitativa en Salud Reproductiva y Sexualidad. Mexico City: El Colegio de MeÂxico. SSA. 1994. Encuesta Nacional de Salud II. MeÂxico: SecretarõÂa de Salud. ÐÐ . 1999. Programa de Reforma del Sector Salud, 1995±2000. MeÂxico: SecretarõÂa de Salud. Stern, Claudio. 1996. `Èl Embarazo en Adolescentes como Problema PuÂ blico: Una VisioÂ n CrõÂtica.'' [``Pregnancy among Adolescents as a Public Problem: A Critical View'']. Salud PuÂ blica de MeÂxico 39: 137±43. Tellez, Alberto. 1997. ``Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in the Human Population of Leon, Nicaragua.'' Acta TroÂ pica (Switzerland) 66: 119±25. Tetelboin, Carolina. 1994. `Èl Problema de los Recursos Humanos.'' [``The Problem of Human Resources in Health Services'']. Pp. 89±110 in A. C. Laurell (ed.), Nuevas Tendencias y Alternativas en el Sector Salud. MeÂxico: Universidad AutoÂ noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco. TunÄ oÂ n, Esperanza, and Claudia GuilleÂn. 1999. `Èmbarazo Adolescente en dos Generaciones de Madres TabasquenÄ as: Una ExploracioÂ n a sus Vivencias.'' [`Àdolescence Pregnancy in Two Generations of Mothers from Tabasco: An Exploration of their Lived-Experiences'']. In E. TunÄ oÂ n (ed.), GeÂnero y Salud en el Sureste de MeÂxico. San CristoÂ bal de las Casas: UADY-Ecosur (in press).
13 Social Science and Health in Brazil Everardo Duarte NunÄ es This chapter presents the principal aspects of the origin and development of medical sociology in Brazil, along with a short discussion of the country's health situation. I will also provide an overview of the discipline's antecedents in Brazil, along with the relationship between medical sociology's origin and the pedagogic practices that resulted from the Latin American Preventive Project. Finally, the main theoretical formulations that have been favored in Brazil and the recent interests of Brazilian researchers will also be introduced. In prior studies, I have characterized the significant aspects of the trajectory of Brazilian social science in health (Nunes 1986, 1991, 1997) and in this paper I have tried to place this trajectory in its context while focusingmore specifically on the development of medical sociology. General eneral Health ealth Characteristics haracteristics of Brazil razil Located in the central portion of South America, Brazil is a Federative Republic comprised of 26 states plus a federal district. The country was discovered by the Portuguese in 1500 and existed as a colony until independence in 1822, followed by its establishment as a republic in 1899. Brazil is a multi-racial society whose population in 1996 consisted of the followingpopulation groups: whites (55.2%), blacks (6%), mulatto or mixed race (38.2%), Asian (0.7%), and local Indian (0.2%). It is the fifth largest country in the world in area, with 8,547,404 square kilometers, and has a population of 157,079,573 (as of the 1996 census). Nine urban areas, considered together, hold about 30 percent of the country's total population. The first census carried out in 1872 showed a population of only 9,993,478 inhabitants. The birth rate has been steadily dropping, from an average of 6 children per woman of childbearing age in 1950, to 4 in the mid-
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The Blackwell Companion to Medical
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BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO SOCIOLOGY T
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Copyright # Blackwell Publishers Lt
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vi Contents 9 The Convergence and D
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Contributors Masahira Anesaki, Ph.D
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x Contributors Kristina Orfali, Ph.
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xii Preface Talcott Parsons in the
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Part I Substantive Topics
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4 William C. Cockerham By the end o
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6 William C. Cockerham and physicia
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8 William C. Cockerham of the ``neg
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10 William C. Cockerham values are
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12 William C. Cockerham their treat
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14 William C. Cockerham notably the
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16 William C. Cockerham poststructu
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18 William C. Cockerham determinist
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20 William C. Cockerham Callinicos,
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22 William C. Cockerham Ritzer, Geo
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24 Stella Quah values, beliefs, and
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26 Stella Quah 1951: 11) defined cu
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28 Stella Quah that culture might e
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30 Stella Quah health status were o
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32 Stella Quah cultural variations
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34 Stella Quah disease. However, ``
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36 Stella Quah amongothers. These a
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38 Stella Quah References Adler, Sh
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40 Stella Quah Ledesma, Rita V. 199
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42 Stella Quah ÐÐ. 1969. People i
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44 Sarah Nettleton sociology of emb
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46 Sarah Nettleton particularly med
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48 Sarah Nettleton Thus the body co
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50 Sarah Nettleton conventional ide
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52 Sarah Nettleton embodied social
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54 Sarah Nettleton ``re-embodiment.
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56 Sarah Nettleton social identity,
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58 Sarah Nettleton More knowledge,
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60 Sarah Nettleton undermine social
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62 Sarah Nettleton Featherstone, M.
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4 Health and Social Stratification
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66 Eero Lahelma mid-seventeenth cen
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68 Eero Lahelma evidence was obtain
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70 Eero Lahelma between countries.
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72 Eero Lahelma Occupational Classi
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74 Eero Lahelma live in families, h
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76 Eero Lahelma Table 4.2 ``Hard''
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78 Eero Lahelma Figure 4.3 Summary
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80 Eero Lahelma Table 4.3 Age-adjus
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82 Eero Lahelma Table 4.4 Mortality
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84 Eero Lahelma women there was a t
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86 Eero Lahelma largely accounts fo
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88 Eero Lahelma inequalities show a
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90 Eero Lahelma Cavelaars, AdrieÈn
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92 Eero Lahelma distribution of hea
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5 From Women's Health to a Gender A
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96 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas the
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98 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Thi
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100 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas th
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102 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas th
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104 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas 4
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106 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ge
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108 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Am
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110 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ar
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112 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ma
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6 Work Stress and Health Johannes S
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116 Johannes Siegrist terms of soci
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118 Johannes Siegrist high psycholo
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120 Johannes Siegrist Of the ten pr
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122 Johannes Siegrist stronger in m
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124 Johannes Siegrist Edwards, J. R
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7 Migration, Health, and Stress Jud
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128 Judith T. Shuval 1989; Hammar 1
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130 Judith T. Shuval (personal skil
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132 Judith T. Shuval But when migra
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134 Judith T. Shuval they are to en
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136 Judith T. Shuval adaptive funct
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138 Judith T. Shuval The prevailing
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140 Judith T. Shuval large numbers
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142 Judith T. Shuval Kritz, M. M.,
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8 Health Professions and Occupation
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146 Elianne Riska of its expertise
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148 Elianne Riska Figure 8.1 Theore
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150 Elianne Riska vanguard that wil
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152 Elianne Riska The body is seen
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154 Elianne Riska research has give
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156 Elianne Riska Fisher, Sue. 1986
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158 Elianne Riska Wilsford, David.
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160 Fred Stevens International nter
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162 Fred Stevens accessible for eve
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164 Fred Stevens provision of healt
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166 Fred Stevens actors: the medica
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168 Fred Stevens second-level hospi
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170 Fred Stevens issues of health a
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172 Fred Stevens in southern Europe
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174 Fred Stevens countries seem to
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176 Fred Stevens Selznick, Philip.
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The Americas
Page 197 and 198: The American Health Care System 181
Page 215 and 216: 11 The Evolution of Health Care in
Page 217 and 218: The Evolution of Health Care in Can
Page 231 and 232: Medical Sociology in Mexico 215 thi
Page 233 and 234: The aforementioned trend is an indi
Page 235 and 236: Medical Sociology in Mexico 219 poo
Page 237 and 238: Medical Sociology in Mexico 221 on
Page 239 and 240: Medical Sociology in Mexico 223 bee
Page 241 and 242: Medical Sociology in Mexico 225 Add
Page 243 and 244: Medical Sociology in Mexico 227 Bro
Page 245 and 246: Medical Sociology in Mexico 229 Ð
Page 247: Medical Sociology in Mexico 231 Ð
Page 251 and 252: Social Science and Health in Brazil
Page 261 and 262: Western Europe
Page 263 and 264: Medical Sociology in Great Britain
Page 279 and 280: 15 The French Paradoxes Kristina Or
Page 281 and 282: The French Paradoxes 265 Conditions
Page 283 and 284: The French Paradoxes 267 clearly th
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Page 293 and 294: The French Paradoxes 277 care insti
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The French Paradoxes 283 CREDOC. 19
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The French Paradoxes 285 Orfali, Kr
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16 Medical Sociology in Germany Ola
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Medical Sociology in Germany 289 al
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Medical Sociology in Germany 291 pr
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Medical Sociology in Germany 293 co
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Medical Sociology in Germany 295 Cl
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Medical Sociology in Germany 297 Sc
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Table 17.1 Sex-specific life expect
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Russia and Eastern Europe
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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In and Out of Communism 335 resourc
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In and Out of Communism 337 levels
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In and Out of Communism 339 fat ros
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In and Out of Communism 341 associa
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In and Out of Communism 343 Funds r
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In and Out of Communism 345 of empi
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20 Transformation of the Health Car
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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21 Health and Health Care in South
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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22 Health, Health Care, and Medical
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Table 22.1 Social characteristics o
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health and Health Care in Israel 41
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Table 23.1 Health status of immigra
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healthy'' or ``health is most impor
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24 Medicine and Health Care in Aust
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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25 Health, Illness, and Health Poli
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Health, Illness, and Health Policy
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Transformation of Health Care in th
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Abbott, Andrew, 149 Abbott, Pamela,
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Arvidsson, Ola, 311, 313 asbestos,
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health services to ethnic groups, 1
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Chu, K., 188 Chu, Li, 461 church, s
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professional home care, 172 smoking
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and culture, 26 health status in Au
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inequalities in life expectancy, 10
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government involvement, 163, 164±9
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Hull, D., 131 Human Genome Project,
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job stress, 104, 114±23 Johanet, G
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United States, 101, 300, 430 life s
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symbolic interaction, 8 United Stat
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Israel, 413, 414 Jordan, 407 moveme
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poverty Africa, 370 Brazil, 235±6
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Sanborn, K. O., 31 Sandbach, F. R.,
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Britain, 247, 248 culture, 23, 25,
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Tetelboin, Carolina, 222 Thailand,
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water pollution, 350 Watson, J., 51
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