The Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology

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506 Index mortality (cont.) Sweden, 82, 84, 298, 300, 301, 305±6, 313 Switzerland, 82, 84 unemployed, 269 Wales, 82, 84 see also infant mortality; maternal mortality Mossialos, Elias, 162, 172 Mott, Frederick D., 200 movement, as basic human need, 25 Mozambique, 368, 370, 371 Muecke, Marjorie A., 135 MuÈ hlhauser, I., 291 Mulcahy, Linda, 253 MuÈ ller, P., 291, 293 multiculturalization, 13 multiple sclerosis, 53 Munakata, T., 443, 445 MuÈ nch, Richard, 16, 18 Munroe-Blum, H., 132 Murard, Lion, 264, 274 Murcott, Anne, 248, 249 murder, 100 musculo-skeletal disorders, 70, 119 Mustard, Fraser, 206 myocardial infarctions, 97, 263, 269 Naidoo, S., 378, 379 Najman, Jake M., 71 Nakahara, Toshitaka, 168, 169 Namibia, 368 narrative reconstruction, 54, 257 Nathanson, Constance A., 104, 106, 307 nation-state, 127 National Institutes of Health (USA), 3 Nationella folkhaÈlsokommitteÂn, 312 Native Americans, 36 natural selection, 67 naturopathy, 435 Navarro, Vicente, 10, 220, 221 Nave, Giora, 414 Naylor, C. David, 201, 202, 206, 374 Nazarova, Inna, 323, 324, 325, 326, 328 Nemtsov, Alexander, 326 neo-liberalism, 430 neo-Marxist theory, 145, 147±8 neo-system theory, 145, 148, 149 neo-Weberian theory, 145, 147, 148 Nepal, gender differences in mortality, 102 NesvatbovaÂ, L., 359 Netherlands associations membership, 303 educational differences in illness, 307 GP role, 160, 168 health care system, 160, 161, 162, 165 health inequalities, 83, 84 Hofstede's value orientations, 171 institutional care, 172 medical profession, 154, 160 mortality, 303 professional home care, 172 smoking, 305 work stress, 123 Nettleton, Sarah, 15, 44, 47, 51, 55, 59, 154 Neuman, P., 189 neurotic disorders gender differences, 105 Japan, 443±4, 445 New Brunswick, 209 New Genetics, 57±8, 247 A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians, 205 New, Peter Kong-Ming, 470 New Poor Law Act (1834) (Britain), 66 new reproductive technologies (NRTs), 57 New York Times, 194 New Zealand, 194 Newhouse, J. P., 189 NHSE, 253 NHSME, 253 Nickel, S., 292 Niebrugge-Brantley, Jil, 15 Nigenda, Gustavo, 221, 224 Niger, 368, 370 Nirel, Nurit, 413, 414 Nitcher, Mark, 33±4 Nixon, Richard, 183 Nogueira, R. P., 239 Noh, S., 137 Nordic Medical Associations, 150 Norheim, Arne Johan, 36 Noriega, Mariano, 220 normlessness, state of, 6 norms, 6, 9±10 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 222 Northcott, Herbert A., 204 Norway alcohol use, 304, 311 educational levels, 302 GP role, 168 health care system, 165 health inequalities, 82, 83, 84, 86, 108 Hofstede's value orientations, 171 income inequality, 303 institutional care, 172 mortality, 82, 84, 303 non-manual workers, 302 pragmatic acculturation, 36 primary health care, 310 professional home care, 172 smoking, 305 women physicians, 150 numerator±denominator bias, 70, 76 NunÄ es, Everardo Duarte, 233, 237, 241 nursingcare, taboo bodily functions, 55 nursinghomes, 106, 171±2 Sweden, 308, 310±11 nursingprofession, 149, 151, 153 Africa, 371 Australia, 435 changing role of, 160
Israel, 413, 414 Jordan, 407 movement into higher education in Britain, 248±9 physician±nurse ratios, 171 Russia, 327, 328 Sweden, 308, 309, 310 Oakley, Ann, 44, 55, 96, 149 obesity, 337, 382 O'Brien, P., 127, 128, 129 occupational rewards, 118±19, 120±1, 122, 291 occupational stress, 104, 114±23 O'Donnell, Guillermo, 240 OECD see Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Office of National Statistics (ONS), 97, 101, 106, 107, 108, 253 Olesen, Virginia L., 15 Oliver, Mike, 256 Oman, medical schools, 403, 406 Omran, Abdel R., 397 OMS, 238 onchoceriasis, 400 O'Neill, Michael, 209 ONS see Office of National Statistics (ONS) OPAS, 235, 238 OPCS, 106, 256 OPEC, 452 Oppong, J., 136 order, postmodernism, 16 The Order of Things, 27 O'Reilly, K., 72 Oreskovic, S., 293 Orfali, Kristina, 277, 279 organ transplantation, 44, 58, 254 Organization of Arabic Oil Exporting Countries, 452 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 160, 169, 192, 194, 288, 416 Ort-Gomer, K., 122 Ortales, Sergio, 220 Ortega, M., 222 Oscarson, Renee, 169, 173 Osipov, Geenady, 321 Osipova, E. A., 321 Osler, Merete, 303 OÈ stberg, Viveca, 305 osteopathy, 151, 434 Ostrowska, Antonina, 334, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344 Otterblad-Olausson, Petra, 305 Our Healthier Nation, 255 overcommitment, 119 Owen, Clive, 87 Oxfam, 370 Paillet, Anne, 279 pain, 33, 50, 51 Pakistan Index 507 gender differences in mortality, 102 Muslim population, 394 palliative care, 266 Palmblad, Eva, 311 Palmer, G., 430 Palmer, N., 378 Palosuo, Hannele, 64, 322, 324, 325, 326 Pan American Health Organization, 238 Pan American Sanitary Department, 237 Panter-Brick, Catherine, 401 Paoli, P., 115 parasitic diseases, 399±400 malaria, 33, 136, 368, 369, 399, 458 schistosomiasis, 399, 458, 465, 475 n parent±child roles, 5±6 parenthood, 100±1, 107 Park, R., 132 Parker, Gillian, 253 Parkin, Frank, 151 Parmelee, Donna E., 465 Parsons, Talcott, 18, 163, 236, 238, 344 culture, 25±6, 37 seekingof technically competent help, 29, 33 sick role concept, 5±6, 7, 28, 29, 33, 292, 398 social relationships in traditional societies, 397 theory on professions, 145 value-orientations, 26, 36 participant observation, 7, 8, 9 passion, control of, 46 Pasteur, Louis, 264 Patai, Raphael, 393 pathological medicine, 46 pathophysiological influences, 78 patient choice, 160, 161 patient participation, 160, 173 patients Australia, 433±4, 436 Czech Republic, 356±9, 360 France, 275±8 health care systems structure, 164±9 Israel, 424 medical sociology support for, 4 Poland, 340, 342±3 scrutiny of physician's decisions, 12 see also physician±patient relationship Patient's Charter (Britain), 253 Patient's Charter (Czech Republic), 357 patriarchy, 97±8, 99, 104, 149, 153 Paul, Benjamin, 26 Payer, Lynn, 170 Pearlin, L. I., 130 Peking Review, 460 Pekkanen, Juha, 87 Peneff, Jean, 280 PeraÈkylaÈ, Anssi, 146 perception, 17, 52 Pereira, J. C. de M., 240 Pereira, L., 239 Peres, Yochanan, 414, 415
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The Blackwell Companion to Medical
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BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO SOCIOLOGY T
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Copyright # Blackwell Publishers Lt
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vi Contents 9 The Convergence and D
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Contributors Masahira Anesaki, Ph.D
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x Contributors Kristina Orfali, Ph.
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xii Preface Talcott Parsons in the
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Part I Substantive Topics
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4 William C. Cockerham By the end o
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6 William C. Cockerham and physicia
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8 William C. Cockerham of the ``neg
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10 William C. Cockerham values are
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12 William C. Cockerham their treat
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14 William C. Cockerham notably the
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16 William C. Cockerham poststructu
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18 William C. Cockerham determinist
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20 William C. Cockerham Callinicos,
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22 William C. Cockerham Ritzer, Geo
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24 Stella Quah values, beliefs, and
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26 Stella Quah 1951: 11) defined cu
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28 Stella Quah that culture might e
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30 Stella Quah health status were o
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32 Stella Quah cultural variations
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34 Stella Quah disease. However, ``
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36 Stella Quah amongothers. These a
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38 Stella Quah References Adler, Sh
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40 Stella Quah Ledesma, Rita V. 199
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42 Stella Quah ÐÐ. 1969. People i
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44 Sarah Nettleton sociology of emb
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46 Sarah Nettleton particularly med
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48 Sarah Nettleton Thus the body co
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50 Sarah Nettleton conventional ide
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52 Sarah Nettleton embodied social
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54 Sarah Nettleton ``re-embodiment.
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56 Sarah Nettleton social identity,
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58 Sarah Nettleton More knowledge,
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60 Sarah Nettleton undermine social
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62 Sarah Nettleton Featherstone, M.
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4 Health and Social Stratification
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66 Eero Lahelma mid-seventeenth cen
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68 Eero Lahelma evidence was obtain
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70 Eero Lahelma between countries.
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72 Eero Lahelma Occupational Classi
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74 Eero Lahelma live in families, h
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76 Eero Lahelma Table 4.2 ``Hard''
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78 Eero Lahelma Figure 4.3 Summary
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80 Eero Lahelma Table 4.3 Age-adjus
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82 Eero Lahelma Table 4.4 Mortality
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84 Eero Lahelma women there was a t
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86 Eero Lahelma largely accounts fo
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88 Eero Lahelma inequalities show a
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90 Eero Lahelma Cavelaars, AdrieÈn
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92 Eero Lahelma distribution of hea
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5 From Women's Health to a Gender A
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96 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas the
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98 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Thi
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100 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas th
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102 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas th
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104 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas 4
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106 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ge
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108 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Am
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110 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ar
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112 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ma
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6 Work Stress and Health Johannes S
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116 Johannes Siegrist terms of soci
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118 Johannes Siegrist high psycholo
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120 Johannes Siegrist Of the ten pr
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122 Johannes Siegrist stronger in m
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124 Johannes Siegrist Edwards, J. R
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7 Migration, Health, and Stress Jud
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128 Judith T. Shuval 1989; Hammar 1
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130 Judith T. Shuval (personal skil
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132 Judith T. Shuval But when migra
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134 Judith T. Shuval they are to en
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136 Judith T. Shuval adaptive funct
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138 Judith T. Shuval The prevailing
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140 Judith T. Shuval large numbers
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142 Judith T. Shuval Kritz, M. M.,
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8 Health Professions and Occupation
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146 Elianne Riska of its expertise
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148 Elianne Riska Figure 8.1 Theore
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150 Elianne Riska vanguard that wil
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152 Elianne Riska The body is seen
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154 Elianne Riska research has give
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156 Elianne Riska Fisher, Sue. 1986
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158 Elianne Riska Wilsford, David.
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160 Fred Stevens International nter
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162 Fred Stevens accessible for eve
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164 Fred Stevens provision of healt
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166 Fred Stevens actors: the medica
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168 Fred Stevens second-level hospi
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170 Fred Stevens issues of health a
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172 Fred Stevens in southern Europe
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174 Fred Stevens countries seem to
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176 Fred Stevens Selznick, Philip.
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The Americas
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The American Health Care System 181
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11 The Evolution of Health Care in
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The Evolution of Health Care in Can
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 215 thi
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The aforementioned trend is an indi
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 219 poo
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 221 on
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 223 bee
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 225 Add
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 227 Bro
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 229 Ð
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 231 Ð
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13 Social Science and Health in Bra
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Social Science and Health in Brazil
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Western Europe
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Medical Sociology in Great Britain
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15 The French Paradoxes Kristina Or
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The French Paradoxes 265 Conditions
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The French Paradoxes 267 clearly th
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The link between unemployment and h
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The French Paradoxes 271 of deaths
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there are also a great many occupat
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The French Paradoxes 275 since 1994
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The French Paradoxes 277 care insti
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The French Paradoxes 279 as a field
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The French Paradoxes 281 3 Active l
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The French Paradoxes 283 CREDOC. 19
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The French Paradoxes 285 Orfali, Kr
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16 Medical Sociology in Germany Ola
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Medical Sociology in Germany 289 al
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Medical Sociology in Germany 291 pr
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Medical Sociology in Germany 293 co
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Medical Sociology in Germany 295 Cl
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Medical Sociology in Germany 297 Sc
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Table 17.1 Sex-specific life expect
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Russia and Eastern Europe
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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In and Out of Communism 335 resourc
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In and Out of Communism 337 levels
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In and Out of Communism 339 fat ros
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In and Out of Communism 341 associa
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In and Out of Communism 343 Funds r
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In and Out of Communism 345 of empi
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20 Transformation of the Health Car
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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21 Health and Health Care in South
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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22 Health, Health Care, and Medical
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Table 22.1 Social characteristics o
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health and Health Care in Israel 41
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Table 23.1 Health status of immigra
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healthy'' or ``health is most impor
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24 Medicine and Health Care in Aust
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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25 Health, Illness, and Health Poli
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Health, Illness, and Health Policy
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Page 471 and 472: Health, Illness, and Health Policy
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Page 499 and 500: Abbott, Andrew, 149 Abbott, Pamela,
Page 501 and 502: Arvidsson, Ola, 311, 313 asbestos,
Page 503 and 504: health services to ethnic groups, 1
Page 505 and 506: Chu, K., 188 Chu, Li, 461 church, s
Page 507 and 508: professional home care, 172 smoking
Page 509 and 510: and culture, 26 health status in Au
Page 511 and 512: inequalities in life expectancy, 10
Page 513 and 514: government involvement, 163, 164±9
Page 515 and 516: Hull, D., 131 Human Genome Project,
Page 517 and 518: job stress, 104, 114±23 Johanet, G
Page 519 and 520: United States, 101, 300, 430 life s
Page 521: symbolic interaction, 8 United Stat
Page 525 and 526: poverty Africa, 370 Brazil, 235±6
Page 527 and 528: Sanborn, K. O., 31 Sandbach, F. R.,
Page 529 and 530: Britain, 247, 248 culture, 23, 25,
Page 531 and 532: Tetelboin, Carolina, 222 Thailand,
Page 533 and 534: water pollution, 350 Watson, J., 51
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