494 Index Foucault, Michel (cont.) culture, 27, 37 development of the clinic, 274, 279 discourse analysis, 240, 280 disease, 14 disregard of agency, 16 knowledge/power, 14, 15, 16 medical power, 14, 152±3, 431 medical profession, 152±3 western biomedicine, 35 Fourie, A., 372, 374 Fourie, J., 382 Fournier, Pierre, 34 Fox, A. J., 271 Fox, John, 79 Fox, Nicholas, 16, 152, 251, 257 Fox, Rene, 28, 36 fragmentation, 16 Fragoso, Ana, 222 France, 263±81 African missionaries, 366 alcohol use, 263, 265, 267, 269, 270, 271, 304±5 alternative medicine, 273 cancers, 269, 270, 275±6, 280 cardiovascular diseases, 263, 267, 269 confidentiality, 276 diet, 263 divorce rate, 415 educational levels, 302 elderly, 280 fertility rate, 415 gender disparities, 269±70 general practitioners, 273 health care system, 165, 266, 272±80 health expenditure per capita, 264 health inequalities, 83, 84 heart disease, 263 high-risk behaviors, 267±9 HIV/AIDS, 268, 269, 276±8, 281n hospitals, 264, 273, 280, 281n illegal immigrants, 128 infant mortality, 264, 267, 270, 271 informed consent, 276 institutional care, 172 life expectancy, 263±4, 267, 270±1, 298 marriage rate, 415 medical culture, 170 medical profession, 275±6, 279 medical sociology, 264, 278±80 mortality, 82, 83, 84, 85, 269±71 non-manual workers, 302 patient access <strong>to</strong> medical charts, 275, 276 perception of health problems, 264±7 physicians, 273, 275±6, 279, 327 postmodernism, 16 professional home care, 172 public health policy, 264, 266, 274±8 smoking, 263, 265, 267±8, 270, 305 social demography of health, 264±72 social and regional disparities, 270±2 state involvement in health care system, 272, 273±5 unemployment, 265±6, 269 women physicians, 150 Frank, A., 49±50 Frank, Arthur W., 257 Frank, John, 206, 207 Frankford, D. M., 193 free will, 6 Freidson, Eliot, 6, 8, 11, 35, 146±7, 148, 151, 182 French Jr., J. P. R., 129 Frenk, Julio, 215, 217, 221±2 Freud, Sigmund, 5±6 Freund, Peter, 9, 60, 256 Frick, Kaj, 312 Frideres, James S., 206 Fritzell, Johan, 86 frustration, 116 Fuhrer, Rebecca, 104 Fuller, Colleen, 200, 204, 209 functional processes, 6 functionalist theory, 145, 148, 153, 238, 240 see also structural±functionalism Fyle, C. M., 366, 370, 371 Gabe, Jonathan, 15, 57, 250 Gabel, J. R., 186, 191 Gaete, J. E., 238 Gaigher, R., 378 gain sharing models, 122 Gallagher, Eugene, 160, 170, 397, 398, 399, 404, 405 Garbe, E., 136 Garbe, S., 136 GarcõÂa, J. C., 237, 238 Garcia, Jo, 96 GardunÄ o, MarõÂa, 225 Garfinkel, Harold, 53 Garland, Neal T., 168, 169 Garza Toledo, E. de, 237 gastro-intestinal diseases, 383 Geertsen, R., 31 Geertz, Clifford, 240 Geiler, H., 119 Gelfand, M., 367 gender alcohol use, 101, 103, 105 analysis of health, 99±100 Arab medical education, 405±6 differences in care establishments, 106 differences in morbidity, 104±5, 301 disability, 105, 106 effect on mortality, 101±3, 269, 300, 313 explanations of differences, 103±4 health care work, 149±50 health inequalities, 75, 87, 94±109, 250 health inequalities in France, 269±70 health inequalities in Germany, 291 health inequalities in Israel, 417±19 illness behavior, 97
inequalities in life expectancy, 101±3, 288±9, 298, 299 as a life chance, 12 and the life course, 100±1 Russian self-evaluation of health, 324 smoking, 103, 305, 307, 313 social determination of, 68 social structure, 104, 106±8 work stress, 121±2 see also men; women gene theory, 152 gene therapy, 49 general practitioners Australia, 432, 434 British research, 250 France, 273 gatekeeper role, 165, 168 health care systems structure, 164±9 purchase of hospital services in UK, 160 role in Britain, 160, 165, 168, 194 role in Netherlands, 160, 168 Russia, 323, 328 General Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain, 66 ``generalized other'' concept, 8 genetic disease, 400 genetic engineering, 254 genetics, 57±8, 78, 247, 250 George, J., 430, 432, 436 Gerhardt, Uta, 4, 6, 25, 67, 292 germ theory, 152, 183 German Cardiovascular Prevention Study, 291 Germany, 287±94 African missionaries, 366 cancers, 289, 291 cardiovascular diseases, 289, 291 chronic diseases, 292±3 doc<strong>to</strong>r visits, 419 educational differences in illness, 307 government role in early health care system, 182 health care system, 161, 165, 287±8, 293 health expenditure as share of GDP, 288 health inequalities, 66±7, 83, 84, 290±2 health status of population, 288±9 hospitals, 287±8 illegal immigrants, 128 infant mortality, 288 infectious diseases, 288 institutional care, 172 life expectancy, 288±9, 335 medical culture, 170 medical sociology, 289±94 mortality, 289 physicians, 287±8, 327 smoking, 291, 305 unemployment, 291 women physicians, 150 work absenteeism, 289 Index 495 work stress, 123 xenophobia, 137 Germov, J., 431 Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung, 287 Geyer, S., 291, 292 Ghana, 368, 371 Ghazella, Iman, 407 GHIC, 354, 355 Ghubash, Rafia, 407 Giarchi, George Giacin<strong>to</strong>, 171 Giddens, Anthony agency, 16, 18 body, 48, 247, 254 embodied self, 53 social reflexivity, 48, 56, 247, 251±2 structure, 18 uncertainty, 43, 48 GIFT, 57 Gill, P., 369 Gilljam, Hans, 310 Gilmer, T., 184, 191 Gilson, L., 371 Ginn, Jay, 99, 100, 106, 108 Ginsburg, P. B., 191 Ginzberg, Eli, 160 Gitelman, Z., 134 Glaser, Barney G., 7±8 Glassner, Barry, 16 Glennon, Cheryl D., 34 global budget, 184 global inequality, 127 globalization, 127, 251 Gluckman Commission (1944), 373 Gniazdowski, Andrzej, 344 Goering, P., 194 Goffman, Erving, 37, 154, 255 handlingof body, 48, 53 power of western biomedicine, 35 stigma, 8, 27 symbolic interaction, 7, 27 theory on professions, 146 <strong>to</strong>tal institutions, 8 Gold, M. R., 185, 186, 187, 188 Goldberg, David M., 263 Go mez-DanteÂz, HeÂc<strong>to</strong>r, 225 Go mez-DanteÂz, Octavio, 222 GoncËalves, R. B. M., 239 Gonnet, FrancËoise, 280 GonzaÂlez, Soledad, 225 GonzaÂlez-Block, Miguel Angel, 222 Good, C. M., 366 Gorbachov, Mikhail, 322 Gorbachova, Ada, 320 Gorczycka, Ewa, 344 Gordon, Christine, 203 Gordon, M., 131, 132 Goskomstat, 320 Gove, Walter R., 418 governments, health care systems structure, 163, 164±9, 172, 173 Graham, Hilary, 60, 96, 253
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The Blackwell Companion to Medical
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BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO SOCIOLOGY T
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Copyright # Blackwell Publishers Lt
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vi Contents 9 The Convergence and D
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Contributors Masahira Anesaki, Ph.D
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x Contributors Kristina Orfali, Ph.
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xii Preface Talcott Parsons in the
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Part I Substantive Topics
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4 William C. Cockerham By the end o
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6 William C. Cockerham and physicia
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8 William C. Cockerham of the ``neg
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10 William C. Cockerham values are
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12 William C. Cockerham their treat
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14 William C. Cockerham notably the
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16 William C. Cockerham poststructu
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18 William C. Cockerham determinist
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20 William C. Cockerham Callinicos,
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22 William C. Cockerham Ritzer, Geo
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24 Stella Quah values, beliefs, and
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26 Stella Quah 1951: 11) defined cu
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28 Stella Quah that culture might e
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30 Stella Quah health status were o
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32 Stella Quah cultural variations
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34 Stella Quah disease. However, ``
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36 Stella Quah amongothers. These a
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38 Stella Quah References Adler, Sh
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40 Stella Quah Ledesma, Rita V. 199
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42 Stella Quah ÐÐ. 1969. People i
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44 Sarah Nettleton sociology of emb
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46 Sarah Nettleton particularly med
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48 Sarah Nettleton Thus the body co
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50 Sarah Nettleton conventional ide
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52 Sarah Nettleton embodied social
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54 Sarah Nettleton ``re-embodiment.
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56 Sarah Nettleton social identity,
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58 Sarah Nettleton More knowledge,
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60 Sarah Nettleton undermine social
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62 Sarah Nettleton Featherstone, M.
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4 Health and Social Stratification
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66 Eero Lahelma mid-seventeenth cen
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68 Eero Lahelma evidence was obtain
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70 Eero Lahelma between countries.
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72 Eero Lahelma Occupational Classi
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74 Eero Lahelma live in families, h
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76 Eero Lahelma Table 4.2 ``Hard''
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78 Eero Lahelma Figure 4.3 Summary
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80 Eero Lahelma Table 4.3 Age-adjus
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82 Eero Lahelma Table 4.4 Mortality
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84 Eero Lahelma women there was a t
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86 Eero Lahelma largely accounts fo
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88 Eero Lahelma inequalities show a
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90 Eero Lahelma Cavelaars, AdrieÈn
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92 Eero Lahelma distribution of hea
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5 From Women's Health to a Gender A
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96 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas the
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98 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Thi
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100 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas th
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102 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas th
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104 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas 4
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106 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ge
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108 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Am
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110 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ar
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112 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ma
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6 Work Stress and Health Johannes S
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116 Johannes Siegrist terms of soci
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118 Johannes Siegrist high psycholo
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120 Johannes Siegrist Of the ten pr
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122 Johannes Siegrist stronger in m
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124 Johannes Siegrist Edwards, J. R
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7 Migration, Health, and Stress Jud
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128 Judith T. Shuval 1989; Hammar 1
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130 Judith T. Shuval (personal skil
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132 Judith T. Shuval But when migra
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134 Judith T. Shuval they are to en
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136 Judith T. Shuval adaptive funct
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138 Judith T. Shuval The prevailing
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140 Judith T. Shuval large numbers
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142 Judith T. Shuval Kritz, M. M.,
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8 Health Professions and Occupation
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146 Elianne Riska of its expertise
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148 Elianne Riska Figure 8.1 Theore
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150 Elianne Riska vanguard that wil
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152 Elianne Riska The body is seen
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154 Elianne Riska research has give
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156 Elianne Riska Fisher, Sue. 1986
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158 Elianne Riska Wilsford, David.
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160 Fred Stevens International nter
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162 Fred Stevens accessible for eve
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164 Fred Stevens provision of healt
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166 Fred Stevens actors: the medica
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168 Fred Stevens second-level hospi
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170 Fred Stevens issues of health a
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172 Fred Stevens in southern Europe
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174 Fred Stevens countries seem to
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176 Fred Stevens Selznick, Philip.
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The Americas
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The American Health Care System 181
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The American Health Care System 183
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The American Health Care System 197
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11 The Evolution of Health Care in
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The Evolution of Health Care in Can
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The Evolution of Health Care in Can
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The Evolution of Health Care in Can
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 215 thi
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The aforementioned trend is an indi
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Western Europe
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Medical Sociology in Great Britain
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15 The French Paradoxes Kristina Or
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The French Paradoxes 265 Conditions
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The French Paradoxes 267 clearly th
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The link between unemployment and h
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The French Paradoxes 271 of deaths
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there are also a great many occupat
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The French Paradoxes 275 since 1994
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The French Paradoxes 277 care insti
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The French Paradoxes 279 as a field
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The French Paradoxes 281 3 Active l
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The French Paradoxes 283 CREDOC. 19
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The French Paradoxes 285 Orfali, Kr
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16 Medical Sociology in Germany Ola
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Medical Sociology in Germany 289 al
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Table 17.1 Sex-specific life expect
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Russia and Eastern Europe
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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In and Out of Communism 335 resourc
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In and Out of Communism 337 levels
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In and Out of Communism 339 fat ros
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In and Out of Communism 341 associa
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In and Out of Communism 343 Funds r
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In and Out of Communism 345 of empi
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20 Transformation of the Health Car
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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21 Health and Health Care in South
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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22 Health, Health Care, and Medical
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Table 22.1 Social characteristics o
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health and Health Care in Israel 41
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Table 23.1 Health status of immigra
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healthy'' or ``health is most impor
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Health and Health Care in Israel 41
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Health and Health Care in Israel 41
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Health and Health Care in Israel 42
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24 Medicine and Health Care in Aust
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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25 Health, Illness, and Health Poli
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