492 Index eastern Europe (cont.) health care delivery system, 11 migration, 127 Easthope, G., 434, 435 eatingdisorders, 135 eating, ways of, 47 Ebers Papyrus, 366 Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), 367, 368, 371 Economy and Society, 24 Ecuador, 237 education Algeria, 395 Arab world, 395, 397 Czech Republic, 348 Egypt, 395, 397 health inequalities, 71, 73, 74±5, 77, 82, 84, 85 health inequalities in Britain, 107 health inequalities in Finland, 79, 80 health inequalities in Sweden, 306, 307, 312±13 illness behavior, 32±3 international comparisons, 302 Lebanon, 395 mortality, 80, 82 Poland, 335, 336 and smoking, 85 see also medical education/schools Edwards, J., 57 Edwards, J. R., 117, 119, 122 efficiency, 161±2 effort±reward imbalance model, 118±19, 120±1, 122, 291 egoistic suicide, 6 Egypt Arab Christians, 394 demographic/health characteristics, 396 distinctive niche in Arab world, 394 divorce rate, 415 education, 395, 397 female genital cutting, 100 fertility rate, 415 health expenditure, 397, 402 hospitals, 402 infant mortality, 396 Islamic organizations, 402 life expectancy, 396 marriage rate, 415 maternal mortality, 396 medical schools, 403 private health sec<strong>to</strong>r, 402 social characteristics, 395 Egyptians, ancient, 365±6 Ehrenreich, Barbara, 149 Eisbenschutz, Catalina, 222 elderly, 159 Arab world, 394±7 Canada, 172, 207 Czech Republic, 348, 358 France, 280 institutional care, 172 Israel, 416 Japan, 169, 453, 454 Russia, 329 South Africa, 375 Sweden, 308, 310±11, 313 symbolic interaction, 8 United States, 172, 182, 189, 190 Elias, N., 47, 49, 55 elites, 7, 10 Elkeles, T., 291 Ellansky, Yuri, 323 Ellison, R. Curtis, 264 Elstad, Jon Ivar, 59, 70 Emami, Abbas, 303 embodiment, sociology of, 44, 51±3, 59±60 emotions class position, 59 experience of illness, 255, 257 negative, 59 responses <strong>to</strong> stress, 116 social construction of, 15 sociology of the body/embodiment, 14, 51, 59, 60 symbolic interaction, 9 emphysema, 436 employment status health inequalities, 71, 72, 74±5, 79, 80, 86, 87, 269 migrants, 133 see also unemployment Emslie, Carol, 103, 108, 307 end-of-life decisions, 266 Engel, G. L., 138 Engels, Frederick, 254 England divorce rate, 415 fertility rate, 415 marriage rate, 415 mortality, 82, 84, 85 physicians, 327 English, Deirdre, 149 Engstrom, Elyne, 220 EnqueÃte SanteÂ, 263 EnqueÃte Simon, 268 Ensel, W. M., 130 Enthoven, A. C., 184 environmental deterioration, 126±7 environmental pollution, 337, 350 environmental risks, 265 Epp, Jake, 206 equilibrium, 7 equity, 161±2, 173 Erikson, Robert, 68, 306 Eroza, Enrique, 225 EÂ tats GeÂneÂraux de la SanteÂ, 275±6, 278, 281n ethics, 58 Ethiopia, 370, 371, 412 ethnic honor, 12 ethnicity Aboriginal people, 429, 436±7
and culture, 26 health status in Australia, 436±7 illness behavior, 31±3, 256 as a life chance, 12 medical research, 28 provision of health services, 138 Roma gypsies in Czech Republic, 358±9 Weber's concept of ethnic group, 24 ethnographic studies, 280 ethnomethodology, 7, 9, 53, 344 eugenics, 67 European Union costs of stress, 115 public health role, 266 euthanasia, 44, 266 Evandrou, Maria, 101 Evans, Paul, 240 Evans, Robert G., 163, 164, 166, 203, 205, 206, 207 Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) movement, 206 ``evil eye,'' 401, 404 Evin, Claude, 276 Evin law, 267±8 exercise, 254 eastern Europe, 17 as explanation for health inequalities, 69 Israel, 419 as lifestyle choice, 12 Poland, 338 Russia, 323, 325±6 Sweden, 312 experience, 17, 52±3 expertise, 14, 145, 146 eyesight problems, 329 Fabrega, Horacio, 32 fairness, 118 Falle<strong>to</strong>, E., 237 families illness behavior, 29, 32, 35 Israel, 415±16 Polish studies on, 344 family background, deviant behavior, 9 Family Health Program (Brazil), 235 family planning, 137, 139, 407 see also contraception family reunification policies, 127 family roles, 107 Fanshen: A Documentary of Revolution in a Chinese Village, 456 Farr, William, 66 Farrant, Wendy, 203 Fassil, Yohannes, 135 Fassin, Didier, 275 Fawcett, J. T., 127±8 Feachem, R., 350 Feathers<strong>to</strong>ne, M., 48, 55, 57 federalism, 287 Fee, Elizabeth, 67 ``feedingdependency,'' 398 Index 493 female circumcision, 27, 100 female emancipation hypothesis, 103 female foeticide, 102 female genital cutting (FGC), 27, 100 femininity, 171 feminism, 15, 27, 45 health professions, 145, 148, 149±50, 153 informal care, 253 medicine's control of bodies of women, 44 structural inequalities in health, 107 women's subjective experience, 98 Feng, Xueshan, 459, 460, 467, 468 Fennell, Mary, 160 Ferreira, M. A. F., 241 Ferrocarilles Nacionales, 219 fertility, 45 Arab world, 394, 396, 397, 415 Australia, 430 international comparisons, 415 Fetter, B., 366, 367, 368 fetus, image of, 50±1 Field, David, 248, 249, 250, 255, 257 Field, Mark G., 11, 13, 136, 173, 329 Figueras, Josep, 161, 162, 165, 170, 171, 172, 173±4 Figueroa, Juan Guillermo, 225 figurational sociology, 47 Filed, M. G., 370 FINEP, 239 Finland alcohol use, 311 cardiovascular diseases, 85±6 gender differences in health, 105 health care system, 165 health inequalities, 67, 79±81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 105 Hofstede's value orientations, 171 income inequality, 303 institutional care, 172 life expectancy, 79±80, 81, 300 mortality, 79±81, 82, 83, 84, 85±6 non-manual workers, 302, 314n professional home care, 172 smoking, 305 women physicians, 150 work stress, 123 Firkowska-Mankiewicz, Anna, 337 Fisher, Sue, 15, 152 Flaherty, J. A., 136 Fleming, D. M., 168 flexibility, 49 Flexner Report, 181 Flood, A. B., 194 Floyd, L., 380, 385 Flynn, Rob, 252, 253 Fonnebo, Vinjar, 36 Ford, Graham, 99, 107 Forschungsverbund DHP, 291 Foucault, Michel, 154, 238 analysis of the body, 14, 15, 46, 431
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The Blackwell Companion to Medical
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BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO SOCIOLOGY T
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Copyright # Blackwell Publishers Lt
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vi Contents 9 The Convergence and D
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Contributors Masahira Anesaki, Ph.D
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x Contributors Kristina Orfali, Ph.
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xii Preface Talcott Parsons in the
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Part I Substantive Topics
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4 William C. Cockerham By the end o
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6 William C. Cockerham and physicia
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8 William C. Cockerham of the ``neg
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10 William C. Cockerham values are
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12 William C. Cockerham their treat
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14 William C. Cockerham notably the
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16 William C. Cockerham poststructu
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18 William C. Cockerham determinist
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20 William C. Cockerham Callinicos,
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22 William C. Cockerham Ritzer, Geo
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24 Stella Quah values, beliefs, and
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26 Stella Quah 1951: 11) defined cu
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28 Stella Quah that culture might e
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30 Stella Quah health status were o
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32 Stella Quah cultural variations
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34 Stella Quah disease. However, ``
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36 Stella Quah amongothers. These a
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38 Stella Quah References Adler, Sh
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40 Stella Quah Ledesma, Rita V. 199
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42 Stella Quah ÐÐ. 1969. People i
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44 Sarah Nettleton sociology of emb
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46 Sarah Nettleton particularly med
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48 Sarah Nettleton Thus the body co
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50 Sarah Nettleton conventional ide
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52 Sarah Nettleton embodied social
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54 Sarah Nettleton ``re-embodiment.
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56 Sarah Nettleton social identity,
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58 Sarah Nettleton More knowledge,
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60 Sarah Nettleton undermine social
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62 Sarah Nettleton Featherstone, M.
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4 Health and Social Stratification
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66 Eero Lahelma mid-seventeenth cen
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68 Eero Lahelma evidence was obtain
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70 Eero Lahelma between countries.
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72 Eero Lahelma Occupational Classi
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74 Eero Lahelma live in families, h
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76 Eero Lahelma Table 4.2 ``Hard''
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78 Eero Lahelma Figure 4.3 Summary
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80 Eero Lahelma Table 4.3 Age-adjus
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82 Eero Lahelma Table 4.4 Mortality
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84 Eero Lahelma women there was a t
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86 Eero Lahelma largely accounts fo
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88 Eero Lahelma inequalities show a
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90 Eero Lahelma Cavelaars, AdrieÈn
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92 Eero Lahelma distribution of hea
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5 From Women's Health to a Gender A
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96 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas the
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98 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Thi
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100 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas th
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102 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas th
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104 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas 4
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106 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ge
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108 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Am
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110 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ar
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112 Sara Arber and Hilary Thomas Ma
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6 Work Stress and Health Johannes S
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116 Johannes Siegrist terms of soci
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118 Johannes Siegrist high psycholo
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120 Johannes Siegrist Of the ten pr
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122 Johannes Siegrist stronger in m
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124 Johannes Siegrist Edwards, J. R
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7 Migration, Health, and Stress Jud
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128 Judith T. Shuval 1989; Hammar 1
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130 Judith T. Shuval (personal skil
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132 Judith T. Shuval But when migra
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134 Judith T. Shuval they are to en
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136 Judith T. Shuval adaptive funct
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138 Judith T. Shuval The prevailing
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140 Judith T. Shuval large numbers
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142 Judith T. Shuval Kritz, M. M.,
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8 Health Professions and Occupation
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146 Elianne Riska of its expertise
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148 Elianne Riska Figure 8.1 Theore
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150 Elianne Riska vanguard that wil
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152 Elianne Riska The body is seen
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154 Elianne Riska research has give
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156 Elianne Riska Fisher, Sue. 1986
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158 Elianne Riska Wilsford, David.
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160 Fred Stevens International nter
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162 Fred Stevens accessible for eve
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164 Fred Stevens provision of healt
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166 Fred Stevens actors: the medica
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168 Fred Stevens second-level hospi
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170 Fred Stevens issues of health a
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172 Fred Stevens in southern Europe
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174 Fred Stevens countries seem to
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176 Fred Stevens Selznick, Philip.
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The Americas
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The American Health Care System 181
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The American Health Care System 183
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The American Health Care System 185
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The American Health Care System 187
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The American Health Care System 189
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The American Health Care System 191
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The American Health Care System 193
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The American Health Care System 195
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The American Health Care System 197
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11 The Evolution of Health Care in
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The Evolution of Health Care in Can
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The Evolution of Health Care in Can
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The Evolution of Health Care in Can
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The Evolution of Health Care in Can
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 215 thi
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The aforementioned trend is an indi
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 219 poo
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 221 on
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 223 bee
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Medical Sociology in Mexico 225 Add
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13 Social Science and Health in Bra
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Social Science and Health in Brazil
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Western Europe
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Medical Sociology in Great Britain
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Medical Sociology in Great Britain
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Medical Sociology in Great Britain
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15 The French Paradoxes Kristina Or
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The French Paradoxes 265 Conditions
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The French Paradoxes 267 clearly th
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The link between unemployment and h
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The French Paradoxes 271 of deaths
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there are also a great many occupat
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The French Paradoxes 275 since 1994
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The French Paradoxes 277 care insti
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The French Paradoxes 279 as a field
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The French Paradoxes 281 3 Active l
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The French Paradoxes 283 CREDOC. 19
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The French Paradoxes 285 Orfali, Kr
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16 Medical Sociology in Germany Ola
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Medical Sociology in Germany 289 al
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Medical Sociology in Germany 295 Cl
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Medical Sociology in Germany 297 Sc
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Table 17.1 Sex-specific life expect
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Society, Health, and Health Care in
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Russia and Eastern Europe
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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The Russian Health Care Experiment
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In and Out of Communism 335 resourc
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In and Out of Communism 337 levels
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In and Out of Communism 339 fat ros
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In and Out of Communism 341 associa
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In and Out of Communism 343 Funds r
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In and Out of Communism 345 of empi
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20 Transformation of the Health Car
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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Transformation of the Health Care S
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21 Health and Health Care in South
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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Health and Health Care in South Afr
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22 Health, Health Care, and Medical
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Table 22.1 Social characteristics o
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health, Health Care, and Medical Ed
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Health and Health Care in Israel 41
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Table 23.1 Health status of immigra
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healthy'' or ``health is most impor
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Health and Health Care in Israel 41
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Health and Health Care in Israel 41
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Health and Health Care in Israel 42
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Health and Health Care in Israel 42
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24 Medicine and Health Care in Aust
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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Medicine and Health Care in Austral
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