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Trends Planning Ministry and by the National Commission to the International Year of Older People in 1999, the demographic evolution in Portugal will, over the next 10 years, continue to be marked by a gradual reduction on the base of the demographic pyramid, constituted by the young individuals up to 14 years old, and by a widening at the top of the pyramid, due to the increase in life expectancy. 3. Trends and developments for older workers on the labour market Over the last few years, Portugal has presented a good performance in relation to the main labour market indicators. Since 1996, the employment rate has been one of the highest among the countries of the European Union, reaching 68.7% in 2001, having already exceeded the quantitative goal defined in the Stockholm Council for 2005 (67%). <strong>The</strong> unemployment rate has also remained relatively low, when compared to some countries of the European Union (4.2% in 2001). However, a closer analysis shows some structural problems. Among them is the integration of the older workers in the Figure 6: Activity and employment rates (55-64 years old) 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 labour market. Since 1993, the activity rate of the older workers has presented a positive evolution, having only diminished slightly in 2001 (Figure 6). Regarding the employment rate of the older workers, since 1993 the trend has always been of positive growth, reaching 51% in 2001, thus exceeding already the European goal defined for 2010 (50%) (Figure 7). Indeed, Portugal has the third highest employment rate of the European Union in relation to the older age group, followed by Sweden and Denmark. According to the European Commission, the most recent projections for the employment rate of the Portuguese older workers point to a value of about 56.1% by 20105 . However, a closer analysis of the characteristics of the Portuguese older workers suggests some caution, mainly due to the low level of employability that they demonstrate. Portugal is the one country of the European Union where the percentage of the working population between 55 and 64 years old, having achieved at least 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Employment rate (55–64 years) Active rate (55–64 years) Figure 7: Employment rates (55-64 years old) in the European Union countries 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 A B G DK S FIN F GR IRL I L NL P SE UK 5 European Commission – Employment rate scenarios up to 2005 and 2010. Source: INE, Labour Force Surveya Eurostat, Statistics Source: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey 136 Spring 2003 | European Employment Observatory Review
Figure 8: Percentage of working age population having achieved at least upper secondary education 100 80 60 40 20 0 A B G DK S FIN F GR IRL I L NL P SE UK Figure 9: Participation rate in education and training actions 25 20 15 10 5 0 upper secondary education, is the lowest (8.8%). Also analysing the values for the individuals that currently are between 45 and 54 years old, the situation is also not very different (13.7%) (Figure 8). Despite this, the participation rate of these individuals in training and education actions is very low, 0.3% for the individuals between 55 and 64 years old and 0.9% for the individuals between 45 and 54 years old (Figure 9). 45–54 years old 55–64 years old Spring 2003 | European Employment Observatory Review 137 Trends Source: Joint Employment Report (Statistical Annexes), 2002 A B G DK S FIN F GR IRL I L NL P SE UK 45–54 years old 55–64 years old Table 1: Registered unemployment by time and age group (2001) Source: Joint Employment Report (Statistical Annexes), 2002 Nonetheless, the unemployment rate of individuals between 55 and 64 years old has traditionally been relatively low in Portugal, reaching 2.2% in 2001. It is therefore below the overall unemployment rate of 4.2% and significantly below the unemployment rate of the young (9.4%). Despite this, the number of individuals above 55 years old in total unemployment is still very high (Table 1). Workers over 55 years old represent 36.3% of the total long-term < 12 months % >= 12 months % >= 24 months % Total % Total 190.713 100 125.727 100 71.219 100 316.440 100 < 20 years old 11.711 6.1 619 0.5 63 0.1 12.330 3.9 20-24 years old 33.310 17.5 6.080 4.8 1.526 2.1 39.390 12.4 25-34 years old 56.952 29.9 18.129 14.4 6.661 9.4 75.081 23.7 35-54 years old 66.796 35.0 55.302 44.0 32.048 45.0 122.098 38.6 + 55 years old 21.944 11.5 45.597 36.3 30.921 43.4 67.541 21.3 Source: IEFP
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Employment & European Social Fund E
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European Employment Observatory Rev
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Table of Contents Policies Overall
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AUSTRIA The programme of the Austri
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FINLAND Essential changes to legisl
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At least one quarter of the members
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in the event of a third and subsequ
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of active labour-market policy, as
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Training Networks Programme The Tra
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Subsequently, the provisions concer
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a strengthening and revitalisation
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workers into the labour market as w
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This reinforced targeting and resul
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BELGIUM The Occupational Immersion
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Agreement on converting 10,000 subs
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outplacement procedure, its duratio
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Integration agreements Another impo
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and local job and volunteering oppo
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FINLAND Preliminary information on
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BELGIUM Harmonisation and simplific
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• Returning migrants Eligibility
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Playing the generation game: an ove
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workers, who have either exited the
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e) Finland’s comprehensive approa
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Compared with the figures for 1997,
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Table 4: Activity quotas by age and
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Table 6: Length of unemployment by
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4Prospects In view of the demograph
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and is exempted from the obligation
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The Government is also addressing t
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permanente, 97-124 Desmet, R. and J
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Table 4: Breakdown by age of older
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Figure 1: Gender gap in the activit
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Figure 5: Effective and statutory r
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3. Recent trends in policies As alr
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3.3 Labour market programmes for el
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Figure 1: Population aged 15 and ov
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Table 3: Labour market transition r
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companies. One of these projects wa
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Table 2: Projection of the economic
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Table 8: Numbers entering Early Ret
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Figure 1: Rate of access to trainin
Page 85 and 86: Germany 1 Introduction As far back
Page 87 and 88: Figure 3: Potentially economically
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5: Take-up of early-retireme
Page 91 and 92: Figure 8: Average amounts paid unde
Page 93 and 94: 64.5% (Hain/Tautz 2001: 365) withou
Page 95 and 96: Table 6: Collectively agreed workin
Page 97 and 98: Strukturbruch und Arbeitsmark-tentw
Page 99 and 100: men (Figure 3). In clear contrast w
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5: Unemployment rates, males
Page 103 and 104: More recent data, provided by Euros
Page 105 and 106: pensions retracted to normal levels
Page 107 and 108: Ireland 1. Introduction This Paper
Page 109 and 110: Table 3: Labour force trends, 1991-
Page 111 and 112: Table 4: Employment by age across s
Page 113 and 114: Occupational pensions There are als
Page 115 and 116: Italy 1. Introduction The EU offici
Page 117 and 118: Table 7: Activity rates (age 55-64)
Page 119 and 120: Table 10: Forecasts of employment r
Page 121 and 122: should take the territorial imbalan
Page 123 and 124: 2. Statistical Data 5 Number of pen
Page 125 and 126: 4.2 Measures to encourage older wor
Page 127 and 128: 6. Conclusions With regard to keepi
Page 129 and 130: level. No taxes and social premiums
Page 131 and 132: edundancy scheme by employers. The
Page 133 and 134: uittreding: early retirement) schem
Page 135: Figure 4: Dependency and ageing ind
Page 139 and 140: Figure 11: Average age of workers l
Page 141 and 142: Figure 2: percentage change between
Page 143 and 144: Figure 4: Figure 5: 25 20 15 10 0 -
Page 145 and 146: 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Figu
Page 147 and 148: However, this measure does not cove
Page 149 and 150: Table 1(a): Employment rate, men, 5
Page 151 and 152: Figure 3(b): Main Source of income
Page 153 and 154: 4. Policies to stimulate active age
Page 155 and 156: Appendix Table A1(a): Participation
Page 157 and 158: Venta • Salg • Verkauf • Pvl
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