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Working Time Finland: Preliminary information on the 2002 Working Conditions Barometer .................37 France: The “35-hour week” in France made more flexible ..............................................37 Miscellaneous Belgium: Harmonisation and simplification of Social Security Contribution Reduction Schemes .............................................................................................39 Spain: The reform of the unemployment protection system in Spain..............................39 United Kingdom: Incapacity Benefit reform....................................................................................41 Trends Older workers: An Overview...................................................................................................................43 Thematic Report on Older Workers in: Austria ............................................................................................................................47 Belgium ............................................................................................................................55 Denmark ............................................................................................................................68 Finland ............................................................................................................................72 France ............................................................................................................................78 Germany ............................................................................................................................85 Greece ............................................................................................................................97 Ireland ..........................................................................................................................107 Italy ..........................................................................................................................115 Luxembourg ..........................................................................................................................122 Netherlands ..........................................................................................................................127 Portugal ..........................................................................................................................133 Spain ..........................................................................................................................140 Sweden ..........................................................................................................................147
AUSTRIA The programme of the Austrian Federal Government 1 March 2003 saw the formation of a new Federal Government in Austria, a reincarnation of the coalition between the Austrian People’s Party and the Freedom Party of Austria. The major plans in terms of employment and labour market policy of this “second Schüssel Government” are outlined below: A successful economic policy which takes into account the objectives of the European Union (Lisbon Process) will enable Austria to meet the basic conditions required to secure existing and create new jobs. The EU objectives of raising employment rates within the EU to 70% by 2010, and increasing women’s employment rates to 60% and labour force participation amongst the 55-64 age group to 50% still represent the framework of Austrian employment policy. Within this context, full employment remains the most important goal. European Union Austria will continue to work resolutely and constructively towards further integration and to represent its interests effectively. • Commitment to the enlargement of the European Union, obligation of timely signing and speedy ratification of the EU accession treaty. • Implementation of the agreed EU transitional regulations in terms of the freedom of movement of people, goods and services within the seven-year transition periods; rules on the step-bystep introduction of full freedom of movement. • Strategy for preparation for EU enlargement: active measures designed to increase competitiveness; measures to preserve existing and provide new production sites; support for the regional business structure – particularly SMEs and investment in human capital and infrastructure. Border regions should be prepared for the coming single market by targeted measures coordinated at national level. Large-scale information campaigns dealing with a range of EU issues should be directed at the Austrian public. • Support for EU accession negotiations with Bulgaria and Romania. Encouragement of moves towards accession by Croatia and other States in south-eastern Europe which are ready for accession. Support for the EU’s pre-accession strategy. Integration • The integration of foreign nationals already living legally in Austria continues to take priority over the admission of new foreign nationals. As in the past, the admission of new foreign nationals is subject to a quota system. Within the quota system, family members joining their families will be limited to core family members, i.e. spouses and unmarried minor children. Members of the core family entering the country legally should be given access to the labour market. This is measure is designed to eliminate the basis for illegal working. Employment and social affairs • Labour market service: reform of the AMS in order to increase Overall Developments the efficiency of job placements (target: placement within 90 days). • Unemployment insurance: individuals involved in the new forms of gainful employment (independent contractors, new selfemployed), as well as employers, must contract voluntary insurance to ensure the receipt of unemployment benefit should their gainful employment cease. • Extension of the early warning system: employees who have been laid off should register with the AMS as soon as they receive notice; improvement of individual support. • Greater flexibility of “reasonableness” provisions: review of regional placement services and updating of the nature of employment protection to include an income protection. • Reform of partial retirement: extension beyond 31 December 2003; limitation to five years; abolishment of “blocking”. The appointment of replacement staff in case of partial retirement is being reintroduced: the AMS will pay the partial retirement allowance only where the employer appoints replacement staff. • Reform of the reward/penalty system: placing of greater weight on length of service; ending of the unequal treatment of women and men in case of redundancies; later start of dismissal protection for older workers appointed against the payment of a reward;extension of the reward/penalty system. • Greater flexibility of working hours: the Working Hours Law should be simplified and modernised in light of the EU Working Time Directive. Opportunities for creating more flexible working hours should be granted both to the social partners and at company-level. • Entitlement to part-time working for parents: entitlement to parttime working and flexible working hours regulations for parents of children under the age of seven or not yet attending school with a simultaneous right to return to full-time employment. This applies to all employees with more than three years’ service in companies with more than 20 employees. • Minimum wage: each employee in full time work should receive a minimum wage of € 1,000 per month. • Employment of foreign nationals: the harmonisation of residence and employment status should be continued on the basis of the seven-year transition periods and the receptiveness of the labour market. Directly implementable employment agreements with EU accession candidates should be negotiated and brought into force as the transitional mechanism for the freedom of movement of people, goods and services. In the field of seasonal workers, and within the framework of the relevant quota regulations, sufficient workers should be provided for agriculture and the tourism and entertainment industries. • Apprenticeships: voluntary training partnerships; children of foreign nationals born in Austria receive access to apprenticeships and the labour market. Women • Gender mainstreaming in all official sectors and a guarantee of the resources required. • Gender quotas in commissions and committees in line with EU requirements. • Implementation of equal opportunities in the world of work: –Reduction of the income gap between women and men; – Further development of measures designed to promote opportunities for women. Spring 2003 | European Employment Observatory Review 7
Page 1 and 2: Employment & European Social Fund E
Page 3 and 4: European Employment Observatory Rev
Page 5: Table of Contents Policies Overall
Page 9 and 10: FINLAND Essential changes to legisl
Page 11 and 12: At least one quarter of the members
Page 13 and 14: in the event of a third and subsequ
Page 15 and 16: of active labour-market policy, as
Page 17 and 18: Training Networks Programme The Tra
Page 19 and 20: Subsequently, the provisions concer
Page 21 and 22: a strengthening and revitalisation
Page 23 and 24: workers into the labour market as w
Page 25 and 26: This reinforced targeting and resul
Page 27 and 28: BELGIUM The Occupational Immersion
Page 29 and 30: Agreement on converting 10,000 subs
Page 31 and 32: outplacement procedure, its duratio
Page 33 and 34: Integration agreements Another impo
Page 35 and 36: and local job and volunteering oppo
Page 37 and 38: FINLAND Preliminary information on
Page 39 and 40: BELGIUM Harmonisation and simplific
Page 41 and 42: • Returning migrants Eligibility
Page 43 and 44: Playing the generation game: an ove
Page 45 and 46: workers, who have either exited the
Page 47 and 48: e) Finland’s comprehensive approa
Page 49 and 50: Compared with the figures for 1997,
Page 51 and 52: Table 4: Activity quotas by age and
Page 53 and 54: Table 6: Length of unemployment by
Page 55 and 56: 4Prospects In view of the demograph
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and is exempted from the obligation
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The Government is also addressing t
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permanente, 97-124 Desmet, R. and J
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Table 4: Breakdown by age of older
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Figure 1: Gender gap in the activit
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Figure 5: Effective and statutory r
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3. Recent trends in policies As alr
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3.3 Labour market programmes for el
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Figure 1: Population aged 15 and ov
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Table 3: Labour market transition r
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companies. One of these projects wa
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Table 2: Projection of the economic
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Table 8: Numbers entering Early Ret
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Figure 1: Rate of access to trainin
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Germany 1 Introduction As far back
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Figure 3: Potentially economically
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Figure 5: Take-up of early-retireme
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Figure 8: Average amounts paid unde
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64.5% (Hain/Tautz 2001: 365) withou
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Table 6: Collectively agreed workin
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Strukturbruch und Arbeitsmark-tentw
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men (Figure 3). In clear contrast w
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Figure 5: Unemployment rates, males
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More recent data, provided by Euros
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pensions retracted to normal levels
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Ireland 1. Introduction This Paper
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Table 3: Labour force trends, 1991-
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Table 4: Employment by age across s
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Occupational pensions There are als
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Italy 1. Introduction The EU offici
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Table 7: Activity rates (age 55-64)
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Table 10: Forecasts of employment r
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should take the territorial imbalan
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2. Statistical Data 5 Number of pen
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4.2 Measures to encourage older wor
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6. Conclusions With regard to keepi
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level. No taxes and social premiums
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edundancy scheme by employers. The
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uittreding: early retirement) schem
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Figure 4: Dependency and ageing ind
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Figure 8: Percentage of working age
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Figure 11: Average age of workers l
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Figure 2: percentage change between
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Figure 4: Figure 5: 25 20 15 10 0 -
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Figu
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However, this measure does not cove
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Table 1(a): Employment rate, men, 5
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Figure 3(b): Main Source of income
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4. Policies to stimulate active age
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Appendix Table A1(a): Participation
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Venta • Salg • Verkauf • Pvl
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