FRANCE The

Table 1(a): Employment rate, men, 55-64, Sweden, 1990-2002 (%)
Age 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
55-59 86.3 84.4 82.5 77.8 76.4 76.1 77.2 76.2 78.1 79.4 79.7 80.3 81.0
60 73.1 74.0 67.8 65.0 65.1 64.9 63.9 63.0 63.6 66.1 67.3 70.1 70.3
61 70.0 69.1 66.1 57.4 56.8 59.5 60.0 55.7 56.7 56.5 61.1 63.9 63.2
62 65.3 64.4 61.5 54.4 51.0 50.0 53.4 48.3 51.5 49.1 52.8 55.7 57.7
63 55.1 58.1 51.2 49.1 44.0 44.1 47.6 44.9 40.6 45.4 40.4 46.8 47.0
64 48.5 48.1 45.3 40.6 39.4 36.7 38.3 38.4 36.5 35.1 34.8 35.0 40.5
Table 1(b): Employment rate, women, 55-64, Sweden, 1990-2002 (%)
employment rates for men were still clearly below the figures for
1990. For women between the ages of 55 and 61, on the other hand,
employment rates in 2002 were higher than in 1990. This implies
that the employment rate gap between the sexes of this age group
has narrowed quite significantly during this period.
The trends in unemployment rates (see Tables 2(a) and 2(b)) exhibit
roughly the same picture as employment rates, i.e. a significant
increase up to the middle of the decade and a decrease since then.
However, it is striking that, particularly for the oldest people,
Spring 2003 | European Employment Observatory Review 149
Trends
Source: Swedish Labour Force Surveys
Age 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
55-59 78.1 78.0 77.0 74.7 74.7 73.0 74.2 74.7 75.2 75.8 76.2 77.0 77.1
60 67.3 67.1 67.1 61.0 61.8 61.5 59.8 57.6 59.4 60.8 64.2 64.6 68.6
61 59.7 61.5 59.5 57.1 50.0 54.7 54.3 52.2 49.8 55.6 54.4 59.4 61.3
62 52.8 56.4 50.9 49.7 44.5 47.1 50.1 45.6 43.9 44.2 48.8 49.8 52.8
63 44.4 41.3 42.7 34.6 35.2 34.1 35.9 37.6 29.9 27.5 32.1 33.6 39.8
64 36.1 38.5 32.5 32.0 27.0 27.0 27.5 28.0 25.2 22.4 22.4 26.1 28.0
Table 2(a): Unemployment rate, men 55-64, Sweden, 1990-2002 (%)
Source: Swedish Labour Force Surveys
Age 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
55-59 1.2 2.1 3.4 6.1 6.9 7.4 7.1 7.4 6.6 5.7 5.0 3.4 3.5
60 1.3 1.9 6.0 8.0 8.1 9.3 9.4 7.8 8.1 8.3 8.7 5.2 4.5
61 2.0 2.4 2.6 7.1 8.8 9.1 11.8 12.4 6.1 10.3 8.2 6.3 6.1
62 1.1 2.3 3.9 7.7 9.3 10.0 9.9 10.0 6.6 7.8 8.0 7.3 4.7
63 0.9 2.9 5.2 7.2 8.9 12.8 9.1 10.5 10.0 5.6 7.5 8.1 8.3
64 1.5 2.0 3.6 8.4 12.1 10.8 16.5 14.0 8.6 7.7 8.5 9.3 7.4
Table2(b): Unemployment rate, women 55-64, Sweden, 1990-2002 (%)
Source: Swedish Labour Force Surveys
Age 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
55-59 1.0 1.7 2.3 3.3 3.8 5.6 5.4 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.0 2.5
60 2.6 1.3 1.4 5.4 5.9 6.3 9.2 6.7 4.9 6.9 4.2 3.9 2.5
61 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.3 6.5 7.5 7.3 8.1 7.2 7.0 7.2 4.1 2.7
62 1.7 2.4 4.7 4.4 5.2 3.4 5.7 7.6 5.0 7.3 6.4 5.7 4.6
63 2.5 3.7 3.6 8.5 10.1 9.1 9.4 9.5 5.6 10.7 8.7 9.3 6.1
64 2.9 2.8 3.4 9.2 9.8 14.0 12.9 15.0 9.4 11.0 11.3 8.3 11.7
Source: Swedish Labour Force Surveys
unemployment has remained appreciably higher than it was before
the crisis of the early 1990s.
Figures for participation rates for these years are available in the
Appendix – Tables A1(a) and A1(b).
As can be seen from Table 1, a large proportion of those over 55 do
not earn their living on the labour market. Figures 3(a) and 3(b)
show the main source of income for the entire Swedish population.
This data is based on the tax returns of every individual of working
age in 1999 and can provide a picture of various non-wage incomes,