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236 AND THEIR REFUTATION.
said to them : This is my blood." Now, it would appear from
this, also, that the words,
" This
is my blood," were said after the
sumption of the chalice ; but the context of all the Evangelists
"
This is my body," and "
This is my blood," was
show that both
said by our Lord before he gave them the species of bread and
wine.
iv.
THE MATTER AND FORM OF THE SACRAMENT OF THE EUCHARIST.
44. As to the matter of the Eucharist, there is no doubt but
that we should use that alone which was used by Jesus Christ
that is, bread of wheat, and wine of the vine, as we learn from
St. Matthew (xxv, 26), St. Mark (xiv, 12), St. Luke (xxii, 19),
and St. Paul (1. Cor. xi, 27). This is what the Catholic Church
has always done, and condemned those who dared to make use
of any other matter, as is proved in the Third Council of Car
thage (c. 27), which was held in the year 397. Estius (1) says
that consecration can be performed with any sort of bread
wheaten, barley, oaten, or millet ;
but St. Thomas (2) writes, that
it is with bread of wheat alone it can be done, but still that bread
made of a sort of rye, which grows from wheat sown in poor
soil, is also matter for the consecration :
"
Et ideo si qua frumenta
sunt, quas ex semine tritici generari possunt, sicut ex
grano tritici seminato malis terris nascitur siligo, ex tali frumento
panis confectus potest esse materia hujus Sacramenti." He,
therefore, rejected all other bread, and this is the only opinion
we can follow in practice. Doctors have disputed, as we may
see in the works of Mabillon, Sirmond, Cardinal Bona, and
others, whether unleavened bread, such as the Latins use, or
leavened bread, as used by the Greeks, is the proper matter for
the Sacrament. There is not the least doubt but that the conse
cration is valid in either one or the other ; but, at present, the
Latins are prohibited from consecrating in leavened, and the
(1) ^Estius, in 4, dist. S, c. 6. (2) St. Thorn, q. 74, art. 3, ad 2,