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AND THEIR REFUTATION. 59
it not prove even that he was superior ? Some say that he was
painted so, because, according to the Roman custom, as is the case
in the East, the left hand place was more honourable than the
right. Others, as St. Thomas (16), give a different explanation.
Bellarmine may be consulted on this point (17). The author also
quotes, in favour of his opinion, the lofty praises given by the
holy Fathers to St. Paul ; but that is easily answered. He was
praised, as St. Thomas says, more than the other Apostles, on
account of his special election, and his greater labours and suf
ferings in preaching the Faith through the whole world (18). Not
one of the Fathers, however, makes him superior or equal to St.
Peter, for the Church of Home was not founded by him but by
St. Peter.
ARTICLE IV.
18,-Quesnel is dismissed from the Congregation of the Oratory. 19. -He pub
lishes several unsound works in Brussels. 20.-Is imprisoned, escapes to
Amsterdam, and dies excommunicated. 21. -The Book he wrote. 22.-The
Bull "Unigenitus," condemning the Book. 23.-The Bull is accepted by
the King, the Clergy, and the Sorbonne ; the followers of Quesnel appeal
to a future Council. 24.-Several Bishops also, and Cardinal de Noailles,
appeal to a future Council likewise, but the Council of Embrun declares
that the appeal should not be entertained. 25.-The Consultation of the
Advocates rejected by the assembly of the Bishops ;
Cardinal de Noailles
retracts, and accepts the Bull ; the Bull is declared dogmatical by the
Sorbonne and the Bishops. 26.-Three principles of the system of Quesnel.
18. While Clement XL still sat on the Chair of St. Peter,
Quesnel published his book, entitled,
" The
New Testament, with
Moral Reflections," &c., which the Pope soon after prohibited by
Quesnel was born in Paris, on the 14th of
the Bull Unigenitus.
July, 1634, and in 1657, was received by Cardinal de Berulle
into his Congregation of the Oratory. In a General Assembly
of the Oratory of France, held in 1678, it was ordained that
each member of the Congregation should sign a Formula, con
demnatory of the doctrine of Baius and Janscnius, but Quesnel
(16) St. Thomas in cap. i, ad Gal. U. (18) St. Thorn, in II. Cor. I. 3, c. n,
(17) Bell, de Rom. Pontiff, c. 27.