A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

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302 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 43 1977 40-70 (-75) p longae, 3.54.5 (-5.0) p latae. Atranorinum et acidum fumarprotocetraricum geret, accessorie etiam acidum perlatolicum et acidum anziaicum (K fuscoflavescens, PD miniato-rubescens). - St. meyeri B. STEIN subsimile est sed minus, habitu macrocarpoideo, pseudopodetiis ruguloso-corticatis, et materiis chimicis differens; St. atlantico (LAMB) LAMB vere arctius cognatum. Typus: Africa, Uganda, Ruwenzori Mts., Scott Elliott Pass, altit. 4000 m s. m., on rock in scree slope, leg. E. ESTERHUYSEN, 1956 (no. 25233) (FH, holotypus; BOL, isotypus). Mat. chim. : the full chemical spectrum (seen in several specimens) comprises atranorin, fumarprotocetraric acid, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid, and an unidentified substance. Protocetraric acid may also possibly be present in traces. Deficient phase I, with atranorin, fumarprotocetraric acid, perlatolic acid, and an unidentified substance. The type material belongs here. Deficient phase 11, with atranorin, fumarprotocetraric acid, and an unidentified substance. Distrib. : Central Africa (Uganda and Kenya). Remarks: a sorediate species morphologically resembling St. meyeri B. STEIN, but usually smaller, of more or less distinctly "macrocarpoid" habitus, for the greater part corticate with a rugulose thallus-mantle, and chemically different. Very similar in appearance to St. atlanticum (LAMB) LAMB, which has a wider geographical range (overlapping in Central Africa) and also differs in the chemical constituents. 1 1 5. Stereocaulon salazinum (BORY) FI~E Essai sur les Cryptogames des Ecorces Exotiques Officinales: xcvii (1824) ("salazianum"). -Lichen salazinus BORY, Voyage dans les Quatre Principales Iles des Mers d'Afrique, 3: 106, footnote (1804). - Chlorocaulum salazinum (BORY) CLEMENTS, The Genera of Fungi: 175 (1909). Typus: Rbunion (Bourbon) Island, "les rochers de la plaine des chicots. Plus beau aux Salazes", leg. BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT (date ?) (PC, lectotypus; lectotypified by RIDDLE ex DODGE, 1929, p. 140). Probable isotypes (not all with complete data) seen in L, PC and PC-HUE. Facultative synonyms: Stereocaulon assimile NYL. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 4, 11 : 251 (1859). - Stereocaulon mixtum [subsp.]* assimile (NYL.) NYL. Synopsis Methodica Lichenum, 1 (2): 239 (1860). -Stereocaulon ramulosum var. assimile (NYL.) LAMB, Canad. J. Bot. 29: 582 (1951).75 Exsicc.: ABB. Lich. Madagasc. et Borbon. Sel. Exs. Fasc. I1 (1966) no. 35, as St. ramulosum var. macrocarpum. Icon.'? BORY 1804, PI. XVI, fig. 3, as Lichen salazinus. - LAMB 1951, PI. 111, fig. 7 A, as St. ramu- Iosum var. assimile. Mat. chim.": the presumed full chemical spectrum (not yet seen in the same specimen) consists of atranorin, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid, stictic acid, norstictic acid, usnic and isousnic acids, and probably stenosporic acid. The material seen represents the following deficient phases : Deficient phase I, with atranorin, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid, stictic acid, usnic and isousnic acids. (Reunion.) '5 The epithet was emended by LAMB loc. cit. because NYLANDER'S isotype material in H-NYL has a slight intermixture of St. scutelligerum TH. FR.; but since NYLANDER'S description is perfectly unambiguous, this emendation seems unnecessary. Ffi~, 1824. PI. 111, fig. 7, as St. salazianum [sic] seems to represent a different species. '' The depsidone salazinic acid of ZOPF was isolated from "Stereocaulon salazinum" (actually St. scutelligerum TH. FR.). It is now known that this substance was in fact norstictic acid (DWIGNEAUD, 1942; MORS, 1952), but in spite of this the name salazinic acid is still used for a different depsidone (see C. CULBERSON, 1969, p. 162).
I. MACKENZIE LAMB: A Conspectus of Stereocaulon 303 Deficient phase 11, with atranorin, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid, usnic and isousnic acids. (Rkunion.) Deficient phase 111, with atranorin, perlatolic acid, stictic acid, norstictic acid. (Madagascar.) Deficient phase IV, with atranorin, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid and probably stenosporic acid. (Rkunion, including isotype material.) Usnic acid is a very unusual constituent in the genus Stereocaulon; it has been found also in one specimen of St. melanopotamicum LAMB, in which however it may be an accidental contaminant. But its occurrence in St. salazinum (2 specimens) seems to be indisputable. Distrib.: islands of the Indian Ocean (Rkunion, Madagascar). Remarks: the nomenclatural history of this species is very complicated. BORY'S original material consists of a mixture of 2 species, which were later designated as Stereocaulon assimile NYL. (1859) and Stereocaulon scutelligerum TH. FR. (1861). BORY'S original description combines the characters of both these species, but his figure, PI. XVI, fig. 3, shows a plant of the ramulosum-type. NYLANDER (1859, p. 250, and 1860, p. 233) applied the name St. salazinum to the St. scutelligerum component, and in this was followed by several other authors, e.g. HUE (1898-1901) and VAIN10 (1915). Other authors, such as ACHARIUS (1810), TH. FRIES (1861) and DODGE (1929) applied the epithet to the other component, which resembles St. ramulosum var. macrocarpum (RICH.) BAB." NYLANDER, considering the epithet salazinum to refer to the scutelligerum component, was automatically obliged to give a name to the ramulosum-like component, which he did as Stereocaulon assimile NYL. (1859, p. 251). In agreement with the views expressed by ACHARIUS and TH. FRIES (see above), RIDDLE (ex DODGE, 1929, p. 140) finally definitely lectotypified Lichen salazinus BORY on the ramulosum-like component (=St. assimile NYL.), thereby clearing up the longstanding confusion. The emendation of Lichen salazinus in the present sense can probably be credited to ACHARIUS (1810, p. 580). St. salazinum, in the presently accepted sense, is closely related to St. ramulosum (Sw.) RAUSCH., having a strong resemblance to the var. macrocarpum (RICH.) BAB. It is smaller and more slender than the latter, has a tendency in some specimens at least to produce harmonic branches (cfr. the illustration in LAMB, 1951, P1. 111, fig. 7 A), and has a distinctive chemical constitution as well as a different distribution pattern, confined to the Mascarene Islands and Madagascar. 1 16. Stereocaulon staufleri LAMB ex FREY, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 86: 247 (1967). Typus: New Guinea, North-east Region, Eastern Highlands Distr., Mt. Wilhelm, Goroka, Keglsugl, Pengage Creek, on route to Lake Aunde, altit. 3250-3500 m s. m., on granitic rock, leg. H. U. STAUFFER, 1964 (no. 5668-B) (FH, holotypus; FREY, isotypus). Exsicc.: Lich. EXS. Univ. Colorado Mus. Fasc. VIII (1971) no. 305 (COLO, FH). Icon. : FREY 1967, fig. 4: PI. 17, fig. 4. Mat. chim.: the typical species contains atranorin, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid (in trace " FFBE (1824, p. xcvii) made the combination Stereocaulon salazinum (BORY) FFBE (as "salazianum") but gave no description, and his illustration (PI. 111, fig. 7) is quite unrecognizable. Chlorocaulum salazinum (BORY) CLEMENTS was applied to the scutelligerum component, but this does not affect the nomenclature. TH. FRIES (1857, p. 25, and 1858, p. 43) mistakenly applied the name Stereocaulon vulcani (BORY) ACH. to the St. scutelligerum component, but after this mistake was pointed out by N~ANDER (1859) rectified it by introducing the nomen novum scutelligerum, reserving the name salazinum for the ramulosum-like component of BORY'S original material (TH. FRIES, 1861).
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-- var. sorediiferum NYL. 226, 312
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- turgescens Nn. 252 - tyroliense (
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A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

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