A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

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206 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 43 1977 Typus: Azores, leg. GUTHN~K (date ?) (G-SCHAER, holotypus. not seen by us). Facultative synonyms: Stereocaulon Ieporinum TH. FR. De Stereocaulis et Pilophoris Commentatio: 25 (1857). - Stereocaulon granulosum LAUR. ex HARTUNG, Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 15 (4): 147, 151 (1857). - Stereocaulon tomentosum var. granulosum (LAuR.) OLN. Mem. Real. Acad. Ci. Barcelona, ser. 3,16: 47 (1921).O - Stereocaulon maderense TUCK. Lichenes, in: United States Exploring Expedition, 17, Botany I, Lower Cryptogamia: 122 (1874). - Stereocaulon Ieporinum [var.] a. elatum TH. FR. De Stereoc. et Pilophor. Comment.: 25 (1857). - Stereocaulon sphaerophoroides [f.] a. elatum (TH. FR.) TH. FR. Monogr. Stereoc. et Pilophor.: 349 (sep. 45) (1858). - Stereocaulon Ieporinum [var.] j3. pumilum TH. FR. De Stereoc. et Pilophor. Comment.: 25 (1857). - Stereocaulon sphaerophoroides [f.] j3. pumilum (TH. FR.) TH. FR. Monogr. Stereoc. et Pilophor.: 349 (sep. 45) (1858). Exsicc.: ALMB. Lich. Afric. Fasc. IV (1974) no. 86, as St. sphaerophoroides (FH). - BORN~LLER, Plant. Exs. Mader. (1900) no. 124 (LD, PR), no. 125 (LD), no. 126 (GB, LD, PR), as St. sphaerophoroides; no. 127, as St. denudatum var. pulvinatum (LD). - BORNMULLER, Plant. Exs. Canar. (1901) no. 3238 (LD, PR), no. 3244 (LD), as St. sphaerophoroides. - BOURGEAU, Plant. Canar. no. 37 (1846-47), as St. botryosum (PC-HUE). - BOURGEAU, Plant. Canar., iter secund. no. 1594 (1856), as St. ramulosum (c, PC-HUE). - HEPP, Flechten Europas Band VI, Heft 1 1 (1857) no. 305, as St. granulosum (FH, FH-TUCK, PC-HUE, s). - HUSNOT Plant. Canar. no. 213 (1866 ?), as St. sphaerophoroides (PC-HUE). - Krypt. Exs. Vindob. Cent. VIII (1902) no. 767, as St. sphaerophoroides (c, FH, LD, PR, S, US, WELC); Cent. XLIII (1960) no. 4239, as St. sphaerophoroides (FH, s). - MANDON, Lich. Mad2re no. 49 (date ?), as St. sphaerophoroides (BM, FH-TUCK, PC-HUE, s). - TAV. Lich. Lusit. Sel. Exs. Fasc. I11 (1955) no. 65, as St. sphaerophoroides (FH); Fasc. X (1968) no. 238, as St. sphaerophoroides (FH). - VEZDA, Lich. Sel. Exs. Fasc. V (1961) no. 113, as St. sphaerophoroides (FH). Icon.: TH. FR. 1858, P1. IX, fig. 4, as St. sphaerophoroides. - HEPP 1853-67 (1857) no. 305, as St. sphaerophoroides (spores). - NYL. 1860, P1. VII, fig. 9, as St. sphaerophoroides (conidia and conidiophores). - DUVIGN. 1956, fig. 9, as St. sphaerophoroides (sections of pseudopod. and apoth.). Mat. chim.: atranorin, lobaric acid, stictic acid, norstictic acid; possibly also constictic acid and consalazinic acid. This is the only species of Stereocaulon in which lobaric acid and stictic acid are known with certainty to coexist. Distrib.: Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands. Unverified record (almost certainly incorrect): U. S. A., N. Carolina (NYLANDER, 1860; CURTIS, 1867). Erroneous record: Ecuador (KREMPELHUBER 1861), = St. myriocarpum TH. FR. Remarks: related to St. tomentosum FR. An interesting species not only for its peculiar chemistry but also on account of lacking cephalodia. DUVIGNEAUD (1956) states that its phyllocladia contain Scytonema-filaments in addition to the normal phycobiont. Since 1858 the name St. sphaerophoroides TUCK. has been consistently used for this species. This is however incorrect for the following reasons. The protologue of St. sphaerophoroides TUCK., An Enumeration of North American Lichenes, p. 52, footnote (1845) mentions no locality for the species, but states that it was collected by L. GOULDING (ex herb. LAMBERT). TH. FRIES (1858) adopted the name St. sphaerophoroides TUCK. for the present species, placing his own St. leporinum TH. FR. in synonymy, and stating that he had received the type material of TUCKERMAN'S species and found it to be the same as St. leporinum. This original specimen was labelled "In monte ignivomo Ind. Occid.? Rev. L. GOULDING", and we have seen it in UPS-TH FR; it is not the present species, but St. virgatum AcH., a West Indian endemic. TH. FRIES was therefore mistaken in identifying it with his St. leporinum. The protologue of Acc. to ZAHLBRUCKNER, Cat. Lich. Univ.; not seen by us. If it is based on LAURER'S epithet it is an illegitimate homonym; cfr. St. tomentosum [var.] a. granulosum SCHAER. Enum. Crit. Lich. Europ. : 181 (1850), a nomen confusum (see p. 331).
I. MACKENZIE LAMB: A Conspectus of Stereocaz~lon 207 St. sphaerophoroides cites only the GOULDING specimen, and therefore St. sphaerophoroides must be considered a synonym of St. virgatum ACH. The specimen in FH-TUCK from the Azores, leg. HEWETT C. WATSON, 1842, said to be the type of St. sphaerophoroides by DODGE (1929, p. 143), is not type material. The first epithet legitimately applicable to the present species seems to be St. azoreum (SCHAER.) NYL. (1856), antedating St. leporinum TH. FR. by one year. NYLANDER'S Prodromus Lichenographiae Galliae et Algeriae was reissued as a reprint with separate pagination in 1857, but originally appeared in volume 21 of Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, occupying pages 249-467 of that volume, starting with part 4 ("4e Livraison"). The dates of issue of the various parts of this volume, which extends to 1858, are not clearly stated, but NYLANDER'S paper appears to have been published in parts 4 and 5 before the end of 1856. The priority over St. leporinum TH. FR. is further confirmed by NYLANDER'S remark in Bot. Not. 1857 (October), p. 167' "S. leporinum Fr. jam a me azoreum dictum fuit in Prodr. Lich. Gall. Alger. p. 41." 6. Stereocaulon botryosum ACH. Lichenographia Universalis: 581 (1810). Emend. FREY, Rabenhorsts Krypt.-FI. 9, Abt. IV, 1. Halfte: 120 (1932); FREY, 1. c.; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 69: 192 (1959); MAGN. Gijteborgs K. Vetensk.- o. Vitterh.-Samh. Handl. ser. 4, 30 (7): 33 (1926), as St. fastigiatum; POELT, Bestimmung~~chliis~el Europaischer Flechten : 643 (1969); DAHL et KROG, Macrolichens of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden: 134 (1973). - Stereocaulon alpinum var. botryosum (AcH.) SCHAER. Lichenum Helveticorum Spicilegium, Pars prima (1823421, sect. VI: 277 (1833). - Stereocaulon alpinum f. botryosum (AcH). FR. Lichenographia Europaea Reformata: 204 (1831). - Stereocaulon tomentosum var. botryosum (AcH.) NYL. Lichenes Scandinaviae: 64 (1861). Typus: Switzerland ("ad montes Helvetiae"), leg. SCHLEICHER (date ?) (H-ACH, lectotypus). Facultative synonyms: Stereocaulon fastigiatum ANZI, Catalogus Lichenum quos in Provincia Sondriensi: 11 (1860). - Stereocaulon evolutum var. fastigiatum (ANZI) TH. FR. Lichenographia Scandinavica, Pars prima: 45 (1871). - Stereocaulon evolutum f. fastigiatum (ANZI) MIG. Kryptogamen- Flora von Deutschland, ~eutsch-bsterreich und der Schweiz, 4 (2), Lief. 268-277: 67 (1928). Exsicc.: ANZI, Lich. Rar. Langob. Exs. Fasc. I(1861) no. 16, as St. fastigiatum (authentic,probably isotype material) (BM, FH, s). - ARN. Lich. EXS. (Lich. Jurae), no. 1575 (1893), as St. alpinum f. botryosum (BM, FH, PC, S, UPS). - Lichenotheca Fenn. Fasc. XLII (1957) no. 1034, as St. paschale var. grande (TUR). - MALME, Lich. Suec. Exs. Fasc. XL (1926) no. 979a, as St. fastigiatum (s. In LD, however, this number is St. depressum (FREY) LAMB). - ROUM. Lich. GUN. Exs. Cent. I1 (1880) no. 163, as St. alpinum (UPS); no. 165, as St, denudatum (ups, mixed with Sphaerophorus sp.). Icon.: LYNGE 1928, PI. VI, figs. 3,4. - FREY 1932, fig. 19 a - c, PI. I, fig. 4 (lectotype specimen in H-ACH), P1. 11, fig. 1; 1959, fig. 8. - OZENDA et CLAUZADE 1970, fig. 390 A, B, C. - DAHL et KROG 1973, fig. 41. Mat. chim.: atranorin and porphyrilic acid. Distrib.: boreal-arctic circumpolar and in the Alps of central Europe. Sweden, Norway, Finland, France, Switzerland, Austria, northern Italy, U.S.S.R. (Ural Mts., Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Archipelago, Extreme Orient), Iceland, Spitsbergen, Greenland, Canada (N. W. Territ., Alberta), U. S. A. (Alaska). Unconfirmed literature records from the British Isles (LEIGHTON, 1871, 1879; LAMB, 1941 ; KERSHAW, 1960, all probably erroneous), U. S. A., Oregon (MAGNUSSON, 1939), Canada, Labrador and Qdbec (DIx, 1956, as St. fastigiatum), and Corsica (WERNER and DESCHATRES, 1970). A record from Ecuador (KUNTH, 1822, 1824 - 25) almost certainly erroneous. Definitely erroneous are records from South Georgia (Du RIETZ, 1926a) and Argentine Patagonia (LAMB, 1959), both referring to St. glabrum (MULL. ARG.) VAIN.; St. botryosum apparently does not occur in the southern hemisphere.
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offenen See" (H-RAs, holotypus). I.
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-- f. confluens (MAGN.) FREY 216 --
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-fragile (L.) HOFFM. 327 - fronduli
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-- var. sorediiferum NYL. 226, 312
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- turgescens Nn. 252 - tyroliense (
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A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

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