A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

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280 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 43 1977 species of this group, St. trachyphloeum LAMB, the apothecia and the pseudopodetia proved to contain different substances (see p. 304). Distrib. : very widely distributed and common in the southern hemisphere, and penetrating into the northern hemisphere in Central America and the West Indies as far north as Mexico; also in Hawaii. Southern hemisphere: Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand (including the subantarctic islands), New Hebrides (var. macrocarpum), New Caledonia (var. macrocarpum), Tahiti (var. macrocarpum), Fiji (?, somewhat doubtful), central Africa (Uganda, Zaire, Rwanda-Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania), Gough Island in the S. Atlantic, Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands, South Georgia (var. pulvinare), Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil. Northern hemisphere: Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica, Cuba (var. perpumilum), Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Curacao, Puerto Rico, Hawaiian Islands. Unverified records:" Himalayan region (CHOPRA, 1934; BISWAS, 1947); China (ZAHLBRUCKNER, 1934); Java (ZAHLBRUCKNER, 1956); Comores Islands (NYLANDER, 1860, as St. proximum); Amsterdam Island (S. Indian Ocean) (NYLANDER, 1886, as St. proximum); Tristan da Cunha (HUE, 1898-1901 ; LYNGE, 1937, as St. rnixtum); Canary Islands (KLEMENT, 1965), probably referable to St. atlanticum (LAMB) LAMB. Erroneous records: Japan (YASUDA, 1925,=St. sorediiferum HUE); Philippines (ZAHLBRUCKNER in Krypt. Exs. Vindob. no. 2067, as St. mixtum,=St. massartianum HUE); South Africa (DOIDGE, 1950, as St. proximum; apparently a misinterpretation of NYLANDER'S record from the Comores Islands mentioned above); the specimen quoted as from the Cape of Good Hope by TH. FRIES, 1858, p. 25, collected by FRASER, was almost certainly from Au~tralia~~. St. ramulosum probably represents an old Antarcto-Tertiary element, as its distribution agrees in the main with that of Astelia (Liliaceae), of which SKOTTSBERC (1960) writes: "Astelia is one of the best examples of an old Antarcto-Tertiary genus, now spread around the colder southern hemisphere, with scattered insular stations and extending north to the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific and to the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean." St. salazinum (BORY) FBE, a species very closely related to St. ramulosum, does occur in the Mascarene Islands (Reunion). A similar distribution pattern is shown by the phanerogam genera Acaena, Gunnera, Nertera and Brachycoma, included by VAN STEENIS (1953) in the "General Subantarctic" floral element. Remarks: shows considerable variation in stature and habitus. Occasionally, when growing among grasses, the pseudopodetia are often more slender and tend to be emorient at the base. The hypothecium is more or less brownish and nubilated up to the base of the hymenium, without any intervening hyaline stratum as in St. implexum TH. FR. This brownish coloration usually disappears on treatment with KHO, except in W. Indian specimens and var. pilophoroides (TUCK.) LAMB, in which a certain degree of pigmentation is present and some brown color persists in the hypothecium when thus treated. Hymenium (6%) 7%80 (-1 10) p high. Spores 3-5 (-7)-septate, (28-) 3240 (-90) x3.tk3.5 (4.0) p. Pycnoconidia filiform, arcuate, 9-1 1 x ca. 0.5 p. The ontogenetic development of St. ramulosum has been described and figured by JAHNS (1970). St. ramulosum f. genuinum TH. FR. designates the typical species; Lichen ramulosus Sw. is cited as synonym, and the type of the latter is also that of the nomenclaturally superfluous forma. Var. compactum MULL. ARG. is merely a stunted and depauperate condition. Var. microcarpoides MULL. ARG. is a fortuitously microcarpic state with apothecia 1 mm or less in diameter. F. strigosum TH. FR. is a taxonomically insignificant condition of lax and elongated growth habitus. St. furcatum FR. was based on a small and delicate growth state of St. 5r TUCKERMAN, 1872, 1882-88, mentions specimens said to have been collected in North America, but considers such records doubtful. RIDDLE (1910) also mentions a reputed occurrence in Oregon, but is of the opinion that a confusion of labels was involved. We have never seen St. ramulosum from the continental United States, although the related St. rnicrocarpum MULL. ARC. occurs there. The closely related species St. meyeri B. STEIN does however occur in South Africa.
I. MACKENZIE LAMB: A Conspectus of Stereocaulon 28 1 ramulosum; it was confused with St. virgatum ACH. by TH FRIES (1857), this error being pointed out by M~~LLER ARG. (1887). St. vimineum TH. FR. is a state of St. ramulosum with markedly harmonic basal phyllocladial branchlets, a not uncommon condition in this species. NYLANDER (1860 and elsewhere) segregated several species from St. ramulosum mainly or entirely on the basis of different Cyanophyceous algae in the cephalodia. He did not recognize them as such, but commented on their resemblance to blue-green algal genera, using e.g. the term "sirosiphoid" for Stigonema filaments. He considered St. ramulosum (s. str.) to be characterized by Nostoc-like "granula gonimia" in the cephalodia, which was an incorrect assumption if reference is made to the actual type specimen, which has Scytonema. NYLANDER'S segregates, which all belong to St. ramulosum, were St. mixtum NYL. (Scytonema in cephalodia), St. proximum NYL. ('Lsir~~iphoid'', i.e. Stigonema in cephalodia) and St. ramulosum subsp. macrocarpoides NYL. (like var. macrocarpum (RICH.) BAB., but with "sirosiphoid gonimia", i.e. Stigonema in cephalodia instead of Nostocoid). FORSELL (1883) however showed that in St. ramulosum different genera of Cyanophyceae may occur on the same individual and even in the same cephalodium, and the distinction of different species on this basis has been accordingly denied by HELLBOM (1896) and DEGELIUS (1941). Nevertheless, it has been observed that the typical species usually has Stigonema or Scytonema in the cephalodia (rarely Nostocoid algae) whereas the f. elegans has most frequently Nostocoid algae (LAMB, 1951, p. 542-543). Fo. elegans TH. FR. De Stereoc. et Pilophor. Comment. : 11 (1857);n0 Monogr. Stereoc. et Pilophor. : 328 (sep. 24) (1858); HUE, NOUV. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. ser. 3, 10: 244 (sep. 32) (1898).80 Typus: several collections cited from Campbell Island, Magellan Straits, Chile (Valdivia), Cape of Good Hope and Australia, no holotype designated. DODGE (1929, p. 137) lectotypified it on a specimen from Magellan Straits, leg. N. J. ANDERSON (date ?) (UPS-TH FR, lectotypus). Facultative synonym: Stereocaulon proximum f. traversii HUE, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. ser. 3, 10: 245 (sep. 33) (1898). Exsicc. : ARN. Lich. Exs. (Lich. Jurae) no. 1209 (date ?), as St. proximum (FH). - FOLLM. Lich. Exs. Sel. Mus. Hist. Nat. Casselensi Fasc. VII (1975) no. 136 (FH, KASSEL). Icon. : HOOK. F. 184547, PI. LXXX, fig. 1, as St. ramulosum. Remarks: a luxuriant form of the cooler southern hemisphere, reaching a height of 12 (-18) cm and with elegantly branched phyllocladia. Common in southern Argentina and Chile, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania and the subantarctic islands. Sometimes apparently transitional to the var. macrocarpum (RICH.) BAB. Cephalodia usually with Nostocoid algae, rarely Stigonema or Scytonema. Fo. nudatum (MULL. ARG.) LAMB (n. comb.) Basionym: Stereocaulon proximum var. nudatum MULL. ARG. Flora, 69: 252 (1886); DODGE, Ann. Cryptog. Exot. 2 (2): 136 (1929). - Stereocaulon ramulosum var. nudatum (MULL. ARG.) MULL. ARG. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 32: 199 (1896); LAMB ex FREY, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 86: 247 (1967). Typus: Australia; 2 collections cited, one without exact locality ("Australia Felice"). DODGE (1929) selected as lectotype the specimen from Brogers Creek, leg. BAUERLEN, 1884 (no. 10) (G-MULL, lectotypus). There as St. ramulosum ,5'. elegans; referred to as a forma in the accompanying text. Bo AS St. ramulosum var. elegans, not an intentional new combination. This taxon is accorded varietal rank also by several other authors, under the impression that TH. FRIES described it as such.
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-- f. confluens (MAGN.) FREY 216 --
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-fragile (L.) HOFFM. 327 - fronduli
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-- var. sorediiferum NYL. 226, 312
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- turgescens Nn. 252 - tyroliense (
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A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

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