A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

I. MACKENZIE LAMB: A Conspectus of Stereocaulon 241
Exsicc.: ARN. Lich. EXS. (Lich. Jurae) no. 652a, b (date ?), as St. alpinum var. tyroliense (ups);
no. 1541 (1892), as Stereocladium tyroliense (EM). - Krypt. Exs. Vindob. Cent. XXIII (1915) no. 2275,
pr. p., as St. alpinum var. tyroliense (St. saxonicum on 2nd. emended label) (s. But in co~o and FH it is
St. pileatum AcH., and in PR a mixture of St. nanodes and St. pileatum). - MAGN. Lich. Sel. Scand. Exs.
Fasc. I (1927) no. 6, as St. tyroliense var. lapponicum (ups); Fasc. X (1937) no. 240, as St. saxonicum
(CAN, LD, PR, S, UPS-MAGN). - MALME, Lich. Suec. Exs. Fasc. XXXVII (date ?) no. 918, pr. p., as St.
pileatum (the specimen from Sweden) (wrs). - PISUT, Lich. Slovak. EXS. Fasc. IX (1972) no. 211 (BRNU).
- RAs. Lich. Fenn. Exs. Fasc. V (1936) no. 201, as St. tyroliense var. lapponica (UPS). - SUZA, Lich.
Bohemoslovak. Exs. Fasc. 1V (1929) no. 105, as St. saxonicum (UPS-MAGN); Fasc. VII (1932) no. 198,
as St. tyroliense (PR). - V~ZDA, Lich. Bohemoslovak. Exs. Fasc. I1 (1957) no. 45, as St. tyroliense (FH,
LD). - VEZDA, Lich. Sel. Exs. Fasc. XVII (1965) no. 416 (LD); Fasc. XXXlX (1971) no. 965 (FH, LD);
Fasc. LII (1975) no. 1289 (FH).
Icon.: FREY 1932, fig. 15; PI. I, fig. 2, as St. tyroliense; PI. I, fig. 3, as St. tyroliense var. lapponum
[sic]; 1959, fig. 4. - Oz. et CLAUZ. 1970, fig. 387A, B. - DAHL et KR~C 1973, fig. 38.
Mat. chim. : atranorin and lobaric acid. Occasionally in a deficient phase with atranorin
only (cfr. HUNECK, 1966). RAMAUT and SCHUMACKER (1962) reported atranorin, lobaric
acid and stictic acid, probably as a result of working with heterogeneous material.
Distrib. : northern and central Europe; very locally in N. E. North America (Mt. Washington area
in New Hampshire). Sweden, Norway, Finland, Belgium, England, Germany, Switzerland, Austria,
Italy, Czechoslovakia, U. S. S. R. (Karelia ladogensis), U. S. A. (New Hampshire). Unverified records:
Poland (TOEOLEWSKI, 1965; NOWAK, 1968); Argentina (RASANEN, 1941). Erroneous records: Newfoundland
(ECKFELDT, 1895), =mixture of St. pileatum ACH. and Cladonia decorticata (FLORKE) SPRENG,
fide RIDDLE (1910); Peru (LEIGHTON, 1866),=Leprocaulon congestum (NYL.) LAMB et WARD.
Remarks: originally collected in 1848, it still occurs in the locus classicus (Amrnonoosuck
River, New Hampshire), where we collected good and typical material in 1966. St, tyroliense
var. Iapponicum MAGN. represents the optimally developed state, and St. tyroliense (NYL.)
LETT. the commonly occurring incompletely developed state; St. hypopetraeum VAIN. represents
an intermediate condition. Some ecological notes on its occurrence in Switzerland
are given by FREY (1959). St. nanodes is commonly a pioneer plant on substrata rich in heavy
metals, such as slag heaps, and is highly resistant to atomospheric pollution. It may occur
on calamine slag substrata with a zinc content of up to 700 p.p.m., and concentrates that
element in the thallus up to 3300 p.p.m. (MAQUINAY, LAMB, LAMBINON and RAMAUT, 1961;
LAMBINON, 1964). POELT (1972) records its occurrence in Berlin, obviously as a result of
quite recent colonization; some specimens were growing on the rusty surface of disused iron
railroad tracks. It is usually saxicolous, but occasionally occurs also on lignum; it was
found in Tirol growing on wooden vineyard poles regularly sprayed with copper compounds
(POELT and HUNECK, 1968).
Fo. carinthiacum (FREY) LAMB
ex FREY, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 69: 189 (1959); POELT, Bestimmungsschlii~~el Europaischer Flechten:
634 (1969). - Stereocaulon carinthiacum FREY, Rabenhorsts Krypt.-FI. 9, Abt. IV, 1. Halfte: 113
(1932).
Typus: Austria, Karnten, "Sieben Hiigel" near Klagenfurt, leg. J. STEINER (no. 195; date ?) (B,
holotypus, destroyed in World War 11, and not seen by us). FREY collected more material in the type
locality in 1931, and it is preserved in CAN, FREY and UPS-MAGN.
Facultative synonym: Stereocaulon ostrobottniae MAGN. ex AHLN. Acta Soc. Fauna FI. Fern. 62
(8): 7 (1940).
Exsicc.: SCHADE, STOLLE et RIEHM. Lich. Sax. Exs. Decas XXXIII (1927) no. 330, pr. p., as Stereo-