A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

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220 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 43 1977 more so to St. vanoyei DUVIGN.) is superficial and coincidental. When typically developed, it is noteworthy for its rather large, apically produced, convex and pileate-squamulose phyllocladia, but the var. caespitosulum more resembles St. evolutum GRAEWE and St. saxatile MAGN.; from the latter it is distinguished by its strongly ligneous, firmly affixed, non-tomentose pseudopodetia. The spores of var. caespitosulum are 3-septate, 20-33 x34 p; the typical species has not been found with apothecia. Var. caespitosulum (NYL.) LAMB (n. comb.)13 Basionym: Stereocaulon denudatum var. caespitosulum NYL. Synopsis Methodica Lichenum, 1 (2): 247, footnote (1860). - Stereocaulon depreaultii var. caespitosulum (NYL.) LAMB ex THOMS. Bryologist, 57: 284 (1954) (comb. inval., basionym not cited), ex IMSH. Bryologist, 60: 223 (1957) (val.). -Stereocaulonpaschale subsp. depreaultii var. caespitosulum (NYL.) LAMB, Ann. Rep. Nat. Mus. Canada, 1952- 53, Bull. no. 132: 274 (1954). Typus: U. S. A., "ad terram in montibus Novae Angliae", leg. E. TUCKERMAN (date ?) (TUCK. Lich. Amer. Septentr. Exs. no. 114 in H-NYL, holotypus. The isotypes seen in various herbaria are identical). Exsicc.: Lich. Canad. Exs. no. 64 (1970) (CAN). - MERR. Lich. EXS. Ser. 11, Fasc. I (1925) no. 7, as St. paschale var. conglomerata (c, COLO, FH, UPS-MAGN, US, WIS). - TUCK. Lich. Amer. Septentr. Exs. Fasc. V (1854) no. 114, as St. denudatum (FH, H-NYL, TENN, US, isotype material). 18. Stereocaulon grande (MAGN.) MAGN. ex NILSS. Ark. f. Bot. 24A (3): 71 (1931); POELT, Bestimmungsschliissel Europaischer Flechten: 647 (1969); DAHL et KROG, Macrolichens of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden: 141 (1973). - Stereocaulon paschale var. grande MAGN. Goteborgs K. Vetensk.- o. Vitterh.-Samh. Handl. ser. 4, 30 (7): 49 (1926). - Stereocaulon alpinum var. grande (MAGN.) FREY, Bull. Murith. Soc. Valais Sci. Nat. 54: 85 (1937). Typus: several localities in Sweden mentioned, no holotype designated. As lectotype we have selected the specimen from Jamtland, par. Kall, Sundet, leg. A. H. MAGNUSSON, 1914 (UPS-MAGN, lectotypus, lectotypif. nov.). It was marked as type specimen by MAGNUSSON himself. Exsicc.: Lichenotheca Fenn. Fasc. XXXI (1953) no. 758, as St. tomentosum (FH); Fasc. XLlV (1958) no. 1080, as St. paschale (FH). - MAGN. Lich. Sel. Scand. Exs. Fasc. X (1937) no. 238 (PR, s). - Rds. Lich. Fenn. Exs. Fasc. VIII (1939) no. 396, as St. squamescens (GB, LD). - VEZDA, Lich. Sel. Exs. Fasc. XIX (1966) no. 465, as St. paschale (FH). Icon.: FREY 1932, PI. 111, fig. 4 pr. p. (right-hand specimen only).14 Mat. chim. : atranorin and lobaric acid. Distrib.: boreal-circumpolar, apparently not occurring in central Europe. Sweden, Norway, Finland, U. S. S. R. (Kola Peninsula, Sayan Mts., Kamtchatka), W. Greenland, Canada (Ontario, QuBbec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Labrador, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, N. W. Territ.), U. S. A. (Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, Alaska). Remarks: a rather unsatisfactory species from the taxonomic point of view, being intermediate between St. paschale (L.) H<strong>OF</strong>FM. and St. alpinum var. erectum FREY, and partaking of the characters of both. Only when well and typically developed is it clearly distinguishable. Its characteristic features, in approximate order of constancy and reliability, are: (1) phyllo- l3 This combination made on label of Lich. Canad. Exs. no. 64 (1970), but invalid (basionym not cited). l4 The description given by FREY, 1932, p. 155, is not reliable for this species, as it refers in part to St. alpinum var. erectum FREY. His illustrations loc. cit., apart from the one listed above, which is of part of the type (lectotype) material of St. grande, depict specimens of St. alpinum var. erectum.
I. MACKENZIE LAMB: A Conspectus of Stereocaulon 221 cladia mostly of the paschale-type (but somewhat coarser); (2) cephalodia pulvinate to subglobose, smooth or verruculose-divided, usually pale br'own, containing either Arostoc or Stigonema; (3) apothecia large, terminal, often subdividing; (4) usually of tall growth, 4- 8 cm high. MAGNUSSON (1946, p. 92) states that St. grande has longer conidia than St. paschale. AHTI (1964, p. 24) points out that St. grande seems to be ecologically distinguished from St. paschale and St. alpinum. While undoubtedly more than a mere ecotypic modification, St. grande is perhaps not entitled to the rank of a proper species. 19. Stereocaulon groenlandicum (DAHL) LAMB Occas. Papers Farlow Herb. Crypt. Bot. no. 5: 10 (1973). - Stereocaulon rivulorum var. groenlandicum DAHL, Meddel. Gronland, 150 (2): 117 (1950). Typus: S. W. Greenland, Julianehaab Distr., Igalikofjord, Igdleriigssalik, altit. 700-800 m s. m., leg. E. DAHL, 1937 (0, holotypus; c, us, isotypes). Icon.: DAHL 1950, PI. 11, fig. 2, as St. rivulorum var. groenlandicum. -LAMB 1973, figs. 9, 10a, b, c, 11. Mat. chim.: the full chemical spectrum (as in the type material) consists of atranorin, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid, miriquidic acid, and some unidentified substances. Miriquidic acid is obviously an accessory substance, as many of the specimens seen lack it. A strongly deficient phase with only atranorin certainly identifiable is also of moderately common occurrence, which makes distinction from St. depressum (FREY) LAMB difficult. Distrib. : boreal-arctic, probably circumpolar. Rare in N. Scandinavia: Sweden (Ase~e Lappmark) and Norway (Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Tromso, Sogn og Fjordane). More common in the arctic and subarctic regions: Spitsbergen, Greenland, Canada (N. W. Territ.), U. S. A. (Alaska). Remarks: most closely related to the mainly Fennoscandian species St. depressum (FREY) LAMB, which always contains atranorin only. However, as mentioned above, a deficient phase of St. groenlandicum with atranorin only is sometimes found, and the question arises as to whether the two species may be synonymous, although St. depressum is usually distinguishable in its morphology (more flattened and dorsiventral growth-habitus). In the meantime, it seems best to treat them as separate species. Smaller, more stunted specimens of St. groenlandicum not clearly showing the characteristic ligneous development of the pseudopodetia are morphologically hardly distinguishable from St. rivulorum MAGN. 20. Stereocaulon incrustatum FLORKE Deutsche Lichenen, Lief. IV: 12 (1819); TH. FR. Monographia Stereocaulorum et Pilophororum: 360 (1858); HUE, NOUV. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. ser. 3, 10: 255 (1898), as St. tomentosum var. incrustatum; MAGN. Gijteborgs K. Vetensk.- o. Vitterhdamh. Handl. ser. 4, 30 (7): 59 (1926); FREY, Rabenhorsts Krypt.-FI. 9, Abt. IV, 1. Halfte: 172 (1932); RAs. Suomen Jakalakasvio: 68 (1951); YOSHIM. Lichen Flora of Japan in Colour: 177 (1974). - Stereocaulon tomentosum var. incrustatum (FLORKE) SCHAER. Lichenum Helveticorum Spicilegium, Sect. VI: 276 (1833). - Stereocaulon tomentosum [subsp.] * incrustatum (FLORKE) NYL. Synopsis Methodica Lichenum, 1 (2): 245 (1860). Typus: Germany, Schmargendorf in Grunewald near Berlin, "an der Erde in den Tannenwaldungen", leg. H. G. FLORKE, 1816 (UPS-TH FR, S, isotypes; the holotype in herb. FLORKE not seen by us). The material distributed with the original description in FLORKE'S exsiccat Deutsch. Lich. no. 77 bears no indication of locality, but is probably also isotype material. FLORKE, loc. cit., also mentioned specimens from Rostock, so lectotypification on the Schmargendorf material is necessary (lectotypif. nov.). Facultative synonyms: Patellaria tomentosa /3. erecta WALLR. Flora Cryptogamica Germaniae,
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offenen See" (H-RAs, holotypus). I.
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-- f. confluens (MAGN.) FREY 216 --
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-fragile (L.) HOFFM. 327 - fronduli
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-- var. sorediiferum NYL. 226, 312
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- turgescens Nn. 252 - tyroliense (
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