A CONSPECTUS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STEREOCAULON ...

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306 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 43 1977 by a uniform, transparent, gelatinized cortical layer (LAMB, 1976). The apothecia are often pseudolecanorine with pale pseudothalline margin, as in the type material of St. lecanoreurn NYL. ZAHLBRUCKNER (1926-27), following NYLANDER (1860), included St. Iecanoreurn in subgen. Lecanocaulon. Although occasional symbiotic algae (Trebouxia) may be present entangled among the loosened hyphae on the outer side of the excipulum, the structure of the apothecium in St. stricturn, as in all other Stereocaulon species, is not truly lecanorine. St. substricturn HUE (1898) and St. peladense VAIN. (1926) are illegitimate nomina nova for St. stricturn, unnecessarily given on account of Stereocaulon rarnulosurn var. stricturn BAB. (1852, syn. St. foliolosurn var. stricturn (BAB.) LAMB). Var. compressum (NYL.) LAMB ex VBZDA, Lich. Sel. Exs. no. 1435 (1976). - Stereocaulon proximum var. compressum NYL. Synopsis Methodica Lichenum, 1 (2): 237 (1860). - Stereocaulon explanatum LAMB, Canad. J. Bot. 29: 582 (1951) (ut nom. nov.). Typus: Colombia (Nova Granata), exact locality not stated, leg. GOUDOT, 1844 (PC, holotypus). Facultative synonym: Stereocaulon ramulosum f. compressum NYL. Synopsis Methodica Lichenum, 1 (2): 236 (1860). Exsicc.: Lich. Exs. Sect. Bot. Mus. Hist.-Nut. Hungar. (1969) no. 86, as St. proximum (LD). - V~ZDA, Lich. Sel. Exs. Fasc. LVIII (1976) no. 1435 (BRNU). Icon.: LAMB 1951, fig. 5, as St. explanatum. Remarks: apices of pseudopodetia flattened, spathulate, corticated on one side, sorediate on the other. Apothecia rarely developed. Transitional states between the variety and the typical species are sometimes found. The nomen novum explanaturn LAMB was unnecessarily created on account of the mention of "Stereocaulon cornpressurn LINDS." in ZAHLBRUCKNER'S Catalogus, but that proved to be merely a lapsus, for LINDSAY'S reference is to Sphaerophoron cornpressurn. Sect. 2. Redingeria LAMB 121. Stereocaulon caespitosum RED. Hedwigia, 76: 132,138 (1936); MARTIN et CHILD, Lichens of New Zealand: 155 (1972). - Gymnocaulon caespitosum (RED.) DWIGN. Lejeunia, Mtm. no. 14: 14 (1956) (comb. inval.). Typus: New Zealand, South Island, Otago, Mt. Maungatua near Dunedin, altit. 900m s. m., on schistose rock, leg. J. S. THOMSON (date ?); 2 collecting numbers cited, 185 and 485, of which we designate the former as lectotype (DSIR, lectotypus, lectotypif. nov.). Icon.: RED. 1936, figs. 1 A, 2 E, F. -LAMB 1951, figs. 3, 4. Mat. chirn.: the internal tissues give a strong red reaction with PD, and most specimens contain atranorin, protocetraric acid, furnarprotocetraric acid, and an unidentified pigment. Two specimens from Tasmania, however, although giving a similar reaction, were found to be of different chemical constitution: one contained atranorin and bourgeanic acidrs, the other apparently atranorin only. The chemistry of this species requires further investigation. Distrib.: New Zealand (South Island), Australia, Tasmania, Campbell Island. Remarks: a specimen from the type locality in New Zealand formed a patch about 1 m in diameter, estimated as being more than 400 years old (J. MURRAY, personal communication). The ontogenetic development of this species was studied by JAHNS (1970). 70 Bourgeanic acid, an aliphatic compound, was first named, isolated and characterized (from species of Ramalina) by BODO, HEBRARD, MOLHO and MOLHO, 1973. It occurs also in several other species of Stereocaulon.
I. MACKENZIE LAMB: A Conspectus of Stereocaulon 307 122. Stereocaulon gregarium RED. Hedwigia, 76: 139 (1936); MARTIN et CHILD, Lichens of New Zealand: 155 (1972). - Gymnocaulon gregarium (RED.) DUVIGN. Lejeunia, MBm. no. 14: 14 (1956) (comb. inval.). Typus: New Zealand, South Island, Otago, Flagstaff Hill near Dunedin, on schistose rock, leg. J. S. THOMSON (date ?) (no. 149) (DSIR, holotypus). Icon.: RED. 1936, fig. 3. - MARTIN and CHILD 1972, PI. 47, upper left. Mat. chim.: the full chemical spectrum consists of atranorin, protocetraric acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, perlatolic acid, colensoinic acid, anziaic acid, and possibly sublimbatic acid.80 Deficient phase I, with atranorin, protocetraric acid and furnarprotocetraric acid. Deficient phase 11, with atranorin, protocetraric acid and perlatolic acid. Distrib. : New Zealand (North Island, South Island, Stewart Island). In North Island it appears to be rare. Remarks: very similar to St. caespitosum RED., but differing in the pale, wrinkled-scrobiculate cephalodia, the almost unpigmented hypothecium, the longer and narrower spores, and the filiform conidia. Ontogenetic development investigated by JAHNS (1970). 123. Stereocaulon loricatum LAMB in GALLOWAY, LAMB et BRATT, Lichenologist, 8: 61 (1976). Typus: New Zealand, South Island, West Matukituki Valley, Mt. French, altit. 1600 m s. m., on rock, leg. D. J. GALLOWAY, 1967 (FH, h010typuS; BM, CHR, isotypes). Icon.: GALLOWAY, LAMB and BRATT 1976, PI. I, A, B. Mat. chim.: atranorin, colensoinic acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, salazinic acid (often in only trace amounts). Distrib. : New Zealand (South Island). Remarks: known from 7 collections. APPENDIX 1 St. paschale (L.) H<strong>OF</strong>FM. St. paschale is the type species of the genus Stereocaulon, and the type specimen must be one of those seen by LINNB in drawing up his description of Lichen paschalis (1753) and preserved in his herbarium at the Linnean Society of London (LINN). VAINIO, 1886, cited 4 sheets seen by him in the Linnean herbarium, which he referred, without comments, to Stereocaulon pascale [sic]. The situation is however somewhat more complicated. There are actually 6 sheets bearing material of "Lichen paschalis", of which 4 were labelled by other authors (LINN. fil., EHRHART) and were probably inserted after the date of publication and hence not to be considered as type material. The 2 sheets labelled by LINNB himself are nos. 1273-254 and 1273-259. The former is labelled "Lichen pascalis globuliferus" by LINNB and ~aschalis" by LINNAEUS fil., and bears one specimen of Stereocaulon ramulosum (Sw.) RAUSCH., as correctly determined by RIDDLE; the latter bears in LINNB'S handwriting "paschalis" and the numbers 982 and 68, and has 8 specimens, of which RIDDLE has stated, in an Sublimbatic acid is a substance of uncertain chemical affinity described by HALE (1967) from Parrnelia hypomelaena HALE and several other species of subgen. Xanthoparmelia. It has also been found in Stereocaulon pachycephalum VAIN.
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