Small Riga Ghetto

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220 Leibsohn, however, was arrested and put in prison. Others said that because he was in the fashion business the SA had sent him to Hungary. No details are known about his fate; in any case, he has not shown up among the survivors so far. j) Reichsbahn (Reich Railroad) This satellite camp was so named because its inmates worked on the Railroad of the German Reich. There were about 850 men, women and children, who were housed near the freight depot. A great many of them were Jews from Liepāja, for example the lawyer Kaganski, the writer Julius Rabinowitsch, the Schwab boys * and others. Among the <strong>Riga</strong> Jews sent to this barracks camp were Robert Schlomowitsch, Borkum and Jewoschker. The latter considered no effort too great to organize religious services again and again. Bernhard Boris (Bubi) Schwab * [Ed.: the brothers Bernhard and George Schwab]
221 Everyone lived there in the barracks, but in comparison to other satellite camps, these living conditions were not bad at all. The camp elder was the German Jew Steinberg, and the camp commander was the SS man and Reich Railroad official Keller. * In addition, Chief Inspector Schibbe from Eberswalde had a particularly bad reputation. For even the smallest infraction people were transported back to Kaiserwald and then, for punishment, moved on to Stützpunkt (for example, Leib Saminski and Mote Neu from Liepāja). On 20 July 1944 Rafael Schub, Per Ostrowski and Remigolski escaped. The latter hid in the home of a Latvian in the city. After the Latvian had taken his valuables away from him he turned him out onto the street. Remigolski was caught and shot. In the Reich Railroad camp as in other camps, a large-scale extermination action was carried out in July 1944; about 350 people lost their lives in this action. The others were transported via Stutthof to Stolp. They worked there under very difficult conditions, and only a few of them survived. k) Balastdamm (Balasta Dam) The Commerce Department of the higher-ranking SS had moved its camp to the banks of the Daugava River. Here Jews were used for transport work and other types of work. As long as the ghetto existed, a work crew went out from it every day to work here. Later, after Kaiserwald was set up, a small camp for about 300 persons, including thirty women, was set up directly on the Balasta Dam. These people worked not only for the higher-ranking SS but also in the nearby Zunda sawmill. Their work consisted of sorting lumber (they had to pull logs out of the water onto land) and working in the carpentry workshops. The inmates were housed in completely unhygienic barracks guarded by the Latvian SS. The local representative of the Kaiserwald concentration camp was Unterscharführer Decker, an extreme sadist. The post of camp elder was held by the Czech Jew Oppenheimer, and among those responsible for maintaining order inside the camp was a certain Gläser. The poor rations and the hard labor caused very many cases of illness, most of which ended in death after the people were taken to Kaiserwald. Among the inmates of the Balasta Dam satellite camp were Rabbi Gawartin of Kreuzburg with his brother, Director Bergmann of the public college-preparatory school, the teacher Gramm, the three Kor brothers, Itrow, Egber and others. At one point a certain Schmuljan es- * [Ed.: Köhler]
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Max Kaufmann Churbn Lettland The De
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Contents 5 George Schwab: Foreword
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George Schwab * Foreword 7 Max Kauf
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Paul A. Shapiro * Preface to the Fi
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11 about the Holocaust in Latvia af
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Gertrude Schneider * Introduction 1
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15 stood what they had to do. He al
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17 He saw to it that they met each
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19 Max Kaufmann Churbn Lettland The
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23 Yizkor (Commemoration) The commu
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Nochum Senitzki * 26 Foreword (Germ
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28 For the few remaining Jews who s
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30 mann). The Jews played a large r
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32 Later on, the revisionist Zionis
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34 War 1941 - 1945 The Germans Marc
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36 ready working out the plans for
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38 the way there, we were beaten ag
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40 very decent and sympathetic pers
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42 The following experience also be
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44 X. Buoyed up by their victories
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46 XII. A special Bureau of Jewish
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48 Jēkabpils, Katoļu, Sadovnika i
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50 thing happened bchipozoin (in ha
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52 II. As soon as the ghetto was lo
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54 In one single outpatient clinic,
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56 where he had hidden his possessi
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58 Eljaschow, in Sadovnika Street.
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60 strewn with belongings that had
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62 Wi dajne kinder plogt man Man ma
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64 The lawyer Wittenberg had taken
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66 reported that the guards had tak
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68 been arrested and then murdered)
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70 After we had happily settled all
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72 which was in fact our "host". Th
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74 still stationed there in order t
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76 When we went to work in the morn
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78 The first outside work crews * c
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80 it with my life!" Now we had to
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82 The names I noted among them are
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84 Later it became known that the "
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86 and Dr. May, also made continual
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88 German Jews. Our brothers were w
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90 Feitelsohn (from Bauska), Meilac
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92 caused a great deal of damage to
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94 The SS man Migge made himself ve
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96 The NSDAP work crew included A.
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98 An eyewitness told me about this
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100 A large crowd had gathered and
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102 That evening, when the take had
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104 Among the people who had been s
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106 Although the Command Headquarte
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108 Some of the Jews were also kill
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110 Germany. Slowly a fire was star
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112 the detective from Berlin * - w
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114 longed to "nobody" piled up. Th
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116 When the work camps were formed
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118 the police station in Mazā Kal
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120 later the others also arrived;
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122 Klempmann Winnik, Ch. Kramer, B
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124 A small group of Jews had been
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126 During these final days, our gh
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128 Part II The "Zentralka" and "Te
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130 Šķirotava railroad station, b
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132 also a Russian newspaper founde
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134 sisting of older people, were a
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136 The graves were dug deep, very
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138 (Bombs, bombs fall down) was ve
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140 letzten Weg" (Don't ever say th
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142 even tried to convert us to it.
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144 released from it. Unfortunately
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146 When everyone came back from wo
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148 forest, was well-known to all t
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150 taken to the house at 56 Ludzas
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152 well-known today in the Soviet
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154 rabbi Fuchs and the equally pro
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156 were forced to take off all the
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158 camp in Riga and the last one i
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160 others were taken to the Daugav
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162 Zemgale, Kurzeme and Vidzeme a)
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164 In the Riga ghetto a certain Zi
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166 Mass Killing of Libau (Liepaja)
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168 Part III The "Kaiserwald" Conce
Page 168 and 169: 170 tions, so their numbers shrank
Page 170 and 171: 172 IV. The Kaiserwald concentratio
Page 172 and 173: 174 VI. The transfer of the first J
Page 174 and 175: 176 Don't think about your clothes
Page 176 and 177: 178 up of specialists. The first on
Page 178 and 179: 180 XI. After five o'clock the work
Page 180 and 181: 182 For this reason, some of them t
Page 182 and 183: 184 How strongly Jewish religious l
Page 184 and 185: 186 since there was hardly any room
Page 186 and 187: 188 thread or something I had manag
Page 188 and 189: 190 Jews did not regret this death
Page 190 and 191: 192 The barbers (Zijuni and others)
Page 192 and 193: 194 There was a lot of talk about h
Page 194 and 195: 196 he had been a foundling who had
Page 196 and 197: 198 As soon as one murderer was tra
Page 198 and 199: 200 Rēzekne). Several other cases
Page 200 and 201: 202 Even the young people from Viln
Page 202 and 203: 204 In the meantime the camp repres
Page 204 and 205: 206 ways had visitors from the HKP
Page 206 and 207: 208 In Kaiserwald Salaman, Duchowni
Page 208 and 209: 210 Nor did the others remain in th
Page 210 and 211: 212 also sewing machines and things
Page 212 and 213: 214 Bloodsoaked Spilve, which had r
Page 214 and 215: 216 The drives to Kaiserwald to fet
Page 216 and 217: 218 strated his power as much as po
Page 220 and 221: 222 caped from this camp. Because t
Page 222 and 223: 224 delivered new people, but Dunda
Page 224 and 225: 226 A large satellite camp with wor
Page 226 and 227: 228 services were being held in eve
Page 228 and 229: 230 been finished. Apparently an es
Page 230 and 231: 232 in Magdeburg, sometimes earned
Page 232 and 233: 234 lector" - for which one receive
Page 234 and 235: 236 wooden clubs. They explained to
Page 236 and 237: 238 Now the call rang out: "Skilled
Page 238 and 239: 240 cluded people of all nationalit
Page 240 and 241: 242 walls. Our women were put toget
Page 242 and 243: 244 us the "high-society table". If
Page 244 and 245: 246 drove back and forth. I was ass
Page 246 and 247: 248 Lunch was brought to us once a
Page 248 and 249: 250 Godes and Schalit. Their health
Page 250 and 251: 252 bor and the beatings, the infir
Page 252 and 253: 254 ing: "When the bell rings, the
Page 254 and 255: 256 ing. The Americans were getting
Page 256 and 257: 258 quieter, the rest of us gathere
Page 258 and 259: 260 half-Polish, which reassured th
Page 260 and 261: 262 as it had come. Less than an ho
Page 262 and 263: 264 piles of potatoes. Because they
Page 264 and 265: 266 there were numerous cases of il
Page 266 and 267: 268 the weak ones were sent to Buch
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270 The Dachau Concentration Camp (
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272 Many men and women are in unifo
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274 But what I really am is a man w
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276 Other documents of the same tri
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Index of Names A. Abel, Xavier (Mr.
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Deiberg Delatitzka, Rachel Delatitz
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Grundmann, Josef Grünholz Gruschko
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Kaufert Kaufmann (Berlin) Kaufmann
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Machtus, Eddi Machtus, Herbert Maga
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Presma (Daugavpils) Press, Bernhard
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Schneider, (Makkabi) Schneider, arc
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Wiskind Wisner, Heinz, SS medic Wit
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294 Dawid Budnik/Jakow Kaper, Nicht
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Small Riga Ghetto

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