Small Riga Ghetto

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Schneider, (Makkabi) Schneider, architect Schneider, B. Schneider, Mascha Schneidermann Schneier, Kostia Schneier, Mrs. Schnitke (Liepāja) Schönberger Schover, Latvian Schub, Rafael Schugal, engineer Schuhmacher, Private First Class Schulenburg, von der Schulkin Schulkin, Sonia Schuller, SS man Schulmann, Rosa Schultz, Colonel Schultz, Herbert Schwab, Arkady, Dr. (Liepāja) Schwab, Bernhard Schwab, George Schwab, Klara, Mrs. Schwab, Mia Schwabe, column leader Schwartz, Mrs. (Vienna) Schwarz, Frida Schwarz, SS man Schwellenbach, Private First Class Seck, Rudolf, Gestapo member Segal, Betty Segal, engineer Seidemann, engineer Sēja, Ambassador Seliger, SA man Seligsohn, B. Seligsohn, Jr. Seligsohn, Mrs. Seligsohn, Sr. Selionker Sener, J. Senitzki, Nochum, engineer Serensen, Cantor Sichelmann, Josef Sick, Dr. Sienitzki, gardener 290 Siew, Abe (Palestine) Silbermann, Minna Silbermann, Schloime Siliņš, Pēreris, Latvian Silitzki Sima, messenger Simsohn, Ephraim Singel, lawyer Singel, Rosa Sirotinski Sislin (Krāslava) Siwianski, Dr. (Kovno) Siwzon, David (Liepāja) Sjamka, driver Sklar, conductor Skutel Skutelski (Preiļi) Skutelski (Daugavpils) Skutelski, Dr. Skutelski, Schaja Slawin, Boris Slotnikow, carpenter Slowin Slowin, J. Slutzkin, Abrasha Smitzkowitsch, Elias Sobolewitsch brothers Sobolewitsch, Jascha Solomir, Dr. Soloweitschik, E. Soloweitschik, Moisej Sorge, Gustav, SS man (Iron Gustav) Sperling-Tschuzhoj, musician Spitz, Rabbi Springenfeldt Rita, nee Kaplan Springenfeldt, Isia Sproģis, Dr. Srago, Mulja Srago, Raja Stalin, Josef Stameskin (<strong>Riga</strong>) Stanke, SA man Starobin, Grischa Starobin, Jr. Starobin, Salman Starobinetz Stauffenberg, von
Stein, Riwa Steinberg Steinbock, S. Steingold, Chaim Steingold, Georg Steklow, Mrs. Stern, Mrs. Steuer, O. (Prague) Štiglics, Prefect Stoller Storch, Anna Storch, Hillel (Stockholm) Straschun (Vilno) Straschun, dental technician Streicher, Julius Stupel Summer, SS man Swetlanow brothers Swirski, Simon T. Tabak, A. Tabatschnik Taitz, Hanna, singer Tankel Tankelowitsch (Livonia) Temko, musician Terminka, child Tewelow, Ljuba Thal, Dr. Thal, Louis Tīdemanis, Pērkoņkrusts member Traub Treinin Treister, Konrad Triebe, SS man Trohn, lawyer Trubek, Dina Trubek, Nison Tscherfas, Dr., dentist Tschernuschko, Mascha Tuchel, patrolman Tukazier, Abram Tumarkin, Dr., dentist Tuw, Bubi 291 U. Ulmanis, Dr., President Ulmann, butcher Ulmann, Mrs. Ulmann, policeman Ungar, Rabbi Urewitsch Usdin brothers Usischkin V. Valdmanis, Minister Veilands, Latvian Vilsinger, German prisoner Vitola, Latvian Vogel W. Wachtel, M. Waldenberg Wand (Germany) Wange, Paul Wasbutzki Wassermann Weide, Willy Weinberg Weiner, singer Weinreich, Dr. Weinstock (Malta) Weintraub, lecturer Weise, singer Weiß, Captain Weissbein, Director Weissenstein, Otto, actor Weitz Wessel, Horst (Germany) Westermann (Liepāja) Westermann (Stockholm) Westermann, Alexander Westermann, Jonny Westermann, Meier Widser, jeweler Wigdortschik, Dr. Wigodski, Dr. (Vilno) Wilner, Jewish quartermaster Winokur Wischnewska, Mrs.
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Max Kaufmann Churbn Lettland The De
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Contents 5 George Schwab: Foreword
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George Schwab * Foreword 7 Max Kauf
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Paul A. Shapiro * Preface to the Fi
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11 about the Holocaust in Latvia af
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Gertrude Schneider * Introduction 1
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15 stood what they had to do. He al
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17 He saw to it that they met each
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19 Max Kaufmann Churbn Lettland The
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23 Yizkor (Commemoration) The commu
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Nochum Senitzki * 26 Foreword (Germ
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28 For the few remaining Jews who s
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30 mann). The Jews played a large r
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32 Later on, the revisionist Zionis
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34 War 1941 - 1945 The Germans Marc
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36 ready working out the plans for
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38 the way there, we were beaten ag
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40 very decent and sympathetic pers
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42 The following experience also be
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44 X. Buoyed up by their victories
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46 XII. A special Bureau of Jewish
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48 Jēkabpils, Katoļu, Sadovnika i
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50 thing happened bchipozoin (in ha
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52 II. As soon as the ghetto was lo
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54 In one single outpatient clinic,
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56 where he had hidden his possessi
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58 Eljaschow, in Sadovnika Street.
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60 strewn with belongings that had
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62 Wi dajne kinder plogt man Man ma
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64 The lawyer Wittenberg had taken
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66 reported that the guards had tak
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68 been arrested and then murdered)
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70 After we had happily settled all
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72 which was in fact our "host". Th
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74 still stationed there in order t
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76 When we went to work in the morn
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78 The first outside work crews * c
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80 it with my life!" Now we had to
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82 The names I noted among them are
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84 Later it became known that the "
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86 and Dr. May, also made continual
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88 German Jews. Our brothers were w
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90 Feitelsohn (from Bauska), Meilac
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92 caused a great deal of damage to
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94 The SS man Migge made himself ve
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96 The NSDAP work crew included A.
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98 An eyewitness told me about this
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100 A large crowd had gathered and
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102 That evening, when the take had
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104 Among the people who had been s
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106 Although the Command Headquarte
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108 Some of the Jews were also kill
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110 Germany. Slowly a fire was star
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112 the detective from Berlin * - w
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114 longed to "nobody" piled up. Th
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116 When the work camps were formed
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118 the police station in Mazā Kal
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120 later the others also arrived;
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122 Klempmann Winnik, Ch. Kramer, B
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124 A small group of Jews had been
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126 During these final days, our gh
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128 Part II The "Zentralka" and "Te
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130 Šķirotava railroad station, b
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132 also a Russian newspaper founde
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134 sisting of older people, were a
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136 The graves were dug deep, very
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138 (Bombs, bombs fall down) was ve
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140 letzten Weg" (Don't ever say th
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142 even tried to convert us to it.
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144 released from it. Unfortunately
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146 When everyone came back from wo
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148 forest, was well-known to all t
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150 taken to the house at 56 Ludzas
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152 well-known today in the Soviet
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154 rabbi Fuchs and the equally pro
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156 were forced to take off all the
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158 camp in Riga and the last one i
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160 others were taken to the Daugav
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162 Zemgale, Kurzeme and Vidzeme a)
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164 In the Riga ghetto a certain Zi
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166 Mass Killing of Libau (Liepaja)
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168 Part III The "Kaiserwald" Conce
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170 tions, so their numbers shrank
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172 IV. The Kaiserwald concentratio
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174 VI. The transfer of the first J
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176 Don't think about your clothes
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178 up of specialists. The first on
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180 XI. After five o'clock the work
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182 For this reason, some of them t
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184 How strongly Jewish religious l
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186 since there was hardly any room
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188 thread or something I had manag
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190 Jews did not regret this death
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192 The barbers (Zijuni and others)
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194 There was a lot of talk about h
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196 he had been a foundling who had
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198 As soon as one murderer was tra
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200 Rēzekne). Several other cases
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202 Even the young people from Viln
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204 In the meantime the camp repres
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206 ways had visitors from the HKP
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208 In Kaiserwald Salaman, Duchowni
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210 Nor did the others remain in th
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212 also sewing machines and things
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214 Bloodsoaked Spilve, which had r
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216 The drives to Kaiserwald to fet
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218 strated his power as much as po
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220 Leibsohn, however, was arrested
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222 caped from this camp. Because t
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224 delivered new people, but Dunda
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226 A large satellite camp with wor
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228 services were being held in eve
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230 been finished. Apparently an es
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232 in Magdeburg, sometimes earned
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234 lector" - for which one receive
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236 wooden clubs. They explained to
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238 Now the call rang out: "Skilled
Page 238 and 239: 240 cluded people of all nationalit
Page 240 and 241: 242 walls. Our women were put toget
Page 242 and 243: 244 us the "high-society table". If
Page 244 and 245: 246 drove back and forth. I was ass
Page 246 and 247: 248 Lunch was brought to us once a
Page 248 and 249: 250 Godes and Schalit. Their health
Page 250 and 251: 252 bor and the beatings, the infir
Page 252 and 253: 254 ing: "When the bell rings, the
Page 254 and 255: 256 ing. The Americans were getting
Page 256 and 257: 258 quieter, the rest of us gathere
Page 258 and 259: 260 half-Polish, which reassured th
Page 260 and 261: 262 as it had come. Less than an ho
Page 262 and 263: 264 piles of potatoes. Because they
Page 264 and 265: 266 there were numerous cases of il
Page 266 and 267: 268 the weak ones were sent to Buch
Page 268 and 269: 270 The Dachau Concentration Camp (
Page 270 and 271: 272 Many men and women are in unifo
Page 272 and 273: 274 But what I really am is a man w
Page 274 and 275: 276 Other documents of the same tri
Page 276 and 277: Index of Names A. Abel, Xavier (Mr.
Page 278 and 279: Deiberg Delatitzka, Rachel Delatitz
Page 280 and 281: Grundmann, Josef Grünholz Gruschko
Page 282 and 283: Kaufert Kaufmann (Berlin) Kaufmann
Page 284 and 285: Machtus, Eddi Machtus, Herbert Maga
Page 286 and 287: Presma (Daugavpils) Press, Bernhard
Page 290 and 291: Wiskind Wisner, Heinz, SS medic Wit
Page 292: 294 Dawid Budnik/Jakow Kaper, Nicht
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Small Riga Ghetto

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