SUSE LINUX Documentation - Index of
SUSE LINUX Documentation - Index of
SUSE LINUX Documentation - Index of
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104 Start-Up<br />
This column consists <strong>of</strong> one leading character followed by nine characters grouped<br />
in threes. The first <strong>of</strong> the ten letters stands for the type <strong>of</strong> file system component.<br />
The hyphen (–) shows that this is a file. A directory (d), a link (l), a block device<br />
(b), or a character device could also be indicated.<br />
The next three blocks follow a standard pattern. The first three characters refer to<br />
whether the file is readable (r) or not (–). A w in the middle portion symbolizes<br />
that the corresponding object can be edited and a hyphen (–) means it is not possible<br />
to write to the file. An x in the third position denotes that the object can be executed.<br />
Because the file in this example is a text file and not one that is executable, executable<br />
access for this particular file is not needed.<br />
In this example, tux has, as owner <strong>of</strong> the file Roadmap, read (r) and write access<br />
(w) to it, but cannot execute it (x). The members <strong>of</strong> the group project3 can read<br />
the file, but they cannot modify it or execute it. Other users do not have any access<br />
to this file. Other permissions can be assigned by means <strong>of</strong> ACLs (access control<br />
lists).<br />
Directory Permissions<br />
Access permissions for directories have the type d. For directories, the individual<br />
permissions have a slightly different meaning.<br />
Example 3.2 Sample Output Showing Directory Permissions<br />
drwxrwxr-x 1 tux project3 35 Jun 21 15:15 ProjectData<br />
In Example 3.2, “Sample Output Showing Directory Permissions” (page 104), the<br />
owner (tux) and the owning group (project3) <strong>of</strong> the directory ProjectData<br />
are easy to recognize. In contrast to the file access permissions from File Access<br />
(page 103), the set reading permission (r) means that the contents <strong>of</strong> the directory<br />
can be shown. The write permission (w) means that new files can be created. The<br />
executable permission (x) means that the user can change to this directory. In the<br />
above example, the user tux as well as the members <strong>of</strong> the group project3 can<br />
change to the ProjectData directory (x), view the contents (r), and add or<br />
delete files (w). The rest <strong>of</strong> the users, on the other hand, are given less access. They<br />
may enter the directory (x) and browse through it (r), but not insert any new files<br />
(w).