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Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 procedure 48 results 82 2 words 45 earnings 50 3 word 35 firm 46 4 learning 28 variable 44 5 test 24 variables 39 6 language 23 size 36 7 task 23 issues 36 8 results 23 factors 34 9 items 19 returns 30 10 English 18 market 30 Table 9.2. The entities targeted in the SIMILARITY group in A DJ to N Similar observations can be made about the adverbs found to collocate with the pattern A DJ to N. These are given in Table 9.3 below: . Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 phonologically 24 positively 251 2 semantically 18 negatively 173 3 closely 16 significantly 69 4 directly 15 inversely 42 5 positively 11 directly 36 6 significantly 11 qualitatively 33 7 strongly 11 closely 30 8 morphologically 7 strongly 13 9 completely 6 generally 11 10 orthographically 6 statistically 7 Table 9.3. High-frequency ly adverbs with the SIMILARITY group in A DJ to N The adverbs peculiar to ALC are associated with language description and emphasize resemblances in terms of language features: phonologically, semantically, morphologically, orthographically, phonetically (not in the list above) and structurally (not in the list above). On the other hand, the adverbs peculiar to BC describe forms of statistical correlation, such as positively, negatively, inversely, significantly and statistically. In other words, applied linguistics discourse is likely to use this phraseology to relate organic but ambiguous thingsmore internally observable things, whereas in the discourse of business studies it is more likely to identify inorganic but scientific relations that is, externally observable things. The prototypical example in this regard is the LSP equal to N, which expresses an equal relation between entities. Consider the following concordance data: 158
[Applied Linguistics] [Business Studies] As can be seen, the equal relation in ALC can be used to express precise statistical or to express BC, however, only the former meaning is ever made; that is, this phraseology is only used to express relations of a strictly statistical nature. Table 9.4 below summarizes the exact proportions of numerical descriptions in the LSP equal to N in both corpora. ALC Numerical (72%) Non-numerical (28%) BC Numerical (100%) Table 9.4. Ratio of contextual situation in equal to N 159
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Evaluative Meanings and Disciplinar
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study
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CONTENTS C H APT E R 1. Introductio
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C H APT E R 9. The second theme: Re
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Figure A-1 Histogram for tokens of
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Table 8.15 The SKILFULNESS group in
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CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1. Genera
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study are still not large enough fo
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RQ1) Is it valuable to apply a new
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in the way each of these evaluative
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disciplines feature different bodie
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White and Liccardi (2006) have show
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However, it was not possible to cla
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typically presented as impersonal a
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2.5. Applied linguistics and busine
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2.6.2. Business studies Business co
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Swales (2004) thus offers a rather
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genre has come increasingly under t
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CHAPTER 3. Pattern, meaning and eva
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170). 7 On the basis of the vast am
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3.3. Lexico-grammatical patterns 3.
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syntactic patterns encodes differen
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RESULT/DATA based on DATA/THEORY In
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(Biber, 1988, p. 237). Indeed, Chaf
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aspect of language use. For these r
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1986), hedging (Holmes, 1988; Hylan
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adverbs but rather in certain patte
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average work is described as sound
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are also interrelated. In an attemp
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CHAPTER 4. Correspondence analysis
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- end. Although there is no doubt t
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appeal of multivariate analysis is
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While such observations might be in
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The contingency table has the follo
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CHAPTER 5. Corpus creation and meth
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of sub-disciplines contained within
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As Figure 5.1 illustrates, regardle
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corpus-based discourse analysis. Th
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analysis was conducted with the mat
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5.3.4. Discourse analysis procedure
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CHAPTER 6. A case study In this cha
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express human feelings: specificall
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contingency table consists of 66 ro
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of this case study is limited. Howe
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likely to express what they feel ab
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6.2.2. The NERVOUSNESS group While
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adjectives in this group in the pat
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While the LSP enthusiastic about N
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AWARE and IGNORANT group in Francis
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CHAPTER 7. Data analyses 7.1. Intro
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The table is divided into high-freq
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about of Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. B
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Tables 7.2 and 7.3 above indicate t
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same for a corpus of a more special
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Table 7.5 above indicates that simi
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about for from in of on to with 8 l
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In the plot shown in Figure 7.1, it
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Figure 7.4. Adjective plot in the s
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Figure 7.7. Adjective plot for A DJ
Page 119 and 120: Figure 7.9. Adjective plot for the
Page 125 and 126: same time. This being the case, I h
Page 127 and 128: Other adjectives in this quadrant a
Page 129 and 130: This concludes my analysis of the e
Page 131 and 132: Figure 7.21 also indicates that adj
Page 133 and 134: With the sole exception of the patt
Page 135 and 136: evaluation (Martin & Rose, 2007, p.
Page 137 and 138: judgments tend to draw on both emot
Page 139 and 140: [Business studies: neutral about/on
Page 141 and 142: modals in BC, on the other hand, mo
Page 143 and 144: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 more 14
Page 145 and 146: itself. 8.1.3. Importance The third
Page 147 and 148: Fewer of the control variables are
Page 149 and 150: someone/something is certain or unc
Page 151 and 152: current/past oriented. While the nu
Page 153 and 154: monogloss heterogloss ALC 35%(7) 65
Page 155 and 156: that the default assumption among a
Page 157 and 158: monogloss heterogloss ALC 29%(4) 71
Page 159 and 160: general category of appreciation as
Page 161 and 162: while the BC examples evaluate the
Page 163 and 164: it seems that researchers in busine
Page 165 and 166: Overall, my findings suggest that a
Page 167 and 168: interpretation. Finally, these sema
Page 169: entities. This group is especially
Page 173 and 174: The proportions for this group are
Page 175 and 176: In addition, this LSP strongly occu
Page 177 and 178: or evidence in the writers (ongoing
Page 179 and 180: Francis et al. (1998, p. 479) indic
Page 181 and 182: In summary, the intensity of severa
Page 183 and 184: The depended- entities in ALC are p
Page 185 and 186: order ALC freq. BC freq. 1 differen
Page 187 and 188: [Business Studies] Thi
Page 189 and 190: [Applied Linguistics] Scores (but
Page 191 and 192: In general, business studies discou
Page 193 and 194: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 involved
Page 195 and 196: [Applied Linguistics]
Page 197 and 198: [Business Studies] Language is
Page 199 and 200: something (e.g. ability, knowledge,
Page 201 and 202: [Business Studies] Only companies
Page 203 and 204: adverbs. Table 9.18 below summarize
Page 205 and 206: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 responsi
Page 207 and 208: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 present
Page 209 and 210: ALC BC Negative Noun inherent other
Page 211 and 212: In each of the above concordances t
Page 213 and 214: Several adjectives in this group in
Page 215 and 216: [Business Studies] Our sample is r
Page 217 and 218: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 study 27
Page 219 and 220: [Business studies: model + based on
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particular thing in order to deepen
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across the two disciplines. However
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A DJ PR EP N. Figure 10.1. Discipli
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likely to occur in applied linguist
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10.3.2. Cause vs. Effect As argued
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and unostentatious fashion. This fi
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10.4. Conclusion The fundamental as
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as follows: [A new methodology] RQ1
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linguistics and business studies on
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disciplinary culture of the two dis
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p. 156). By investigating a corpus,
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Figure A-3: Histogram for types of
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Appendix B: Tables for adjectives i
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vague 1 worried 1 1 2 1 2 1 wrong 1
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indispensable 1 1 ineligible 2 1 in
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indistinguishable 8 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 i
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immersed 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 implicated 4
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Table B-10. Contingency table for t
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12 conditional 3 clear 5 26 good 1
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51 free 17 unique 18 141 antagonist
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comparable 21 2 8 3 1 2 3 11 3 4 7
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new 2 12 1 11 2 5 4 8 3 2 9 3 45 ne
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27 comparable 4 competitive 3 68 si
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pregnant 1 preoccupied 2 1 1 replet
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crucial-as 1 effecti
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puzzled-by 1 recogni
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SRHE/Open University Press Bell, R.
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articles in biology and history. In
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Herbert, A. (1965). The structure o
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Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the
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Rundell, M. (Ed.). (2007). Macmilla
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functional perspective. English for
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