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Evaluative Meanings and Disciplinary Values - eTheses Repository ...

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Most of these journals are also registered in Journal Citation Reports (JCR), indicating that<br />

they are of high academic quality <strong>and</strong> have an impact on their academic fields. Some journals<br />

in Table 5.1 below have high 5-year impact factor scores (5YIF), but some others are not<br />

registered in JCR at all. In these cases, I checked with experts in these fields to ensure that<br />

these journals are nevertheless internationally recognised <strong>and</strong> can be seen as representative of<br />

each sub-discipline of the two disciplines. 23 This is largely because such journals (i.e.<br />

International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, Language Testing, Quarterly Journal of Business<br />

<strong>and</strong> Economics, Business <strong>and</strong> Strategy, <strong>and</strong> Journal of Business Strategy) tend to be in<br />

comparatively new subfields .<br />

To compile each corpus of applied linguistics <strong>and</strong> business studies, the articles were<br />

collected in their electronic version. The retrieved data are restricted to true RAs in the<br />

designated journals; that is, editorials, prefaces, review articles, book reviews <strong>and</strong> editors<br />

notes were not included. <br />

much as possible, irrelevant features in articles were commonly removed, including<br />

<br />

Explanatory <strong>and</strong> topic-focused footnotes <strong>and</strong> endnotes in the papers were considered to be the<br />

work <strong>and</strong> were thereby included in the corpus.<br />

I extracted data from articles in HTML or PDF format by copying them <strong>and</strong> pasting<br />

them into plain text files. In particular, I preserved the data in each text file in the Unicode<br />

(UTF-8) format since some concordancers cannot h<strong>and</strong>le other formats; Unicode is the most<br />

versatile text format for any corpus concordance program. When extracting language data<br />

from journal articles, another point must be carefully noted: erasing the line feed in each data.<br />

For instance, data from most articles in the PDF format include the unseen line feed at the end<br />

of each line (not at the end of sentence). Let us consider the following figure:<br />

A general reference corpus includes academic texts, newspaper <strong>and</strong> literature as significant<br />

parts. For example, Baby-BNC, a 4 million word corpus, is compiled from 4 sections: written<br />

academic prose; written fiction; written newspaper <strong>and</strong> spoken demographic; each section is about<br />

one million running words. Thus, for written language texts, these can be divided into three broad<br />

categories: academic, newspaper <strong>and</strong> literature.<br />

Figure 5.1. Line feeds<br />

23 I would like to thank the specialist informants who reviewed my selection of journals for the two disciplines.<br />

60

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