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The study is based on two corpora of abstracts collected from L2 post-graduate dissertations (both masters and doctoral), and published journal articles in six disciplines. (ALC: ESP2005_6) The study is based on the rather unique opportunity of accessing two versions of an authentic lecture given by a native speaker on two different occasions. (ALC: ESP2005_9) This study is based on the application of a multivariate statistical procedure, cluster analysis, which is particularly useful in distinguishing various learner profiles. (ALC: LL2005_7) [Applied Linguistics: analysis + based on N] The analysis is based on the hypothesis that the use of the selected metatext categories is more restricted in Slovene academic writing than in English academic writing. (ALC: ESP2005_14) The analysis is based on data from all participants who provided second occurrence gesture data (i.e., maintained and reintroduced reference) in both L2 visibility conditions. (ALC: LL2006_16) As such, the analysis is based on a data set of 15,826 tokens. (ALC: SLA2004_4) [T]his analysis, however, is based on the 323,302,789 tokens that COBUILD had in 2000. (ALC: ESP2006_12) The above examples from ALC introduce data, procedures or a supposed (original) hypothesis adopted for the on-going research (e.g. the corpus data, the statistical method). These descriptions are likely to be in the beginning parts of an article (viz. abstract, introduction or methodology), to present what sort of approach is taken for the on-going research. On the other hand, this LSP from BC specifies the results or data of analysis in rather the last half parts of an article (viz. analysis and discussion). Let us consider the examples results/model + based on N in BC as follows: [Business studies: results + based on N] The analyses and results so far are based on annual forecasts. Separate analyses are also carried out using a sample of quarterly forecasts. (BC: Accounting2005_10) The above results are based on a sample in which there are insider trades within the firm-months. (BC: Accounting2005_1) In this table, the first two columns of empirical results are based on BHARs computed with the equalweighted and valueweighted bankingspecific custom CRSP indexes, respectively. (BC: Finance2005_11) The left side results are based on an at standard deviation of .0125, while the right side results are based on a level of .05. (BC: Economics2004_12) 206
[Business studies: model + based on N] When the varying coefficient model is based on the continuous variable, Firm Size, as in Table 4, some further interesting results emerge. (BC: Finance2005_57) The 2SLS estimates of the firm size varying coefficient model based on the discrete Sizedum variable (corresponding to middlemarket and large firms respectively) are summarized in the two righthand columns of Table 3 while those based on the continuous variable, Firm Size, are shown in Table 4. (BC: Finance2005_57) The model in equation (1) is based on the existing literature on closedend country funds (e.g., Chang, Eun and Kolodny, 1995; and Lee and Hong, 2002). (BC: Finance2005_54) The examples with results above particularize the results of the analysis in an on-going piece of research, indicating how the research result is gained from data, procedures, scores or entities. The examples with model above also introduce the groundwork of the model in the form of statistics or equations, particularizing the data or information gained in the analysis. In other words, the LSP based on N is likely to detail the analysis or results of on-going research (in the last half parts of articles in business studies). This LSP is a particularly clear example of how even same phraseology can carry out very different functions in RAs in two disciplines. The reason why the figure in BC is relatively higher than ALC may be that the attributed relation is more various in business studies than it is in applied linguistics. For instance, the LSP founded on N is likely to construct arguments systematically in the both corpora. In particular, this LSP in ALC occurs in R ESE A R C H/M E T H O D (v-link) founded on (T H E O R E T I C A L) ASSU MPT I O N, and in BC occurs in the similar semantic sequences ASSU MPT I O N/T H E O RY (v-link) founded on T H E O RY/ASSU MPT I O N [Applied Linguistics: R ESE A R C H/M E T H O D (v-link) founded on (T H E O R E T I C A L) ASSU MPT I O N] Cook (1993) points out that of the 1960s, were founded on the independent grammars assumption: LL2005_3) Criterion-based assessment systems are founded on the premise that agreement (with criteria as well : Testing2004_10 First, construct-referenced assessment is founded on the assumption : Testing2004_10) 207
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Evaluative Meanings and Disciplinar
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study
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CONTENTS C H APT E R 1. Introductio
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C H APT E R 9. The second theme: Re
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Figure A-1 Histogram for tokens of
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Table 8.15 The SKILFULNESS group in
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CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1. Genera
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study are still not large enough fo
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RQ1) Is it valuable to apply a new
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in the way each of these evaluative
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disciplines feature different bodie
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White and Liccardi (2006) have show
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However, it was not possible to cla
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typically presented as impersonal a
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2.5. Applied linguistics and busine
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2.6.2. Business studies Business co
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Swales (2004) thus offers a rather
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genre has come increasingly under t
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CHAPTER 3. Pattern, meaning and eva
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170). 7 On the basis of the vast am
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3.3. Lexico-grammatical patterns 3.
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syntactic patterns encodes differen
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RESULT/DATA based on DATA/THEORY In
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(Biber, 1988, p. 237). Indeed, Chaf
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aspect of language use. For these r
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1986), hedging (Holmes, 1988; Hylan
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adverbs but rather in certain patte
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average work is described as sound
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are also interrelated. In an attemp
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CHAPTER 4. Correspondence analysis
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- end. Although there is no doubt t
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appeal of multivariate analysis is
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While such observations might be in
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The contingency table has the follo
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CHAPTER 5. Corpus creation and meth
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of sub-disciplines contained within
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As Figure 5.1 illustrates, regardle
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corpus-based discourse analysis. Th
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analysis was conducted with the mat
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5.3.4. Discourse analysis procedure
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CHAPTER 6. A case study In this cha
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express human feelings: specificall
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contingency table consists of 66 ro
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of this case study is limited. Howe
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likely to express what they feel ab
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6.2.2. The NERVOUSNESS group While
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adjectives in this group in the pat
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While the LSP enthusiastic about N
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AWARE and IGNORANT group in Francis
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CHAPTER 7. Data analyses 7.1. Intro
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The table is divided into high-freq
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about of Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. B
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Tables 7.2 and 7.3 above indicate t
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same for a corpus of a more special
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Table 7.5 above indicates that simi
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about for from in of on to with 8 l
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In the plot shown in Figure 7.1, it
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Figure 7.4. Adjective plot in the s
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Figure 7.7. Adjective plot for A DJ
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Figure 7.9. Adjective plot for the
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same time. This being the case, I h
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Other adjectives in this quadrant a
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This concludes my analysis of the e
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Figure 7.21 also indicates that adj
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With the sole exception of the patt
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evaluation (Martin & Rose, 2007, p.
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judgments tend to draw on both emot
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[Business studies: neutral about/on
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modals in BC, on the other hand, mo
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Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 more 14
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itself. 8.1.3. Importance The third
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Fewer of the control variables are
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someone/something is certain or unc
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current/past oriented. While the nu
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monogloss heterogloss ALC 35%(7) 65
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that the default assumption among a
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monogloss heterogloss ALC 29%(4) 71
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general category of appreciation as
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while the BC examples evaluate the
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it seems that researchers in busine
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Overall, my findings suggest that a
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Page 173 and 174: The proportions for this group are
Page 175 and 176: In addition, this LSP strongly occu
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Page 179 and 180: Francis et al. (1998, p. 479) indic
Page 181 and 182: In summary, the intensity of severa
Page 183 and 184: The depended- entities in ALC are p
Page 185 and 186: order ALC freq. BC freq. 1 differen
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Page 189 and 190: [Applied Linguistics] Scores (but
Page 191 and 192: In general, business studies discou
Page 193 and 194: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 involved
Page 195 and 196: [Applied Linguistics]
Page 197 and 198: [Business Studies] Language is
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Page 201 and 202: [Business Studies] Only companies
Page 203 and 204: adverbs. Table 9.18 below summarize
Page 205 and 206: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 responsi
Page 207 and 208: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 present
Page 209 and 210: ALC BC Negative Noun inherent other
Page 211 and 212: In each of the above concordances t
Page 213 and 214: Several adjectives in this group in
Page 215 and 216: [Business Studies] Our sample is r
Page 217: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 study 27
Page 221 and 222: particular thing in order to deepen
Page 223 and 224: across the two disciplines. However
Page 225 and 226: A DJ PR EP N. Figure 10.1. Discipli
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Page 229 and 230: 10.3.2. Cause vs. Effect As argued
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Page 233 and 234: 10.4. Conclusion The fundamental as
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Page 241 and 242: p. 156). By investigating a corpus,
Page 243 and 244: Figure A-3: Histogram for types of
Page 245 and 246: Appendix B: Tables for adjectives i
Page 247 and 248: vague 1 worried 1 1 2 1 2 1 wrong 1
Page 249 and 250: indispensable 1 1 ineligible 2 1 in
Page 251 and 252: indistinguishable 8 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 i
Page 253 and 254: immersed 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 implicated 4
Page 255 and 256: Table B-10. Contingency table for t
Page 257 and 258: 12 conditional 3 clear 5 26 good 1
Page 259 and 260: 51 free 17 unique 18 141 antagonist
Page 261 and 262: comparable 21 2 8 3 1 2 3 11 3 4 7
Page 263 and 264: new 2 12 1 11 2 5 4 8 3 2 9 3 45 ne
Page 265 and 266: 27 comparable 4 competitive 3 68 si
Page 267 and 268: pregnant 1 preoccupied 2 1 1 replet
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crucial-as 1 effecti
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puzzled-by 1 recogni
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SRHE/Open University Press Bell, R.
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articles in biology and history. In
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Herbert, A. (1965). The structure o
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Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the
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Rundell, M. (Ed.). (2007). Macmilla
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functional perspective. English for
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