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University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate disciplinary variation in academic writing, focusing in particular on the use of adjective patterns followed by prepositions. The analysis proceeds through a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of these patterns in two large corpora of authentic texts. The analysis focuses not only on the specific adjectives found in the patterns themselves, but also on collocations within and around each pattern. The -applied disciplines (Becher & Trowler, 2001), applied linguistics and business studies, as represented by two corpora of research articles drawn from 16 leading journals in each field. Comparison of the results for each corpus shows that there are many differences in form and meaning between the two disciplines: it is argued that the features revealed by my analysis are indicative of the epistemological characteristics of these two different disciplinary discourses. The thesis argues that these differences reflect the different academic cultures and norms of applied linguistics and business studies.
Page 1: Evaluative Meanings and Disciplinar
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS C H APT E R 1. Introductio
Page 7 and 8: C H APT E R 9. The second theme: Re
Page 9 and 10: Figure A-1 Histogram for tokens of
Page 11 and 12: Table 8.15 The SKILFULNESS group in
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1. Genera
Page 15 and 16: study are still not large enough fo
Page 17 and 18: RQ1) Is it valuable to apply a new
Page 19 and 20: in the way each of these evaluative
Page 21 and 22: disciplines feature different bodie
Page 23 and 24: White and Liccardi (2006) have show
Page 25 and 26: However, it was not possible to cla
Page 27 and 28: typically presented as impersonal a
Page 29 and 30: 2.5. Applied linguistics and busine
Page 31 and 32: 2.6.2. Business studies Business co
Page 33 and 34: Swales (2004) thus offers a rather
Page 35 and 36: genre has come increasingly under t
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 3. Pattern, meaning and eva
Page 39 and 40: 170). 7 On the basis of the vast am
Page 41 and 42: 3.3. Lexico-grammatical patterns 3.
Page 43 and 44: syntactic patterns encodes differen
Page 45 and 46: RESULT/DATA based on DATA/THEORY In
Page 47 and 48: (Biber, 1988, p. 237). Indeed, Chaf
Page 49 and 50: aspect of language use. For these r
Page 51 and 52: 1986), hedging (Holmes, 1988; Hylan
Page 53 and 54:
adverbs but rather in certain patte
Page 55 and 56:
average work is described as sound
Page 57 and 58:
are also interrelated. In an attemp
Page 59 and 60:
CHAPTER 4. Correspondence analysis
Page 61 and 62:
- end. Although there is no doubt t
Page 63 and 64:
appeal of multivariate analysis is
Page 65 and 66:
While such observations might be in
Page 67 and 68:
The contingency table has the follo
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CHAPTER 5. Corpus creation and meth
Page 71 and 72:
of sub-disciplines contained within
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As Figure 5.1 illustrates, regardle
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corpus-based discourse analysis. Th
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analysis was conducted with the mat
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5.3.4. Discourse analysis procedure
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CHAPTER 6. A case study In this cha
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express human feelings: specificall
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contingency table consists of 66 ro
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of this case study is limited. Howe
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likely to express what they feel ab
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6.2.2. The NERVOUSNESS group While
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adjectives in this group in the pat
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While the LSP enthusiastic about N
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AWARE and IGNORANT group in Francis
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CHAPTER 7. Data analyses 7.1. Intro
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The table is divided into high-freq
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about of Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. B
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Tables 7.2 and 7.3 above indicate t
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same for a corpus of a more special
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Table 7.5 above indicates that simi
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about for from in of on to with 8 l
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In the plot shown in Figure 7.1, it
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Figure 7.4. Adjective plot in the s
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Figure 7.7. Adjective plot for A DJ
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Figure 7.9. Adjective plot for the
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
same time. This being the case, I h
Page 127 and 128:
Other adjectives in this quadrant a
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This concludes my analysis of the e
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 7.21 also indicates that adj
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With the sole exception of the patt
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evaluation (Martin & Rose, 2007, p.
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judgments tend to draw on both emot
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[Business studies: neutral about/on
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modals in BC, on the other hand, mo
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Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 more 14
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itself. 8.1.3. Importance The third
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Fewer of the control variables are
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someone/something is certain or unc
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current/past oriented. While the nu
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monogloss heterogloss ALC 35%(7) 65
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that the default assumption among a
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monogloss heterogloss ALC 29%(4) 71
Page 159 and 160:
general category of appreciation as
Page 161 and 162:
while the BC examples evaluate the
Page 163 and 164:
it seems that researchers in busine
Page 165 and 166:
Overall, my findings suggest that a
Page 167 and 168:
interpretation. Finally, these sema
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entities. This group is especially
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[Applied Linguistics] [
Page 173 and 174:
The proportions for this group are
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In addition, this LSP strongly occu
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or evidence in the writers (ongoing
Page 179 and 180:
Francis et al. (1998, p. 479) indic
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In summary, the intensity of severa
Page 183 and 184:
The depended- entities in ALC are p
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order ALC freq. BC freq. 1 differen
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[Business Studies] Thi
Page 189 and 190:
[Applied Linguistics] Scores (but
Page 191 and 192:
In general, business studies discou
Page 193 and 194:
Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 involved
Page 195 and 196:
[Applied Linguistics]
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[Business Studies] Language is
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something (e.g. ability, knowledge,
Page 201 and 202:
[Business Studies] Only companies
Page 203 and 204:
adverbs. Table 9.18 below summarize
Page 205 and 206:
Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 responsi
Page 207 and 208:
Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 present
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ALC BC Negative Noun inherent other
Page 211 and 212:
In each of the above concordances t
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Several adjectives in this group in
Page 215 and 216:
[Business Studies] Our sample is r
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Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 study 27
Page 219 and 220:
[Business studies: model + based on
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particular thing in order to deepen
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across the two disciplines. However
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A DJ PR EP N. Figure 10.1. Discipli
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likely to occur in applied linguist
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10.3.2. Cause vs. Effect As argued
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and unostentatious fashion. This fi
Page 233 and 234:
10.4. Conclusion The fundamental as
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as follows: [A new methodology] RQ1
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linguistics and business studies on
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disciplinary culture of the two dis
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p. 156). By investigating a corpus,
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Figure A-3: Histogram for types of
Page 245 and 246:
Appendix B: Tables for adjectives i
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vague 1 worried 1 1 2 1 2 1 wrong 1
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indispensable 1 1 ineligible 2 1 in
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indistinguishable 8 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 i
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immersed 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 implicated 4
Page 255 and 256:
Table B-10. Contingency table for t
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12 conditional 3 clear 5 26 good 1
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51 free 17 unique 18 141 antagonist
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comparable 21 2 8 3 1 2 3 11 3 4 7
Page 263 and 264:
new 2 12 1 11 2 5 4 8 3 2 9 3 45 ne
Page 265 and 266:
27 comparable 4 competitive 3 68 si
Page 267 and 268:
pregnant 1 preoccupied 2 1 1 replet
Page 269 and 270:
crucial-as 1 effecti
Page 271 and 272:
puzzled-by 1 recogni
Page 273 and 274:
SRHE/Open University Press Bell, R.
Page 275 and 276:
articles in biology and history. In
Page 277 and 278:
Herbert, A. (1965). The structure o
Page 279 and 280:
Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the
Page 281 and 282:
Rundell, M. (Ed.). (2007). Macmilla
Page 283:
functional perspective. English for
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