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The adjective particular emphasizes that this phraseological group targets particular things in ALC. Such things include not only language itself but also various entities relevant to disciplinary contents (e.g. voice types, curriculum, discourse community, context, variety of English). On the other hand, the concordances from BC show the specific features (not) attributed to specific firms (e.g. internet firms, large firms, service firms and small firms). While adjectives in this group are likely to describe the unique properties of things, they are divided into two kinds the first type particularizes a particular feature in a thing (e.g. restricted, confined, unique, specific), and the second type generalizes a commonality in groups (e.g. common). The uniqueness is the specificity in a particular language (activity) in applied linguistics (e.g. L2), but a particular institution in business studies (e.g. internet firm). At the same time, the commonality is the generality in two or more languages in applied linguistics (e.g. both languages), but two or more institutions in business studies (e.g. all firms). 9.2.5. Representativeness We now turn to the penultimate attribute to be discussed in this section, representativeness. The REPRESENTATIVENESS group indicates whether or not something presents a whole picture of something, something is a part extracted from something or illustrates what something is like. This group is often expressed by adjectives such as typical, representative, reminiscent and others in the pattern A DJ of N. Table 9.25 below summarizes adjectives in this group in A DJ of N in both corpora. Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 typical 78 representative 59 2 representative 60 indicative 49 3 indicative 36 typical 17 4 reminiscent 15 reflective 14 5 reflective 8 suggestive 8 6 illustrative 7 reminiscent 8 7 suggestive 5 symptomatic 6 8 descriptive 1 descriptive 3 9 unrepresentative 2 10 emblematic 2 11 illustrative 1 Total 210 169 Prop. 55% 45% Table 9.25. The REPRESENTATIVENESS group in A DJ of N 200
Several adjectives in this group indicate various relations between research entities such as taxonomical relations (viz. typical), whole-part relations (viz. representative), associated relations (viz. reminiscent) and so on. The figures in Table 9.25 above indicate that the concept of representativeness is more prioritized in ALC than it is in BC in purely quantitative terms (i.e. in the number of tokens in each corpus), but that this concept is more variously described in BC than it is in ALC (viz. types). It is also interesting to note that taxonomic relations (as represented primarily by the adjective typical) seem to be of much greater interest to applied linguists than they are to business researchers. Concordance analysis of the LSP typical of N indicates that typicality in ALC focuses on language type/production/activity, whereas in BC it indicates a particular type of configuration/organization: [Applied Linguistics] [Business Studies] The taxonomical relation links a feature to a particular genre of language activity in ALC (e.g. 201
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Evaluative Meanings and Disciplinar
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study
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CONTENTS C H APT E R 1. Introductio
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C H APT E R 9. The second theme: Re
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Figure A-1 Histogram for tokens of
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Table 8.15 The SKILFULNESS group in
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CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1. Genera
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study are still not large enough fo
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RQ1) Is it valuable to apply a new
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in the way each of these evaluative
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disciplines feature different bodie
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White and Liccardi (2006) have show
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However, it was not possible to cla
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typically presented as impersonal a
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2.5. Applied linguistics and busine
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2.6.2. Business studies Business co
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Swales (2004) thus offers a rather
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genre has come increasingly under t
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CHAPTER 3. Pattern, meaning and eva
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170). 7 On the basis of the vast am
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3.3. Lexico-grammatical patterns 3.
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syntactic patterns encodes differen
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RESULT/DATA based on DATA/THEORY In
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(Biber, 1988, p. 237). Indeed, Chaf
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aspect of language use. For these r
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1986), hedging (Holmes, 1988; Hylan
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adverbs but rather in certain patte
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average work is described as sound
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are also interrelated. In an attemp
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CHAPTER 4. Correspondence analysis
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- end. Although there is no doubt t
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appeal of multivariate analysis is
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While such observations might be in
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The contingency table has the follo
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CHAPTER 5. Corpus creation and meth
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of sub-disciplines contained within
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As Figure 5.1 illustrates, regardle
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corpus-based discourse analysis. Th
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analysis was conducted with the mat
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5.3.4. Discourse analysis procedure
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CHAPTER 6. A case study In this cha
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express human feelings: specificall
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contingency table consists of 66 ro
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of this case study is limited. Howe
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likely to express what they feel ab
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6.2.2. The NERVOUSNESS group While
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adjectives in this group in the pat
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While the LSP enthusiastic about N
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AWARE and IGNORANT group in Francis
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CHAPTER 7. Data analyses 7.1. Intro
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The table is divided into high-freq
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about of Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. B
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Tables 7.2 and 7.3 above indicate t
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same for a corpus of a more special
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Table 7.5 above indicates that simi
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about for from in of on to with 8 l
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In the plot shown in Figure 7.1, it
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Figure 7.4. Adjective plot in the s
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Figure 7.7. Adjective plot for A DJ
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Figure 7.9. Adjective plot for the
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same time. This being the case, I h
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Other adjectives in this quadrant a
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This concludes my analysis of the e
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Figure 7.21 also indicates that adj
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With the sole exception of the patt
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evaluation (Martin & Rose, 2007, p.
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judgments tend to draw on both emot
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[Business studies: neutral about/on
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modals in BC, on the other hand, mo
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Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 more 14
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itself. 8.1.3. Importance The third
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Fewer of the control variables are
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someone/something is certain or unc
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current/past oriented. While the nu
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monogloss heterogloss ALC 35%(7) 65
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that the default assumption among a
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monogloss heterogloss ALC 29%(4) 71
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general category of appreciation as
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Page 165 and 166: Overall, my findings suggest that a
Page 167 and 168: interpretation. Finally, these sema
Page 169 and 170: entities. This group is especially
Page 171 and 172: [Applied Linguistics] [
Page 173 and 174: The proportions for this group are
Page 175 and 176: In addition, this LSP strongly occu
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Page 179 and 180: Francis et al. (1998, p. 479) indic
Page 181 and 182: In summary, the intensity of severa
Page 183 and 184: The depended- entities in ALC are p
Page 185 and 186: order ALC freq. BC freq. 1 differen
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Page 189 and 190: [Applied Linguistics] Scores (but
Page 191 and 192: In general, business studies discou
Page 193 and 194: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 involved
Page 195 and 196: [Applied Linguistics]
Page 197 and 198: [Business Studies] Language is
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Page 201 and 202: [Business Studies] Only companies
Page 203 and 204: adverbs. Table 9.18 below summarize
Page 205 and 206: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 responsi
Page 207 and 208: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 present
Page 209 and 210: ALC BC Negative Noun inherent other
Page 211: In each of the above concordances t
Page 215 and 216: [Business Studies] Our sample is r
Page 217 and 218: Order ALC Freq. BC Freq. 1 study 27
Page 219 and 220: [Business studies: model + based on
Page 221 and 222: particular thing in order to deepen
Page 223 and 224: across the two disciplines. However
Page 225 and 226: A DJ PR EP N. Figure 10.1. Discipli
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Page 229 and 230: 10.3.2. Cause vs. Effect As argued
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Page 233 and 234: 10.4. Conclusion The fundamental as
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Page 241 and 242: p. 156). By investigating a corpus,
Page 243 and 244: Figure A-3: Histogram for types of
Page 245 and 246: Appendix B: Tables for adjectives i
Page 247 and 248: vague 1 worried 1 1 2 1 2 1 wrong 1
Page 249 and 250: indispensable 1 1 ineligible 2 1 in
Page 251 and 252: indistinguishable 8 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 i
Page 253 and 254: immersed 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 implicated 4
Page 255 and 256: Table B-10. Contingency table for t
Page 257 and 258: 12 conditional 3 clear 5 26 good 1
Page 259 and 260: 51 free 17 unique 18 141 antagonist
Page 261 and 262: comparable 21 2 8 3 1 2 3 11 3 4 7
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new 2 12 1 11 2 5 4 8 3 2 9 3 45 ne
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27 comparable 4 competitive 3 68 si
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pregnant 1 preoccupied 2 1 1 replet
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crucial-as 1 effecti
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puzzled-by 1 recogni
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SRHE/Open University Press Bell, R.
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articles in biology and history. In
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Herbert, A. (1965). The structure o
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Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the
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Rundell, M. (Ed.). (2007). Macmilla
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functional perspective. English for
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