Jesse Sharpe PhD thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText ...

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Herbert Discussing the Word 133 signal both sides of the Works-Grace comparison’, 18 which then helps to accentuate the various paradoxes and dialectics that would be required of a Christian, and which Herbert also portrays in his book of verse. There is the social and historical movement of the Church, just as there are also static church buildings, and an individual believer must act in accordance to the moralities of Christianity, while also living free from the bondages of sin through justification through Christ. The believer must likewise acknowledge God as King, while also approaching him as a Father, and Christ as a brother, through the Incarnation. Herbert’s The Temple does all of this, and so the architecture must also be understood as static and ever changing as one approaches each new poem. Although it is the incarnational Jesus that gives him access to the divine, Herbert often addresses his poems to ‘God’ or ‘Lord’, rather than to Jesus. Herbert exists in a physical world, and believes in a physical resurrection, but it is a relationship with the eternal and ineffable Lord that is his goal. This can be observed through the manner in which The Church ends – which is with the poem ‘Love (III)’, a poem that combines Jesus and God into one being, and allows Herbert to exist in the same space as them as he enjoys the first banquet and final Holy Communion after the judgment. Jesus allows for a very personal and intimate knowledge of God, which Herbert uses to create a method for relating to God which is unique in British devotional verse. He is both reverent and irreverent, and this allows him to express his joys and fears confident that he cannot lose his access to God in the process. A poem that appears towards the end of The Church is a perfect encapsulation of how he will communicate with God in his verses. The poem is ‘Bitter-sweet’. It is a short poem, only eight lines in two stanzas each consisting of six syllables, but it has a wealth of personality and theology. The poem begins with what is probably Herbert’s cheekiest line, 18 Utmost Art, p. 5.
Herbert Discussing the Word 134 ‘Ah my deare angrie Lord’. 19 It is here that the reader sees how much of Herbert’s relationship with God is one of antagonism and love, and as the poem continues, the reader sees it is also a relationship of rebellion and submission. The affection and condescension contained in that little phrase is unexpected for a poet often esteemed for his piety and seeming simplicity. It is a wonderful admission of the role of the angry, punishing God in Herbert’s theology, but it also contains the affection and love Herbert experiences that tempers the concept of the wrathful God, and as the poem continues the reader sees how vibrant, how humorous, and how genuine Herbert’s relationship with God is and how it speaks to his view of God’s affection for him. The next seven lines read: Since thou dost love, yet strike; Cast down, yet help afford; Sure I will do the like. I will complain, yet praise; I will bewail, approve: And all my sowre-sweet dayes I will lament, and love. (2-8) This summary of what God should expect from Herbert is a lovely piece of oxymoronic irreverent reverence which provides the reader with the insight to observe that Herbert is pious, yet playful; submissive, yet assertive, and as the reader continues on in The Church one sees that what leads Herbert to believe that he may approach God so familiarly is the Incarnation. Humanity can talk to God familiarly, and expect him to respond in a like 19 All quotations of Herbert’s poetry are from Helen Wilcox (ed.), The Complete English Poems of George Herbert (Cambridge, 2007).
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‘AND THE WORD WAS MADE FLESH’:
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i ABSTRACT In using the doctrine of
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iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply in
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v A NOTE ON THE TEXT In line with c
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Postscript 244 POSTSCRIPT The parad
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Bibliography 246 BIBLIOGRAPHY Abrah
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Bibliography 248 Bush, Douglas. Eng
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Bibliography 250 Creeds of the Chur
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Bibliography 252 ----. George R. Po
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Bibliography 256 ----. ‘Fear of
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Bibliography 258 ----. ‘Altering
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Bibliography 260 Kessner, Carole.
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Bibliography 262 Liew, Warren M.
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Bibliography 266 Meath, Gerard. ‘
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Bibliography 268 Netzley, Ryan. ‘
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Bibliography 270 Richards, Bernard.
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Bibliography 272 Schoenfeldt, Micha
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Bibliography 274 Siegfried, B. R.
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Bibliography 276 Tuve, Rosemond. El
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Bibliography 278 ----. ‘“All Th
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