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Cork Fig. 66: Excavated areas on the South and North Islands (after Cleary & Hurley 2003, 2). Though the civitas on the South Island may have relied on the natural protection offered by its island position, it is more probable that it contained defences of some form- wooden palisade, clay bank or stone wall- mentioned in early Anglo-Norman sources. That Robert FitzStephen and Milo de Cogan are said to have besieged Cork in A.D. 1177 might indicate that the city had fortifications (Bradley & Halpin 1993, 20). The early Anglo-Norman charters mention the ‘gate of Cork’ and burgages both within and without the walls (Bradley & Halpin 1993, 20) which also imply that an area in Cork- the South Island? – had defences in the mid/late twelfth century. The excavations at Scandinavian Dublin and Waterford have produced considerable archaeological evidence for defensive enclosures and waterfront revetments. In contrast, the 120
Cork low-lying marshy location of Scandinavian Cork has produced significant waterfront revetments but evidence for enclosing banks or walls is more limited. Archaeological Evidence The South Island- the main area of Scandinavian settlement- appears to have originally been a marshy intermittent land bank in the tidal estuary of the river. Between the late eleventh and late twelfth century, the Scandinavian community initiated an active phase of land reclamation at the island by constructing timber revetments and introducing estuarine clays into the settlement area. The reclaimed clays not only raised the ground level above the high tide but also created a solid foundation of material upon which to build property divisions and buildings. Described below are excavations on the South Island which have produced evidence for the deliberate introduction of estuarine clays and the construction of timber revetments. The Christchurch excavations (1975-77) to the east of South Main Street revealed that the estuarine clays were ‘thicker towards the east’ (Cleary 1997, 29) and were interspersed with planks and timber track-ways to create firm footings (Hurley 2003c, 183). The majority of the excavated sites which revealed thick deposits of estuarine clay were located some distance from the main street or crest of the South Island, suggesting that these deposits were introduced in an attempt to level up the sloping ground to the rear of the properties (Hurley 2003c, 183). The Christchurch excavations also confirmed that the ground towards the centre of the excavated site was higher than either the northern or southern sections. This would also indicate that the initial early twelfth century settlement on the South Island was on low mounds or platforms protected from tidal flooding by timber revetments (Hurley 2003c, 183). Prior to the erection of an early twelfth-century timber fence/revetment at Tuckey Street, a layer of over 1.2m of fluvial-derived silty clay was deposited on the site (O’Donnell 2003, 13- 14). It may have been deliberately introduced by channelling or allowing floodwater to settle on the site (Hurley 2003c, 182-83). A series of silty clays up to 1.5m in thickness with intermediary occupation deposits and timbers platforms were subsequently deliberately introduced onto the site in an attempt to raise the ground level above that of the high tide. The activity began after the erection of the timber fence c. A.D. 1115-1122 and continued till sometime after A.D. 1145. At least one metre of fluvial-derived silty clay underlay the first occupation phase at the site at the junction of Hanover street/South Main Street (Cleary 2003, 31-34; Hurley 2003c, 183) and may have also been introduced by channelling or allowing floodwater to settle on the site. The deposit was augured to determine its depth and a timber beam was recorded at the base at a depth of 1.10m. It was suggested that it may represent a platform like those recorded at Tuckey Street which provided a solid footing in the soft clays during the deposition process. Prior to the erection of a twelfth-century east-west stave-built boundary plot, a layer of fluvial-derived silty clay (0.60m thick) was uncovered at the lowest levels reached at 11-13 Washington Street (McCutcheon 2003, 45-47). The deposit was sterile and was interpreted as being introduced to the site in order to raise ground levels. A possible drainage ditch belonging to a subsequent twelfth/mid thirteenth century phase was also uncovered at the southern end of the site and was defined at its north end by one of two parallel east-west stave-built fences. An excavation at the junction of Washington Street and South Main Street at the northern end of the South Island uncovered two large oak revetments aligned north-south and set 2m 121
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E ARLY M EDIEVAL A RCHAEOLOGY P ROJ
Page 5 and 6:
Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents St Michael le Pol
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Table of Contents Knowth Site M, Co
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 92: Excavated
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List of Figures Fig. 183: Plan of h
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List of Figures Fig. 270: Significa
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Introduction 1.1 Description of thi
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Introduction Fig. 1: Key to symbols
Page 23 and 24:
Introduction (commonly referred to
Page 25 and 26:
Introduction References: Campbell,
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County Antrim Fig. 2: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
Page 33 and 34:
Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 35 and 36:
Antrim Fig. 8: Plan of Phase 2 hous
Page 37 and 38:
Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Ballymacash,
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Antrim Fig. 12: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of enclosures
Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
Page 47 and 48:
Antrim Fig. 15: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 53 and 54:
Antrim Fig. 17: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 20: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 24: Plan of House III a
Page 67 and 68:
Antrim Fig. 25: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Killealy, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim ‘Langford Lodge’ (Gartre
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Antrim Lissue, Co. Antrim Early Med
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Antrim ‘Meadowbank’ (Jordanstow
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Antrim Rathbeg, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Seacash, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Page 85 and 86:
Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of interior of
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Armagh Armagh (Armagh City td.), Co
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Armagh Fig. 40: Excavations at Cast
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Armagh Radiocarbon Dates: Abbey Str
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Armagh Dressogagh, Co. Armagh Early
Page 95 and 96: Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
Page 97 and 98: Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
Page 99 and 100: Clare Fig. 47: Plan of excavated ar
Page 101 and 102: Clare The Harvard excavators identi
Page 103 and 104: Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
Page 105 and 106: Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 107 and 108: Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
Page 109 and 110: Clare were associated with glass fr
Page 111 and 112: Clare wooden bucket, as well as Bro
Page 113 and 114: Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
Page 115 and 116: Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
Page 117 and 118: Clare Medieval Activity Significant
Page 119 and 120: Clare Fig. 53: Excavated areas of I
Page 121 and 122: Clare Fig. 54: Plan showing enclosu
Page 123 and 124: Clare Fig. 55: Plan of Thady’s Fo
Page 125 and 126: Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
Page 127 and 128: Cork shape was not able to be infer
Page 129 and 130: Cork ‘St. Gobnet’s House’ (Gl
Page 131 and 132: Cork Banduff, Co. Cork Early Mediev
Page 133 and 134: Cork Barrees Valley, Co. Cork Early
Page 135 and 136: Cork Brigown, Co. Cork Early Mediev
Page 137 and 138: Cork Carrigaline Middle, Co. Cork E
Page 139 and 140: Cork Fig. 62: Plan of primary phase
Page 141 and 142: Cork Fig. 63: Plan of excavations a
Page 143: Cork The following is based on gene
Page 148 and 149: Cork apart at one of the lowest lev
Page 150 and 151: Cork The Scandinavian main street o
Page 152 and 153: Cork Fig. 68: 11-13 Washington Stre
Page 154 and 155: Cork Fig. 69: Hanover Street/South
Page 156 and 157: Cork Twelfth century bone-working i
Page 158 and 159: Cork Hurley, M. F. 1995. Excavation
Page 160 and 161: Cork Curraheen, Co. Cork Early Medi
Page 162 and 163: Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 164 and 165: Cork barrel-padlock and an anvil; a
Page 166 and 167: Cork Killanully, Co. Cork Early Med
Page 168 and 169: Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 170 and 171: Cork flint objects, a rotary quern
Page 172 and 173: Cork number of post pits and stakeh
Page 174 and 175: Cork bronze button, bronze brooch,
Page 176 and 177: Cork ‘Lisnagun’ (Darrary td.),
Page 178 and 179: Cork Fig. 76: Plan of interior of L
Page 180 and 181: Cork bracelet, a segmented bead of
Page 182 and 183: Cork Fig. 78: Excavated areas in Mi
Page 184 and 185: Cork A total of thirteen struck fli
Page 186 and 187: Cork A small number of un-stratifie
Page 188 and 189: Cork sequence of fire debris. The p
Page 190 and 191: Donegal Dooey, Co. Donegal Early Me
Page 192 and 193: Donegal Fig. 82: Plan of Rinnaraw C
Page 194 and 195: Donegal Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 196 and 197:
Down Ballyfounder, Co. Down Early M
Page 198 and 199:
Down Ballywillwill, Co. Down Early
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Down ‘Clea Lakes’ (Tullyveery t
Page 202 and 203:
Down Crossnacreevy, Co. Down Early
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Down Drumadonnell, Co. Down Early M
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Down Duneight, Co. Down Early Medie
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Down ‘Dunnyneil Island’ (Dunnyn
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 98: Section of Gransha sh
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Down spreads of gravel and some fir
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Down Fig. 100: Section of Rathmulla
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Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Down Fig. 103: Excavation at White
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Dublin County Dublin Fig. 105: Sign
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Dublin Ballyman, Co. Dublin Early M
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 107: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin interface of this layer and
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Dublin Scandinavian/Hiberno-Scandin
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Dublin The following is based on ge
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Dublin 1999, 27). Similarly dated s
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Dublin Eleventh Century (Fig. 113)
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Dublin Evidence for two stone walls
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Dublin Fig. 116. Reconstruction of
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Dublin Fig. 118: Plan of Type-2 Hou
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Dublin Excavations occurred directl
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Dublin An amber and jet workshop wa
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Dublin Glebe (Site 43), Co. Dublin
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Dublin ‘Mount Offaly’, Cabintee
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Dublin Fig. 122: Phases at Mount Of
Page 258 and 259:
Dublin a continuation of Ditch C an
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 262 and 263:
Dublin were suggestive of a number
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Dublin Dubhlinn - a large natural p
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Dublin Scandinavian warrior burial
Page 268 and 269:
Dublin Fig. 128: Plan of excavation
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Dublin Gowen, M. 2001. Excavations
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Fermanagh ‘Boho’ (Carn td.), Co
Page 274 and 275:
Fermanagh Coolcran, Co. Fermanagh E
Page 276 and 277:
Fermanagh ‘Lisdoo’ (Castle Balf
Page 278 and 279:
Fermanagh Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 280 and 281:
Galway Ballybrit, Co. Galway Early
Page 282 and 283:
Galway Carrowkeel, Co. Galway Early
Page 284 and 285:
Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 286 and 287:
Galway Doonloughan, Co. Galway Earl
Page 288 and 289:
Galway ‘Feerwore Rath’ (Turoe t
Page 290 and 291:
Galway High Island, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
Page 296 and 297:
Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
Page 298 and 299:
Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 146: Excavated area at
Page 302 and 303:
Kerry County Kerry Fig. 147: Signif
Page 304 and 305:
Kerry Fig. 148: Plan of site showin
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Kerry unique mix of architectural c
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Kerry Bray Head, Valentia Island Ea
Page 310 and 311:
Kerry House 9 was located at the so
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Kerry Fig. 151: Plan of early medie
Page 314 and 315:
Kerry to retain insulating sod for
Page 316 and 317:
Kerry Fig. 152: Plan of Church Isla
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Kerry Clogher, Lixnaw, Co. Kerry Ea
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Kerry Cloghermore, Co. Kerry Cave G
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Kerry Many of the latest burials fr
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Kerry A.D. 912-970 Beta-137046 Huma
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Kerry Fig. 158: Plan of Coarhabeg c
Page 328 and 329:
Kerry Fig. 159: Plan of Phase 1 hou
Page 330 and 331:
Kerry ‘Dunbeg Fort’ (Fahan td.)
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Kerry A stone flagged path linked t
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: Sample No.
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Kerry inside and on top of the cist
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 340 and 341:
Kerry House C was a rectangular bui
Page 342 and 343:
Kerry Loher, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
Page 344 and 345:
Kerry Reask, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry was excavated within the inte
Page 348 and 349:
Kerry Fig. 168: Plan of Reask, Co.
Page 350 and 351:
Kerry References: Fanning, T. 1973.
Page 352 and 353:
Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
Page 354 and 355:
Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 356 and 357:
Kildare Fig. 173: Prehistoric and e
Page 358 and 359:
Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 360 and 361:
Kilkenny County Kilkenny Fig. 176:
Page 362 and 363:
Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 364 and 365:
Kilkenny ‘Kilkenny Castle’ (Duk
Page 366 and 367:
Kilkenny ‘Leggetsrath’ (Blanchf
Page 368 and 369:
Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 370 and 371:
Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reim
Page 372 and 373:
Laois Parknahown, Co. Laois Early M
Page 374 and 375:
Laois Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 376 and 377:
Limerick Ballyduff, Co. Limerick Ea
Page 378 and 379:
Limerick Ballynagallagh, Co. Limeri
Page 380 and 381:
Limerick Fig. 185: Ditch and palisa
Page 382 and 383:
Limerick Fig. 186: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick shade from light to dark-b
Page 386 and 387:
Limerick The ‘Spectacles’ (Loug
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Limerick Coonagh West, Co. Limerick
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Limerick Croom East, Co. Limerick E
Page 392 and 393:
Limerick Cush, Co. Limerick Early M
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Limerick house which utilized the t
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Limerick 4, Cush 6 and Cush 7 with
Page 398 and 399:
Limerick The sites at Ballingoola (
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Limerick Knockea, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Fig. 193: Plan of Phase 1
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Limerick about thirty). The last th
Page 406 and 407:
Limerick Raheennamadra, Co. Limeric
Page 408 and 409:
Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 410 and 411:
Limerick Fig. 196: Plan of Sluggary
Page 412 and 413:
Londonderry Big Glebe, Co. Londonde
Page 414 and 415:
Londonderry Corrstown, Co. Londonde
Page 416 and 417:
Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
Page 418 and 419:
Londonderry Oughtymore, Co. Londond
Page 420 and 421:
Longford County Longford Fig. 202:
Page 422 and 423:
Longford Fig. 203: Excavated areas
Page 424 and 425:
Louth County Louth Fig. 204: Signif
Page 426 and 427:
Louth A stone-lined oval kiln, with
Page 428 and 429:
Louth The north-eastern area within
Page 430 and 431:
Louth O’Hara, R. 2009. Early medi
Page 432 and 433:
Louth Delaney, S. 2010. An early me
Page 434 and 435:
Louth made from bronze, iron and bo
Page 436 and 437:
Louth Archaeological monitoring of
Page 438 and 439:
Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
Page 440 and 441:
Louth Fig. 209: Detailed plan of ho
Page 442 and 443:
Louth Archaeological investigations
Page 444 and 445:
Louth central, L-shaped island of n
Page 446 and 447:
Louth Fig. 212: Plan of Marshes Upp
Page 448 and 449:
Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
Page 450 and 451:
Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 452 and 453:
Louth Fig. 214: Photograph of soute
Page 454 and 455:
Mayo County Mayo Fig. 215: Signific
Page 456 and 457:
Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
Page 458 and 459:
Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 460 and 461:
Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 462 and 463:
Mayo Fig. 219: Plan of ecclesiastic
Page 464 and 465:
Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 466 and 467:
Mayo Fig. 222: Features near entran
Page 468 and 469:
Mayo Fig. 223: Plan of excavated ar
Page 470 and 471:
Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
Page 472 and 473:
Meath County Meath Fig. 226: Signif
Page 474 and 475:
Meath Fig. 227: Plan of excavations
Page 476 and 477:
Meath Fig. 228: Plan of Augherskea,
Page 478 and 479:
Meath possibly a foundation deposit
Page 480 and 481:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 482 and 483:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 484 and 485:
Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 486 and 487:
Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
Page 488 and 489:
Meath Fig. 231: Enclosures at Castl
Page 490 and 491:
Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
Page 492 and 493:
Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 494 and 495:
Meath enclosure. This ditch contain
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Meath Fig. 234: Excavations at Colp
Page 500 and 501:
Meath Fig. 235: Enclosures at Colp
Page 502 and 503:
Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
Page 504 and 505:
Meath bone and finds were few. The
Page 506 and 507:
Meath Fig. 237: Phases of enclosure
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Meath Knowth Site M, Co. Meath Earl
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Meath belt buckles, bone combs and
Page 520 and 521:
Meath Lagore (Lagore Big td.), Co.
Page 522 and 523:
Meath similar huge amounts being re
Page 524 and 525:
Meath ‘Madden’s Hill’, Kiltal
Page 526 and 527:
Meath Moynagh Lough, Co. Meath Earl
Page 528 and 529:
Meath spreads of animal bone were u
Page 530 and 531:
Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 532 and 533:
Meath disturbed burial appeared to
Page 534 and 535:
Meath layer of fire-reddened or bur
Page 536 and 537:
Meath Kelly, E. P. 1981. A short st
Page 538 and 539:
Meath suggests a network of trade a
Page 540 and 541:
Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
Page 542 and 543:
Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
Page 544 and 545:
Meath former cereal-drying kiln. Th
Page 546 and 547:
Page 548 and 549:
Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
Page 550 and 551:
Meath Fig. 248: Phases from Roestow
Page 552 and 553:
Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 554 and 555:
Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 556 and 557:
Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 249:
Page 558 and 559:
Monaghan have been used for storage
Page 560 and 561:
Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 562 and 563:
Offaly pins (ninth/tenth century da
Page 564 and 565:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 566 and 567:
Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 568 and 569:
Offaly References: Boland, D. & O'S
Page 570 and 571:
Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
Page 572 and 573:
Roscommon ‘Rathcroghan’, Co. Ro
Page 574 and 575:
Roscommon Tulsk, Co. Roscommon Earl
Page 576 and 577:
Sligo County Sligo Fig. 258: Signif
Page 578 and 579:
Sligo Fig. 259: Post-built structur
Page 580 and 581:
Sligo Inishmurray, Co. Sligo Early
Page 582 and 583:
Sligo Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Early Me
Page 584 and 585:
Sligo References: Mount, C. 1994:20
Page 586 and 587:
Sligo Fig. 262: Outline plan of Mag
Page 588 and 589:
Sligo ‘Rathtinaun’ (Lough Gara
Page 590 and 591:
Sligo discs and 1 rotary quern. The
Page 592 and 593:
Sligo Sroove (Lough Gara td.), Co.
Page 594 and 595:
Tipperary County Tipperary Fig. 264
Page 596 and 597:
Tipperary Fig. 265: Plan of Bowling
Page 598 and 599:
Tipperary saw the building of the p
Page 600 and 601:
Tipperary stones, apparently the bo
Page 602 and 603:
Tipperary Killoran (31), Co. Limeri
Page 604 and 605:
Tipperary Killoran 66, Co. Tipperar
Page 606 and 607:
Tyrone County Tyrone Fig. 270: Sign
Page 608 and 609:
Tyrone Fig. 272: Early medieval Pha
Page 610 and 611:
Tyrone Fig. 273: Excavation plan of
Page 612 and 613:
Tyrone Dunmisk, Co. Tyrone Early Me
Page 614 and 615:
Tyrone Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 616 and 617:
Tyrone Fig. 276: Excavated area at
Page 618 and 619:
Tyrone Mullaghbane, Co. Tyrone Earl
Page 620 and 621:
Waterford County Waterford Fig. 280
Page 622 and 623:
Waterford Kilgreany, Co. Waterford
Page 624 and 625:
Waterford Fig. 282: Plan of Kilgrea
Page 626 and 627:
Waterford Kill St. Lawrence, Co. Wa
Page 628 and 629:
Waterford ‘Kiltera’ (Dromore td
Page 630 and 631:
Waterford Fig. 283: Plan of Kiltera
Page 632 and 633:
Waterford Little Patrick Street/Bar
Page 634 and 635:
Waterford Ireland and took up at Po
Page 636 and 637:
Waterford There is very little tent
Page 638 and 639:
Waterford eastern half of the earli
Page 640 and 641:
Waterford Though the archaeological
Page 642 and 643:
Waterford Wren 1993 & 1998), the va
Page 644 and 645:
Waterford By the early thirteenth c
Page 646 and 647:
Waterford Fig. 291: Excavated build
Page 648 and 649:
Waterford Fragmentary structural re
Page 650 and 651:
Waterford Large amounts of antler a
Page 652 and 653:
Waterford Hurley, M.F. 1990:108. Ar
Page 654 and 655:
Waterford McCutcheon, S. W. J. & Hu
Page 656 and 657:
Waterford Wallace, P. F. 2005. The
Page 658 and 659:
Waterford A stone metalled entrance
Page 660 and 661:
Waterford It has been suggested tha
Page 662 and 663:
Waterford References: Eogan, J. 200
Page 664 and 665:
Westmeath Ballinderry I, Co. Westme
Page 666 and 667:
Westmeath rectangular house, as the
Page 668 and 669:
Westmeath Clonfad, Co. Westmeath Ea
Page 670 and 671:
Westmeath Kilpatrick, Killucan, (Co
Page 672 and 673:
Westmeath Newtownlow, Co. Westmeath
Page 674 and 675:
Westmeath Rochfort Demesne, Co. Wes
Page 676 and 677:
Westmeath Togherstown, Co. Westmeat
Page 678 and 679:
Westmeath Fig. 300: Plan of enclosu
Page 680 and 681:
Wexford Bride Street, Wexford, Co.
Page 682 and 683:
Wicklow Giltspur, Co. Wicklow Early
Page 685:
UCD School of Archaeology
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