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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer, MGL Baillie, E Bard, A Bayliss, JW Beck, C Bertrand, PG Blackwell, CE Buck, G Burr, KB Cutler, PE Damon, RL Edwards, RG Fairbanks, M Friedrich, TP Guilderson, KA Hughen, B Kromer, FG McCormac, S Manning, C Bronk Ramsey, RW Reimer, S Remmele, JR Southon, M Stuiver, S Talamo, FW Taylor, J van der Plicht, and CE Weyhenmeyer (2004), Radiocarbon 46:1029-1058). Sample No. Context Beta-177959 Animal bone from Phase 1 enclosure ditch Beta-177960 Animal bone from primary context of Phase 2 enclosure ditch Beta-176808 Charcoal from spread overlying upper fills of Phase 2 enclosure ditch Beta-176807 Charcoal from pit at base of Phase 3 enclosure ditch Beta-180653 Human bone from Burial 269 in middle fill of Phase 3 enclosure ditch Beta-178197 Human bone from charnel pit - partial remains of at least three adults (central burial mound) Beta-184610 Human bone from Burial 33 (central burial mound) Beta-184704 Human bone from Burial 128 in proximity to the mound Beta-184702 Human bone from Burial 26 in proximity to mound Beta-178196 Human bone from Burial 118 at eastern edge of mound Beta-176808 Charcoal from occupational deposit overlying Phase I and II ditches 14 C Date Cal. 2 Σ 1490±60 BP A.D. 432-498; A.D. 501-651 1470±60 BP A.D. 433-494; A.D. 505-523; A.D. 526-661 1230±60 BP A.D. 664-898; A.D. 920-947 840±60 BP A.D. 1042-1107; A.D. 1117-1276 930±70 BP A.D. 990-1228; A.D. 1232-1242; A.D. 1247-1251 1560±70 BP A.D. 349-368; A.D. 379-641 1460±70 BP A.D. 430-670 1240±40 BP A.D. 680-882 1100±40 BP A.D. 828-839; A.D. 866-1021 790±50 BP A.D. 1058-1064; A.D. 1069-1071; A.D. 1155-1292 1230±60 BP A.D. 664-898; A.D. 920-947 Beta-181478 Charcoal from a refuse pit 1020±60 BP A.D. 894-1157 Beta-177963 Animal bone from possible animal enclosure ditch 930±60 BP A.D. 996-1006; A.D. 1012-1221 Beta-184701 Charred material from 1660±60 BP A.D. 250-538 metallurgical pit to east of enclosures Beta-181479 Charred material from 1540±60 BP A.D. 410-637 metallurgical pit within enclosure Beta-184700 Charcoal from a smelting furnace 1200±60 BP A.D. 682-905; A.D. 912-970 Beta-176807 Charcoal from furnace within base of Phase III enclosure ditch 840±60 BP A.D. 1042-1107; A.D. 1117- 1276 Reference: Clarke, L. & Carlin, N. 2008. Living with the dead: an enclosed burial, settlement and industrial site, in N. Carlin, L. Clarke & F. Walsh, (eds.) Life and Death in the Boyne Floodplain: Findings from the Archaeological Excavations along the route of the M4 Motorway, 55–86. National Roads Authority Scheme Monographs 2. Dublin. National Roads Authority. Wordwell. 486
Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Settlement Grid reference: N739760 (27390/27600) SMR No: ME017-044 Excavation License No: N/A Excavation duration/year: October – December 1987; April – May 1988 Site director: G. Byrne (Freelance) Excavations at Kells – in advance of a proposed new Garda headquarters – revealed a range of features dating from potentially the Bronze Age until the post medieval periods. Early medieval activity was represented by part of an enclosure ditch and some pits outside the ecclesiastical site at Kells. The site was located immediately to the northwest of the stoneroofed oratory known as ‘St Columba's House’ – dated between the eighth and ninth centuries from scientific analysis of its mortar (www.megalithicireland.com/High%20Cross%20Kells.htm) – and 150m north-north-west of the round tower. The site was situated on the summit and eastern side of a low hill. Part of a V-sectioned ditch, which measured approximately 2.2m wide and 1.5m deep, was revealed for a length of about 20m directly to the north-west of St Columba's House. This formed part of a circular enclosure that was approximately 22m in diameter. The ditch expanded in width and depth at its northern end before terminating at a potential entrance. The entrance was defined by a large number of stakeholes. Many of these formed two main rows which ran parallel to the ditch end. The ditch was partly rock-cut and its fill consisted of several different layers with large quantities of animal bone. Bronze artefacts included a plain brooch from one of the basal fills that possibly dates to the seventh century, a needle and a ring fragment. Items of iron included a ring-handle, a hook and a knife while ironworking was indicated by the presence of a furnace bottom and slag. Stone finds included a bead, whetstones, a flat perforated disc and a number of naturally water-rounded stones. A blue-glass bead and a bone pin were also retrieved. A shallow ash- and charcoal-filled pit to the west of the ditch contained a green and opaque yellow glass bead. Further excavation of the enclosure ditch in 1988 (three sections were investigated) produced a large quantity of artefacts including a stone spindle whorl, a socketed iron punch or awl, an iron ring, slag, fragments of a bronze ring, a bone cylinder and the head of a bone pin. Animal bone was also abundant. Another pit was excavated outside the enclosure and it contained a lot of charcoal and ash. The only artefact was part of a polished bone pin. These excavations suggest that there was settlement activity at Kells potentially prior to the foundation of the monastery in A.D. 804 by St Colmcille of Iona. (No plans were available for this site). References: Byrne, B. 1987:041. Kells, Townparks, Co. Meath’, www.excavations.ie. Byrne, B. 1988:057. Kells, Townparks, Co. Meath’, www.excavations.ie. Electronic Resource: www.megalithicireland.com. 487
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E ARLY M EDIEVAL A RCHAEOLOGY P ROJ
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents St Michael le Pol
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Table of Contents Knowth Site M, Co
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 92: Excavated
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List of Figures Fig. 183: Plan of h
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List of Figures Fig. 270: Significa
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Introduction 1.1 Description of thi
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Introduction Fig. 1: Key to symbols
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Introduction (commonly referred to
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Introduction References: Campbell,
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County Antrim Fig. 2: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 8: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Ballymacash,
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Antrim Fig. 12: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 15: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 53 and 54:
Antrim Fig. 17: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 20: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 24: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 25: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Killealy, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim ‘Langford Lodge’ (Gartre
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Antrim Lissue, Co. Antrim Early Med
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Antrim ‘Meadowbank’ (Jordanstow
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Antrim Rathbeg, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Seacash, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of interior of
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Armagh Armagh (Armagh City td.), Co
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Armagh Fig. 40: Excavations at Cast
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Armagh Radiocarbon Dates: Abbey Str
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Armagh Dressogagh, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 47: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare wooden bucket, as well as Bro
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 53: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 54: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork shape was not able to be infer
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Cork ‘St. Gobnet’s House’ (Gl
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Cork Banduff, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Barrees Valley, Co. Cork Early
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Cork Brigown, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Carrigaline Middle, Co. Cork E
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 63: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 66: Excavated areas on th
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Cork apart at one of the lowest lev
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Cork The Scandinavian main street o
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Cork Fig. 68: 11-13 Washington Stre
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Cork Fig. 69: Hanover Street/South
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Cork Twelfth century bone-working i
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Cork Hurley, M. F. 1995. Excavation
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Cork Curraheen, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork barrel-padlock and an anvil; a
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Cork Killanully, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork flint objects, a rotary quern
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Cork number of post pits and stakeh
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Cork bronze button, bronze brooch,
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Cork ‘Lisnagun’ (Darrary td.),
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Cork Fig. 76: Plan of interior of L
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Cork bracelet, a segmented bead of
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Cork Fig. 78: Excavated areas in Mi
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Cork A total of thirteen struck fli
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Cork A small number of un-stratifie
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Cork sequence of fire debris. The p
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Donegal Dooey, Co. Donegal Early Me
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Donegal Fig. 82: Plan of Rinnaraw C
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Donegal Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Down Ballyfounder, Co. Down Early M
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Down Ballywillwill, Co. Down Early
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Down ‘Clea Lakes’ (Tullyveery t
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Down Crossnacreevy, Co. Down Early
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Down Drumadonnell, Co. Down Early M
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Down Duneight, Co. Down Early Medie
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Down ‘Dunnyneil Island’ (Dunnyn
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 98: Section of Gransha sh
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Down spreads of gravel and some fir
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Down Fig. 100: Section of Rathmulla
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Down Fig. 103: Excavation at White
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Dublin County Dublin Fig. 105: Sign
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Dublin Ballyman, Co. Dublin Early M
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 107: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin interface of this layer and
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Dublin Scandinavian/Hiberno-Scandin
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Dublin The following is based on ge
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Dublin 1999, 27). Similarly dated s
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Dublin Eleventh Century (Fig. 113)
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Dublin Evidence for two stone walls
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Dublin Fig. 116. Reconstruction of
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Dublin Fig. 118: Plan of Type-2 Hou
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Dublin Excavations occurred directl
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Dublin An amber and jet workshop wa
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Dublin Glebe (Site 43), Co. Dublin
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Dublin ‘Mount Offaly’, Cabintee
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Dublin Fig. 122: Phases at Mount Of
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Dublin a continuation of Ditch C an
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin were suggestive of a number
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Dublin Dubhlinn - a large natural p
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Dublin Scandinavian warrior burial
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Dublin Fig. 128: Plan of excavation
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Dublin Gowen, M. 2001. Excavations
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Fermanagh ‘Boho’ (Carn td.), Co
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Fermanagh Coolcran, Co. Fermanagh E
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Fermanagh ‘Lisdoo’ (Castle Balf
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Fermanagh Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
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Galway Ballybrit, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Carrowkeel, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Doonloughan, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway ‘Feerwore Rath’ (Turoe t
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Galway High Island, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 146: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 147: Signif
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Kerry Fig. 148: Plan of site showin
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Kerry unique mix of architectural c
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Kerry Bray Head, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry House 9 was located at the so
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Kerry Fig. 151: Plan of early medie
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Kerry to retain insulating sod for
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Kerry Fig. 152: Plan of Church Isla
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Kerry Clogher, Lixnaw, Co. Kerry Ea
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Kerry Cloghermore, Co. Kerry Cave G
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Kerry Many of the latest burials fr
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Kerry A.D. 912-970 Beta-137046 Huma
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Kerry Fig. 158: Plan of Coarhabeg c
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Kerry Fig. 159: Plan of Phase 1 hou
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Kerry ‘Dunbeg Fort’ (Fahan td.)
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Kerry A stone flagged path linked t
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: Sample No.
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Kerry inside and on top of the cist
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry House C was a rectangular bui
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Kerry Loher, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry Reask, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry was excavated within the inte
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Kerry Fig. 168: Plan of Reask, Co.
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Kerry References: Fanning, T. 1973.
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Kildare Fig. 173: Prehistoric and e
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Kilkenny County Kilkenny Fig. 176:
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Kilkenny ‘Kilkenny Castle’ (Duk
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Kilkenny ‘Leggetsrath’ (Blanchf
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reim
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Laois Parknahown, Co. Laois Early M
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Laois Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Limerick Ballyduff, Co. Limerick Ea
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Limerick Ballynagallagh, Co. Limeri
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Limerick Fig. 185: Ditch and palisa
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Limerick Fig. 186: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick shade from light to dark-b
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Limerick The ‘Spectacles’ (Loug
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Limerick Coonagh West, Co. Limerick
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Limerick Croom East, Co. Limerick E
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Limerick Cush, Co. Limerick Early M
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Limerick house which utilized the t
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Limerick 4, Cush 6 and Cush 7 with
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Limerick The sites at Ballingoola (
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Limerick Knockea, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Fig. 193: Plan of Phase 1
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Limerick about thirty). The last th
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Limerick Raheennamadra, Co. Limeric
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Fig. 196: Plan of Sluggary
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Londonderry Big Glebe, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Corrstown, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Londonderry Oughtymore, Co. Londond
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Longford County Longford Fig. 202:
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Longford Fig. 203: Excavated areas
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Louth County Louth Fig. 204: Signif
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Louth A stone-lined oval kiln, with
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Louth The north-eastern area within
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Louth O’Hara, R. 2009. Early medi
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Louth Delaney, S. 2010. An early me
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Louth made from bronze, iron and bo
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Louth Archaeological monitoring of
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 209: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 212: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 214: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 215: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 462 and 463: Mayo Fig. 219: Plan of ecclesiastic
Page 464 and 465: Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 466 and 467: Mayo Fig. 222: Features near entran
Page 468 and 469: Mayo Fig. 223: Plan of excavated ar
Page 470 and 471: Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
Page 472 and 473: Meath County Meath Fig. 226: Signif
Page 474 and 475: Meath Fig. 227: Plan of excavations
Page 476 and 477: Meath Fig. 228: Plan of Augherskea,
Page 478 and 479: Meath possibly a foundation deposit
Page 480 and 481: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 482 and 483: Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 484 and 485: Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 486 and 487: Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
Page 488 and 489: Meath Fig. 231: Enclosures at Castl
Page 490 and 491: Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
Page 492 and 493: Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 494 and 495: Meath enclosure. This ditch contain
Page 498 and 499: Meath Fig. 234: Excavations at Colp
Page 500 and 501: Meath Fig. 235: Enclosures at Colp
Page 502 and 503: Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
Page 504 and 505: Meath bone and finds were few. The
Page 506 and 507: Meath Fig. 237: Phases of enclosure
Page 510 and 511: Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
Page 514 and 515: Meath Knowth Site M, Co. Meath Earl
Page 518 and 519: Meath belt buckles, bone combs and
Page 520 and 521: Meath Lagore (Lagore Big td.), Co.
Page 522 and 523: Meath similar huge amounts being re
Page 524 and 525: Meath ‘Madden’s Hill’, Kiltal
Page 526 and 527: Meath Moynagh Lough, Co. Meath Earl
Page 528 and 529: Meath spreads of animal bone were u
Page 530 and 531: Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 532 and 533: Meath disturbed burial appeared to
Page 534 and 535: Meath layer of fire-reddened or bur
Page 536 and 537: Meath Kelly, E. P. 1981. A short st
Page 538 and 539: Meath suggests a network of trade a
Page 540 and 541: Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
Page 542 and 543: Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
Page 544 and 545: Meath former cereal-drying kiln. Th
Page 548 and 549: Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
Page 550 and 551: Meath Fig. 248: Phases from Roestow
Page 552 and 553: Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 554 and 555: Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 556 and 557: Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 249:
Page 558 and 559: Monaghan have been used for storage
Page 560 and 561: Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
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Offaly pins (ninth/tenth century da
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Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly References: Boland, D. & O'S
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon ‘Rathcroghan’, Co. Ro
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Roscommon Tulsk, Co. Roscommon Earl
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Sligo County Sligo Fig. 258: Signif
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Sligo Fig. 259: Post-built structur
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Sligo Inishmurray, Co. Sligo Early
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Sligo Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Early Me
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Sligo References: Mount, C. 1994:20
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Sligo Fig. 262: Outline plan of Mag
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Sligo ‘Rathtinaun’ (Lough Gara
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Sligo discs and 1 rotary quern. The
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Sligo Sroove (Lough Gara td.), Co.
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Tipperary County Tipperary Fig. 264
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Tipperary Fig. 265: Plan of Bowling
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Tipperary saw the building of the p
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Tipperary stones, apparently the bo
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Tipperary Killoran (31), Co. Limeri
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Tipperary Killoran 66, Co. Tipperar
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Tyrone County Tyrone Fig. 270: Sign
Page 608 and 609:
Tyrone Fig. 272: Early medieval Pha
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Tyrone Fig. 273: Excavation plan of
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Tyrone Dunmisk, Co. Tyrone Early Me
Page 614 and 615:
Tyrone Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 616 and 617:
Tyrone Fig. 276: Excavated area at
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Tyrone Mullaghbane, Co. Tyrone Earl
Page 620 and 621:
Waterford County Waterford Fig. 280
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Waterford Kilgreany, Co. Waterford
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Waterford Fig. 282: Plan of Kilgrea
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Waterford Kill St. Lawrence, Co. Wa
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Waterford ‘Kiltera’ (Dromore td
Page 630 and 631:
Waterford Fig. 283: Plan of Kiltera
Page 632 and 633:
Waterford Little Patrick Street/Bar
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Waterford Ireland and took up at Po
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Waterford There is very little tent
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Waterford eastern half of the earli
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Waterford Though the archaeological
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Waterford Wren 1993 & 1998), the va
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Waterford By the early thirteenth c
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Waterford Fig. 291: Excavated build
Page 648 and 649:
Waterford Fragmentary structural re
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Waterford Large amounts of antler a
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Waterford Hurley, M.F. 1990:108. Ar
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Waterford McCutcheon, S. W. J. & Hu
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Waterford Wallace, P. F. 2005. The
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Waterford A stone metalled entrance
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Waterford It has been suggested tha
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Waterford References: Eogan, J. 200
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Westmeath Ballinderry I, Co. Westme
Page 666 and 667:
Westmeath rectangular house, as the
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Westmeath Clonfad, Co. Westmeath Ea
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Westmeath Kilpatrick, Killucan, (Co
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Westmeath Newtownlow, Co. Westmeath
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Westmeath Rochfort Demesne, Co. Wes
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Westmeath Togherstown, Co. Westmeat
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EMAP_Progress_Reports_2009_2.pdf - The Heritage Council

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