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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: Sample No. Context 14 C Date Cal. 2 Σ UB-2215 Wood charcoal from base of Ditch 1 1150±75 BP A.D. 691-749; A.D. 763-1018. UB-2216 Charcoal from inside shallow ditch, partly underlying the inner stone 2535±35 BP 799 – 721 B.C.; 694-540 B.C. rampart UB-2217 Charcoal from Phase 1 of clochán 960±100 BP A.D. 891-1263. UB-2218 Charcoal from habitation deposit from Phase 2 of clochán 1050±35 BP A.D. 895-925; A.D. 937-1030. UB-2219 N/A 1150±75 BP A.D. 691-749; A.D. 763-1018. References: Barry, T. B. 1981. Archaeological excavations at Dunbeg promontory fort, County Kerry, 1977. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section C, 81C, 295–329. 308
Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Settlement Grid Ref: V362733 (03620/07330) SMR No: KE087-036 Excavation Licence: 92E0087 Excavation Duration/year: 1992-1995 Site Director: C. Walsh & J.W. Marshall (University of California, Berkeley) Illaunloughan is a small island (0.1 hectares at high tide) in the Portmagee Channel between Valentia Island and the Kerry mainland. The site was occupied by a monastic community between the mid-/late-seventh century and mid-ninth century, and approximately 70% of the island was excavated as part of a research program from 1992-95. Four phases of occupation were evident. Phase 1 dated to the mid-seventh/mid-eighth centuries and comprised three sod-walled domestic huts, an oratory, a diminutive structure, a shrine and burials (Fig. 164). Two contemporary conjoined sod-walled huts (A and B) were exposed in the western section of the island. Hut A was 3.7m in internal diameter and contained a central stone-lined hearth. The narrow sod walls were contained within two concentric trenches, revetted by orthostats and dry-stone masonry. Hut B had the same approximate internal diameter of Hut A though its external diameter (6.7m) was considerably greater because of its thicker walls. It sod walls were contained within two shallow trenches cut into bedrock. Postholes around the inner trench indicate that the inner sod fill was revetted by post-and-wattle instead of stone. Charcoal from the central stone-lined hearth produced seventh/eighth century date (see below). Hut C was revealed on the southern edge of the island beneath a midden belonging to a nearby hut (D) from Phase 2. It was heavily eroded and consisted only of a semi-circular trench with a single posthole at the eastern end, presumably part of an entrance. An external layer of rubble stone aligned with the arc of the trench may have been used to retain blocks of sod. A regularly flagged path extended for a distance of 2.5m from the entrance of Hut B. The two huts (A and B) were built up against the inner face of a section of the island’s western enclosing stone wall (0.5m high) which buffered the community from the western winds and sea. A deep organic artificial garden soil covered much of the western ‘domestic’ half of the island and suggests the growing of vegetables during the first phase of the monastic settlement. Hut C was interpreted as the earliest structure on the site and being in the most exposed location appears to have been used primarily for industrial purposed contemporary with Huts A and B. A localized area of metalworking debris covering Hut C revealed evidence for the designing and casting of copper-/bronze-alloy brooches and pins. Over 80 fragments of clay moulds (two-piece moulds, crucibles and part of a tuyère), as well as carved bone motif, were recovered from the debris. Four copper/bronze alloy artefacts (a penannular ring brooch, an annular brooch-pin, ring-brooch fragment, and a belt end/buckle plate) were recovered in a nearby midden close to Hut D. A sod-walled oratory, succeeded by a small oratory/shrine structure was excavated partly beneath and to the east of the Phase 2 dry-stone oratory. A number of closely-spaced graves were placed behind the eastern wall of the primary sod oratory and appear to have been associated with this structure. Two stone cists containing the remains of two adults and one infant were sealed beneath the gable shaped shrine on the northern side of the island and were dated to the lateseventh/late- eighth centuries (see below). Scallop shells and quartz pebbles were found 309
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E ARLY M EDIEVAL A RCHAEOLOGY P ROJ
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents St Michael le Pol
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Table of Contents Knowth Site M, Co
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 92: Excavated
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List of Figures Fig. 183: Plan of h
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List of Figures Fig. 270: Significa
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Introduction 1.1 Description of thi
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Introduction Fig. 1: Key to symbols
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Introduction (commonly referred to
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Introduction References: Campbell,
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County Antrim Fig. 2: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 8: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Ballymacash,
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Antrim Fig. 12: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 15: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Fig. 17: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 20: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 24: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 25: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Killealy, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim ‘Langford Lodge’ (Gartre
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Antrim Lissue, Co. Antrim Early Med
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Antrim ‘Meadowbank’ (Jordanstow
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Antrim Rathbeg, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Seacash, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of interior of
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Armagh Armagh (Armagh City td.), Co
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Armagh Fig. 40: Excavations at Cast
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Armagh Radiocarbon Dates: Abbey Str
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Armagh Dressogagh, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 47: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare wooden bucket, as well as Bro
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 53: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 54: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork shape was not able to be infer
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Cork ‘St. Gobnet’s House’ (Gl
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Cork Banduff, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Barrees Valley, Co. Cork Early
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Cork Brigown, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Carrigaline Middle, Co. Cork E
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 63: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 66: Excavated areas on th
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Cork apart at one of the lowest lev
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Cork The Scandinavian main street o
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Cork Fig. 68: 11-13 Washington Stre
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Cork Fig. 69: Hanover Street/South
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Cork Twelfth century bone-working i
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Cork Hurley, M. F. 1995. Excavation
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Cork Curraheen, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork barrel-padlock and an anvil; a
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Cork Killanully, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork flint objects, a rotary quern
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Cork number of post pits and stakeh
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Cork bronze button, bronze brooch,
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Cork ‘Lisnagun’ (Darrary td.),
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Cork Fig. 76: Plan of interior of L
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Cork bracelet, a segmented bead of
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Cork Fig. 78: Excavated areas in Mi
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Cork A total of thirteen struck fli
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Cork A small number of un-stratifie
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Cork sequence of fire debris. The p
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Donegal Dooey, Co. Donegal Early Me
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Donegal Fig. 82: Plan of Rinnaraw C
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Donegal Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Down Ballyfounder, Co. Down Early M
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Down Ballywillwill, Co. Down Early
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Down ‘Clea Lakes’ (Tullyveery t
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Down Crossnacreevy, Co. Down Early
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Down Drumadonnell, Co. Down Early M
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Down Duneight, Co. Down Early Medie
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Down ‘Dunnyneil Island’ (Dunnyn
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 98: Section of Gransha sh
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Down spreads of gravel and some fir
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Down Fig. 100: Section of Rathmulla
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Down Fig. 103: Excavation at White
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Dublin County Dublin Fig. 105: Sign
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Dublin Ballyman, Co. Dublin Early M
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 107: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin interface of this layer and
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Dublin Scandinavian/Hiberno-Scandin
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Dublin The following is based on ge
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Dublin 1999, 27). Similarly dated s
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Dublin Eleventh Century (Fig. 113)
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Dublin Evidence for two stone walls
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Dublin Fig. 116. Reconstruction of
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Dublin Fig. 118: Plan of Type-2 Hou
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Dublin Excavations occurred directl
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Dublin An amber and jet workshop wa
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Dublin Glebe (Site 43), Co. Dublin
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Dublin ‘Mount Offaly’, Cabintee
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Dublin Fig. 122: Phases at Mount Of
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Dublin a continuation of Ditch C an
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin were suggestive of a number
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Dublin Dubhlinn - a large natural p
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Dublin Scandinavian warrior burial
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Dublin Fig. 128: Plan of excavation
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Dublin Gowen, M. 2001. Excavations
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Fermanagh ‘Boho’ (Carn td.), Co
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Fermanagh Coolcran, Co. Fermanagh E
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Fermanagh ‘Lisdoo’ (Castle Balf
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Fermanagh Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
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Galway Ballybrit, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Carrowkeel, Co. Galway Early
Page 284 and 285: Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 286 and 287: Galway Doonloughan, Co. Galway Earl
Page 288 and 289: Galway ‘Feerwore Rath’ (Turoe t
Page 290 and 291: Galway High Island, Co. Galway Earl
Page 292 and 293: Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
Page 294 and 295: Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
Page 296 and 297: Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
Page 298 and 299: Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 300 and 301: Galway Fig. 146: Excavated area at
Page 302 and 303: Kerry County Kerry Fig. 147: Signif
Page 304 and 305: Kerry Fig. 148: Plan of site showin
Page 306 and 307: Kerry unique mix of architectural c
Page 308 and 309: Kerry Bray Head, Valentia Island Ea
Page 310 and 311: Kerry House 9 was located at the so
Page 312 and 313: Kerry Fig. 151: Plan of early medie
Page 314 and 315: Kerry to retain insulating sod for
Page 316 and 317: Kerry Fig. 152: Plan of Church Isla
Page 318 and 319: Kerry Clogher, Lixnaw, Co. Kerry Ea
Page 320 and 321: Kerry Cloghermore, Co. Kerry Cave G
Page 322 and 323: Kerry Many of the latest burials fr
Page 324 and 325: Kerry A.D. 912-970 Beta-137046 Huma
Page 326 and 327: Kerry Fig. 158: Plan of Coarhabeg c
Page 328 and 329: Kerry Fig. 159: Plan of Phase 1 hou
Page 330 and 331: Kerry ‘Dunbeg Fort’ (Fahan td.)
Page 332 and 333: Kerry A stone flagged path linked t
Page 336 and 337: Kerry inside and on top of the cist
Page 338 and 339: Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 340 and 341: Kerry House C was a rectangular bui
Page 342 and 343: Kerry Loher, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
Page 344 and 345: Kerry Reask, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
Page 346 and 347: Kerry was excavated within the inte
Page 348 and 349: Kerry Fig. 168: Plan of Reask, Co.
Page 350 and 351: Kerry References: Fanning, T. 1973.
Page 352 and 353: Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
Page 354 and 355: Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 356 and 357: Kildare Fig. 173: Prehistoric and e
Page 358 and 359: Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 360 and 361: Kilkenny County Kilkenny Fig. 176:
Page 362 and 363: Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 364 and 365: Kilkenny ‘Kilkenny Castle’ (Duk
Page 366 and 367: Kilkenny ‘Leggetsrath’ (Blanchf
Page 368 and 369: Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 370 and 371: Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reim
Page 372 and 373: Laois Parknahown, Co. Laois Early M
Page 374 and 375: Laois Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 376 and 377: Limerick Ballyduff, Co. Limerick Ea
Page 378 and 379: Limerick Ballynagallagh, Co. Limeri
Page 380 and 381: Limerick Fig. 185: Ditch and palisa
Page 382 and 383: Limerick Fig. 186: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick shade from light to dark-b
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Limerick The ‘Spectacles’ (Loug
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Limerick Coonagh West, Co. Limerick
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Limerick Croom East, Co. Limerick E
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Limerick Cush, Co. Limerick Early M
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Limerick house which utilized the t
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Limerick 4, Cush 6 and Cush 7 with
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Limerick The sites at Ballingoola (
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Limerick Knockea, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Fig. 193: Plan of Phase 1
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Limerick about thirty). The last th
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Limerick Raheennamadra, Co. Limeric
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Fig. 196: Plan of Sluggary
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Londonderry Big Glebe, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Corrstown, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Londonderry Oughtymore, Co. Londond
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Longford County Longford Fig. 202:
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Longford Fig. 203: Excavated areas
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Louth County Louth Fig. 204: Signif
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Louth A stone-lined oval kiln, with
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Louth The north-eastern area within
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Louth O’Hara, R. 2009. Early medi
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Louth Delaney, S. 2010. An early me
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Louth made from bronze, iron and bo
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Louth Archaeological monitoring of
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 209: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 212: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 214: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 215: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
Page 458 and 459:
Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 460 and 461:
Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 219: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 222: Features near entran
Page 468 and 469:
Mayo Fig. 223: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 226: Signif
Page 474 and 475:
Meath Fig. 227: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 228: Plan of Augherskea,
Page 478 and 479:
Meath possibly a foundation deposit
Page 480 and 481:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 482 and 483:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 484 and 485:
Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 486 and 487:
Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
Page 488 and 489:
Meath Fig. 231: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 494 and 495:
Meath enclosure. This ditch contain
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Meath Fig. 234: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 235: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath bone and finds were few. The
Page 506 and 507:
Meath Fig. 237: Phases of enclosure
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Meath Knowth Site M, Co. Meath Earl
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Meath belt buckles, bone combs and
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Meath Lagore (Lagore Big td.), Co.
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Meath similar huge amounts being re
Page 524 and 525:
Meath ‘Madden’s Hill’, Kiltal
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Meath Moynagh Lough, Co. Meath Earl
Page 528 and 529:
Meath spreads of animal bone were u
Page 530 and 531:
Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 532 and 533:
Meath disturbed burial appeared to
Page 534 and 535:
Meath layer of fire-reddened or bur
Page 536 and 537:
Meath Kelly, E. P. 1981. A short st
Page 538 and 539:
Meath suggests a network of trade a
Page 540 and 541:
Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
Page 542 and 543:
Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath former cereal-drying kiln. Th
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Page 548 and 549:
Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 248: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 554 and 555:
Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 556 and 557:
Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 249:
Page 558 and 559:
Monaghan have been used for storage
Page 560 and 561:
Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 562 and 563:
Offaly pins (ninth/tenth century da
Page 564 and 565:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 566 and 567:
Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 568 and 569:
Offaly References: Boland, D. & O'S
Page 570 and 571:
Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon ‘Rathcroghan’, Co. Ro
Page 574 and 575:
Roscommon Tulsk, Co. Roscommon Earl
Page 576 and 577:
Sligo County Sligo Fig. 258: Signif
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Sligo Fig. 259: Post-built structur
Page 580 and 581:
Sligo Inishmurray, Co. Sligo Early
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Sligo Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Early Me
Page 584 and 585:
Sligo References: Mount, C. 1994:20
Page 586 and 587:
Sligo Fig. 262: Outline plan of Mag
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Sligo ‘Rathtinaun’ (Lough Gara
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Sligo discs and 1 rotary quern. The
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Sligo Sroove (Lough Gara td.), Co.
Page 594 and 595:
Tipperary County Tipperary Fig. 264
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Tipperary Fig. 265: Plan of Bowling
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Tipperary saw the building of the p
Page 600 and 601:
Tipperary stones, apparently the bo
Page 602 and 603:
Tipperary Killoran (31), Co. Limeri
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Tipperary Killoran 66, Co. Tipperar
Page 606 and 607:
Tyrone County Tyrone Fig. 270: Sign
Page 608 and 609:
Tyrone Fig. 272: Early medieval Pha
Page 610 and 611:
Tyrone Fig. 273: Excavation plan of
Page 612 and 613:
Tyrone Dunmisk, Co. Tyrone Early Me
Page 614 and 615:
Tyrone Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 616 and 617:
Tyrone Fig. 276: Excavated area at
Page 618 and 619:
Tyrone Mullaghbane, Co. Tyrone Earl
Page 620 and 621:
Waterford County Waterford Fig. 280
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Waterford Kilgreany, Co. Waterford
Page 624 and 625:
Waterford Fig. 282: Plan of Kilgrea
Page 626 and 627:
Waterford Kill St. Lawrence, Co. Wa
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Waterford ‘Kiltera’ (Dromore td
Page 630 and 631:
Waterford Fig. 283: Plan of Kiltera
Page 632 and 633:
Waterford Little Patrick Street/Bar
Page 634 and 635:
Waterford Ireland and took up at Po
Page 636 and 637:
Waterford There is very little tent
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Waterford eastern half of the earli
Page 640 and 641:
Waterford Though the archaeological
Page 642 and 643:
Waterford Wren 1993 & 1998), the va
Page 644 and 645:
Waterford By the early thirteenth c
Page 646 and 647:
Waterford Fig. 291: Excavated build
Page 648 and 649:
Waterford Fragmentary structural re
Page 650 and 651:
Waterford Large amounts of antler a
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Waterford Hurley, M.F. 1990:108. Ar
Page 654 and 655:
Waterford McCutcheon, S. W. J. & Hu
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Waterford Wallace, P. F. 2005. The
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Waterford A stone metalled entrance
Page 660 and 661:
Waterford It has been suggested tha
Page 662 and 663:
Waterford References: Eogan, J. 200
Page 664 and 665:
Westmeath Ballinderry I, Co. Westme
Page 666 and 667:
Westmeath rectangular house, as the
Page 668 and 669:
Westmeath Clonfad, Co. Westmeath Ea
Page 670 and 671:
Westmeath Kilpatrick, Killucan, (Co
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Westmeath Newtownlow, Co. Westmeath
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Westmeath Rochfort Demesne, Co. Wes
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Westmeath Togherstown, Co. Westmeat
Page 678 and 679:
Westmeath Fig. 300: Plan of enclosu
Page 680 and 681:
Wexford Bride Street, Wexford, Co.
Page 682 and 683:
Wicklow Giltspur, Co. Wicklow Early
Page 685:
UCD School of Archaeology
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