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Westmeath Kilpatrick, Killucan, (Corbetstown townland), Co. Westmeath Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Settlement Grid reference: N575558 SMR No: N/A Excavation Licence No: N/A Excavation duration/year: Six seasons between 1973 and 1982 Site directors: D.L. Swan (Research) Excavations at Kilpatrick revealed a large early medieval ecclesiastical earthen enclosure that surrounded a later medieval stone church and walled cemetery. Settlement, industrial, agricultural and burial evidence was identified which demonstrates that Kilpatrick was a thriving ecclesiastical centre during the early middle-ages. The site is situated at 91m OD in proximity to a low ridge. Marshland is located to the northeast which contrasts with the fertile and well-drained soils to the south of the site. The late medieval stone ruined church and quadrantal-shaped enclosing wall (which demarcates a graveyard) is enclosed by an earlier oval-shaped earthen enclosure which measures 90m east-west by 80m north-south in diameter. The ditch was on average 4m wide and between 2.5m and 3m deep and traces of an internal bank with stone-lined façade were detected on occasion. Animal bone was recovered in large quantities from the ditch as it was across the site. The vast majority of the excavation occurred outside the walled cemetery but one cutting close to the north wall of the church revealed occupational evidence in the form of trenches, a rectangular feature and postholes which were cut into the boulder clay. Artefacts from this area included a number of bone pins, three fragments of E ware, a portion of a copper alloy strip and a tiny copper alloy bird set on a ribbed tang. The features pre-dated the church and burials. A limited number of burials were revealed immediately adjacent to and outside the cemetery but – for the most part – they were confined within the walled enclosure. Excavation within the interior of the oval earthen enclosure (but outside the quadrantalshaped walled churchyard and cemetery) revealed domestic, industrial and agricultural features. At the southern section, occupational traces were noted by a layer of charcoal and ash. In the same area, the foundation trench of a circular structure was discovered beneath a series of cultivation furrows. It measured 7.4m in diameter and enclosed three large postholes but their relationship – if any – was unclear. Finds from this area included a clay mould, some worked fragments of antler, animal bone and charcoal. Artefacts outside the area of the circular foundation included a fragment of a penannular brooch with zoomorphic decoration, a finely made bronze needle and crucible fragments. Cuttings closer to the centre of the church and walled graveyard, in badly disturbed ground, revealed a potential curving ditch that emerged from under the west wall of the churchyard and curved around the south-western corner. This may indicate the presence of an inner enclosure contemporary with the large outer oval enclosure. An iron hand-gouge and a bone pin, with an anthropomorphically carved head, were recovered from this area. Agricultural features included the series of cultivation furrows which post-dated the circular structure (above). A stone-lined cereal-drying kiln was also present in this area (the southwestern section of the oval enclosure) alongside numerous portions of brooch pins and ringed pins, iron knives, miscellaneous iron objects, pieces of worked bone and antler, some sherds of coarse ware pottery and another fragment of E ware. A second keyhole-shaped cerealdrying kiln was situated in the western part of the enclosure and it contained substantial deposits of grain and burned material. A series of very large well-defined curving trenches with associated postholes, close to the kiln, may indicate the presence of a large circular structure. Further evidence for cereal processing included the recovery of four quernstone fragments and a large millstone fragment. 644
Westmeath Industry and craft was abundant at Kilpatrick. Both iron smelting and smithing was practised as identified in the southern sector of the oval enclosure. A forging area consisted of a shallow heat-scorched oval-shaped depression that was surrounded by a trampled stone surface containing large quantities of iron residues. The recovery of tuyères further substantiates evidence for iron smithing at Kilpatrick. Close-by were two smelting furnaces, one of which contained an intact furnace bottom and iron slag. The metallurgical features lay south of the circular structure (above) but it is unclear if they were contemporary. Nonferrous metallurgy is indicated by the presence of mould and crucible fragments. One almost complete clay mould was of a type used for casting bronze ring-headed pins. It seems that Kilpatrick was therefore a high-status site that manufactured copper-alloy pins and probably brooches while iron objects (such as knives, tools etc) were also made. Evidence for crafts was evident from the artefactual assemblage at Kilpatrick. Seventeen iron objects were identified as tools or probable examples including gouges or chisels, punches, nails and knives. Worked antler and bone was present suggesting that these materials were shaped on-site. Finally, the presence of E ware indicates that the imported pottery arrived on site through a network of trade and exchange with other high-status sites in the region and Brega further east. This indicates a sixth- to mid-seventh-century date for the primary use of the site as it was found in association with the circular structure that pre-dated the cultivation furrows. The structure was stratigraphically one of the earliest features on site but earlier activity cannot be discounted. Unfortunately, no radiocarbon dates are available. A small number of artefacts suggest the site was used in the tenth and eleventh centuries but it is not certain if it was continually occupied or re-used at this time. Later medieval and post medieval phases were also identified. References Swan, D.L. 1973:0036. Kilpatric (td. Corbetstown), Co. Westmeath, ecclesiastical enclosure. www.excavations.ie. Swan, D.L. 1975:0036. Killucan (Kilpatrick), Co. Westmeath, religious enclosure. www.excavations.ie. Swan, D.L. 1976 Excavations at Kilpatrick Churchyard, Killucan, Co. Westmeath, July/August 1973 and 1975. Ríocht na Mídhe, 6(2), 89–96. Swan, D.L. 1980/84:0199. Corbetstown (Kilpatrick), Co. Westmeath, early ecclesiastical site. www.excavations.ie. Swan, D.L. 1994/1995 Excavations at Kilpatrick, Killucan, Co. Westmeath, evidence for bone, antler and iron working. Ríocht na Mídhe, 9(1), 1–21. 645
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E ARLY M EDIEVAL A RCHAEOLOGY P ROJ
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents St Michael le Pol
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Table of Contents Knowth Site M, Co
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 92: Excavated
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List of Figures Fig. 183: Plan of h
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List of Figures Fig. 270: Significa
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Introduction 1.1 Description of thi
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Introduction Fig. 1: Key to symbols
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Introduction (commonly referred to
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Introduction References: Campbell,
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County Antrim Fig. 2: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 8: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Ballymacash,
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Antrim Fig. 12: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 15: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Fig. 17: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 20: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 24: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 25: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Killealy, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim ‘Langford Lodge’ (Gartre
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Antrim Lissue, Co. Antrim Early Med
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Antrim ‘Meadowbank’ (Jordanstow
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Antrim Rathbeg, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Seacash, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of interior of
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Armagh Armagh (Armagh City td.), Co
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Armagh Fig. 40: Excavations at Cast
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Armagh Radiocarbon Dates: Abbey Str
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Armagh Dressogagh, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 47: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare wooden bucket, as well as Bro
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 53: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 54: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork shape was not able to be infer
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Cork ‘St. Gobnet’s House’ (Gl
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Cork Banduff, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Barrees Valley, Co. Cork Early
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Cork Brigown, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Carrigaline Middle, Co. Cork E
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 63: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 66: Excavated areas on th
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Cork apart at one of the lowest lev
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Cork The Scandinavian main street o
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Cork Fig. 68: 11-13 Washington Stre
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Cork Fig. 69: Hanover Street/South
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Cork Twelfth century bone-working i
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Cork Hurley, M. F. 1995. Excavation
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Cork Curraheen, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork barrel-padlock and an anvil; a
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Cork Killanully, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork flint objects, a rotary quern
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Cork number of post pits and stakeh
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Cork bronze button, bronze brooch,
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Cork ‘Lisnagun’ (Darrary td.),
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Cork Fig. 76: Plan of interior of L
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Cork bracelet, a segmented bead of
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Cork Fig. 78: Excavated areas in Mi
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Cork A total of thirteen struck fli
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Cork A small number of un-stratifie
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Cork sequence of fire debris. The p
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Donegal Dooey, Co. Donegal Early Me
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Donegal Fig. 82: Plan of Rinnaraw C
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Donegal Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Down Ballyfounder, Co. Down Early M
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Down Ballywillwill, Co. Down Early
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Down ‘Clea Lakes’ (Tullyveery t
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Down Crossnacreevy, Co. Down Early
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Down Drumadonnell, Co. Down Early M
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Down Duneight, Co. Down Early Medie
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Down ‘Dunnyneil Island’ (Dunnyn
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 98: Section of Gransha sh
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Down spreads of gravel and some fir
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Down Fig. 100: Section of Rathmulla
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Down Fig. 103: Excavation at White
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Dublin County Dublin Fig. 105: Sign
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Dublin Ballyman, Co. Dublin Early M
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 107: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin interface of this layer and
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Dublin Scandinavian/Hiberno-Scandin
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Dublin The following is based on ge
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Dublin 1999, 27). Similarly dated s
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Dublin Eleventh Century (Fig. 113)
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Dublin Evidence for two stone walls
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Dublin Fig. 116. Reconstruction of
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Dublin Fig. 118: Plan of Type-2 Hou
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Dublin Excavations occurred directl
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Dublin An amber and jet workshop wa
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Dublin Glebe (Site 43), Co. Dublin
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Dublin ‘Mount Offaly’, Cabintee
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Dublin Fig. 122: Phases at Mount Of
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Dublin a continuation of Ditch C an
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin were suggestive of a number
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Dublin Dubhlinn - a large natural p
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Dublin Scandinavian warrior burial
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Dublin Fig. 128: Plan of excavation
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Dublin Gowen, M. 2001. Excavations
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Fermanagh ‘Boho’ (Carn td.), Co
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Fermanagh Coolcran, Co. Fermanagh E
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Fermanagh ‘Lisdoo’ (Castle Balf
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Fermanagh Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
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Galway Ballybrit, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Carrowkeel, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Doonloughan, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway ‘Feerwore Rath’ (Turoe t
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Galway High Island, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 146: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 147: Signif
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Kerry Fig. 148: Plan of site showin
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Kerry unique mix of architectural c
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Kerry Bray Head, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry House 9 was located at the so
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Kerry Fig. 151: Plan of early medie
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Kerry to retain insulating sod for
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Kerry Fig. 152: Plan of Church Isla
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Kerry Clogher, Lixnaw, Co. Kerry Ea
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Kerry Cloghermore, Co. Kerry Cave G
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Kerry Many of the latest burials fr
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Kerry A.D. 912-970 Beta-137046 Huma
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Kerry Fig. 158: Plan of Coarhabeg c
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Kerry Fig. 159: Plan of Phase 1 hou
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Kerry ‘Dunbeg Fort’ (Fahan td.)
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Kerry A stone flagged path linked t
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: Sample No.
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Kerry inside and on top of the cist
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry House C was a rectangular bui
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Kerry Loher, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry Reask, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry was excavated within the inte
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Kerry Fig. 168: Plan of Reask, Co.
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Kerry References: Fanning, T. 1973.
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Kildare Fig. 173: Prehistoric and e
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Kilkenny County Kilkenny Fig. 176:
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Kilkenny ‘Kilkenny Castle’ (Duk
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Kilkenny ‘Leggetsrath’ (Blanchf
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reim
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Laois Parknahown, Co. Laois Early M
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Laois Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Limerick Ballyduff, Co. Limerick Ea
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Limerick Ballynagallagh, Co. Limeri
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Limerick Fig. 185: Ditch and palisa
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Limerick Fig. 186: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick shade from light to dark-b
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Limerick The ‘Spectacles’ (Loug
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Limerick Coonagh West, Co. Limerick
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Limerick Croom East, Co. Limerick E
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Limerick Cush, Co. Limerick Early M
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Limerick house which utilized the t
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Limerick 4, Cush 6 and Cush 7 with
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Limerick The sites at Ballingoola (
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Limerick Knockea, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Fig. 193: Plan of Phase 1
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Limerick about thirty). The last th
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Limerick Raheennamadra, Co. Limeric
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Fig. 196: Plan of Sluggary
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Londonderry Big Glebe, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Corrstown, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Londonderry Oughtymore, Co. Londond
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Longford County Longford Fig. 202:
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Longford Fig. 203: Excavated areas
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Louth County Louth Fig. 204: Signif
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Louth A stone-lined oval kiln, with
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Louth The north-eastern area within
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Louth O’Hara, R. 2009. Early medi
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Louth Delaney, S. 2010. An early me
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Louth made from bronze, iron and bo
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Louth Archaeological monitoring of
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 209: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 212: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 214: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 215: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 219: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 222: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 223: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 226: Signif
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Meath Fig. 227: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 228: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath possibly a foundation deposit
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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 231: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath enclosure. This ditch contain
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Meath Fig. 234: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 235: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath bone and finds were few. The
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Meath Fig. 237: Phases of enclosure
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Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Meath Knowth Site M, Co. Meath Earl
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Meath belt buckles, bone combs and
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Meath Lagore (Lagore Big td.), Co.
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Meath similar huge amounts being re
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Meath ‘Madden’s Hill’, Kiltal
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Meath Moynagh Lough, Co. Meath Earl
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Meath spreads of animal bone were u
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath disturbed burial appeared to
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Meath layer of fire-reddened or bur
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1981. A short st
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Meath suggests a network of trade a
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath former cereal-drying kiln. Th
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 248: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
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Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 249:
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Monaghan have been used for storage
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
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Offaly pins (ninth/tenth century da
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Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly References: Boland, D. & O'S
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon ‘Rathcroghan’, Co. Ro
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Roscommon Tulsk, Co. Roscommon Earl
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Sligo County Sligo Fig. 258: Signif
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Sligo Fig. 259: Post-built structur
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Sligo Inishmurray, Co. Sligo Early
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Sligo Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Early Me
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Sligo References: Mount, C. 1994:20
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Sligo Fig. 262: Outline plan of Mag
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Sligo ‘Rathtinaun’ (Lough Gara
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Sligo discs and 1 rotary quern. The
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Sligo Sroove (Lough Gara td.), Co.
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Tipperary County Tipperary Fig. 264
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Tipperary Fig. 265: Plan of Bowling
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Tipperary saw the building of the p
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Tipperary stones, apparently the bo
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Tipperary Killoran (31), Co. Limeri
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Tipperary Killoran 66, Co. Tipperar
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Tyrone County Tyrone Fig. 270: Sign
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Tyrone Fig. 272: Early medieval Pha
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Tyrone Fig. 273: Excavation plan of
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Tyrone Dunmisk, Co. Tyrone Early Me
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Tyrone Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Tyrone Fig. 276: Excavated area at
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Tyrone Mullaghbane, Co. Tyrone Earl
Page 620 and 621: Waterford County Waterford Fig. 280
Page 622 and 623: Waterford Kilgreany, Co. Waterford
Page 624 and 625: Waterford Fig. 282: Plan of Kilgrea
Page 626 and 627: Waterford Kill St. Lawrence, Co. Wa
Page 628 and 629: Waterford ‘Kiltera’ (Dromore td
Page 630 and 631: Waterford Fig. 283: Plan of Kiltera
Page 632 and 633: Waterford Little Patrick Street/Bar
Page 634 and 635: Waterford Ireland and took up at Po
Page 636 and 637: Waterford There is very little tent
Page 638 and 639: Waterford eastern half of the earli
Page 640 and 641: Waterford Though the archaeological
Page 642 and 643: Waterford Wren 1993 & 1998), the va
Page 644 and 645: Waterford By the early thirteenth c
Page 646 and 647: Waterford Fig. 291: Excavated build
Page 648 and 649: Waterford Fragmentary structural re
Page 650 and 651: Waterford Large amounts of antler a
Page 652 and 653: Waterford Hurley, M.F. 1990:108. Ar
Page 654 and 655: Waterford McCutcheon, S. W. J. & Hu
Page 656 and 657: Waterford Wallace, P. F. 2005. The
Page 658 and 659: Waterford A stone metalled entrance
Page 660 and 661: Waterford It has been suggested tha
Page 662 and 663: Waterford References: Eogan, J. 200
Page 664 and 665: Westmeath Ballinderry I, Co. Westme
Page 666 and 667: Westmeath rectangular house, as the
Page 668 and 669: Westmeath Clonfad, Co. Westmeath Ea
Page 672 and 673: Westmeath Newtownlow, Co. Westmeath
Page 674 and 675: Westmeath Rochfort Demesne, Co. Wes
Page 676 and 677: Westmeath Togherstown, Co. Westmeat
Page 678 and 679: Westmeath Fig. 300: Plan of enclosu
Page 680 and 681: Wexford Bride Street, Wexford, Co.
Page 682 and 683: Wicklow Giltspur, Co. Wicklow Early
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EMAP_Progress_Reports_2009_2.pdf - The Heritage Council

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