Tricked and Trapped: Human Trafficking in the Middle East, â€Žpdf 4.1 MB

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Having said that, the Middle East is of particular significance in respect of the sheer scale of labour migration and the prevailing regulatory system, which can be conducive to forced labour and trafficking. The analysis in the following chapters focuses on situations where migrant workers experience problems, often serious ones, in order to highlight where shortcomings exist in the current labour migration governance regime and thus identify where improvements could be made. The analysis is done at the regional level and therefore does not necessarily imply that all the processes arise in every country; nonetheless it does provide information about the different ways that adult migrant workers are trafficked into the Middle East and subjected to forced labour there. 39
Page 1 and 2: In collaboration with TRICKED AND T
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © International Labour O
Page 5 and 6: officials, worker and employer repr
Page 7 and 8: 3.3.2. Recruitment 101 3.3.3. Work
Page 9 and 10: MoJ MoL MWPS MoSAL NCCHT NCT NGO NH
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Dimension
Page 13 and 14: The realization of this research pr
Page 15 and 16: In an effort to fill gaps in unders
Page 17 and 18: There have also been cases of anima
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 1: FRAMING THE ISSUE 1.1. D
Page 22 and 23: People trafficked for any of the ex
Page 24 and 25: 1.2. GLOBAL DEBATES ON HUMAN TRAFFI
Page 26 and 27: processes by which migrant workers
Page 28 and 29: Concerted efforts have been made to
Page 30 and 31: documented abuses against domestic
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 2.1. RESEARC
Page 34 and 35: Table 2.1. Dimensions of forced lab
Page 36 and 37: Table 2.4. Indicators of impossibil
Page 38 and 39: 2.2. OVERVIEW OF DATA COLLECTED In
Page 42 and 43: CHAPTER 3: THE PROCESSES OF TRAFFIC
Page 44 and 45: Table 3.1. Overview of three proces
Page 46 and 47: city.” Prospective migrants somet
Page 48 and 49: agency is found to have committed g
Page 50 and 51: The onus is therefore on the countr
Page 52 and 53: employers and the recruitment agenc
Page 54 and 55: classes,” said one woman from Cam
Page 56 and 57: 3.1.3. Work and life under duress I
Page 58 and 59: Many other domestic workers intervi
Page 60 and 61: Passports are usually taken away wi
Page 62 and 63: notified, the police will cancel th
Page 64 and 65: Withholding of wages Employers and
Page 66 and 67: Box 3.6. Rape of a domestic worker
Page 68 and 69: 3.2. SEX WORK 3.2.1. At a glance: K
Page 70 and 71: Table 3.2. Overview of four process
Page 72 and 73: parts of the world. 91 Arab women t
Page 74 and 75: Recruitment by deception about the
Page 76 and 77: The victim came to the country to w
Page 78 and 79: the Maghreb, particularly Tunisia a
Page 80 and 81: By contrast, the Arab nightclubs of
Page 82 and 83: Two Russian artists said during an
Page 84 and 85: By contrast, there are those who in
Page 86 and 87: Parents in Middle Eastern countries
Page 88 and 89: go there for one objective.” A th
Page 90 and 91:
Box 3.14. Cases involving the reten
Page 92 and 93:
words too like ‘I love you’.”
Page 94 and 95:
workers being detained and deported
Page 96 and 97:
are enshrined in law: the decree co
Page 98 and 99:
I am prepared to do. There is no al
Page 100 and 101:
These sectors rely heavily on a pre
Page 102 and 103:
3.3.2. Recruitment Migration: patte
Page 104 and 105:
Most migrant workers, however, find
Page 106 and 107:
These practices are in contraventio
Page 108 and 109:
‘Unfree’ recruitment: Deception
Page 110 and 111:
subsequently accused of causing a f
Page 112 and 113:
Herein lies the problem that can le
Page 114 and 115:
among migrant workers if workers ar
Page 116 and 117:
Withholding of wages One of the maj
Page 118 and 119:
Physical violence and threats Emplo
Page 120 and 121:
If the employer refuses to release
Page 122:
This analysis of the responses of m
Page 125 and 126:
4.1.1. Adoption of national laws on
Page 127 and 128:
In Kuwait, the Government ratified
Page 129 and 130:
4.1.3. Provisions in penal and labo
Page 131 and 132:
the core issues of trafficking and
Page 133 and 134:
4.1.4. Specific legal instruments r
Page 135 and 136:
All the cases brought to court to d
Page 137 and 138:
of forced prostitution. 66 The Chie
Page 139 and 140:
4.2.1. Delivery of training program
Page 141 and 142:
exercised in respect of domestic wo
Page 143 and 144:
The Dubai police also established a
Page 145 and 146:
Enforced labour inspection mechanis
Page 147 and 148:
training. In the following years, E
Page 149 and 150:
to “look into the reasons and con
Page 151 and 152:
gender, nationality or disability.
Page 153 and 154:
consider mandating ministries of la
Page 155 and 156:
Discussions are also under way rega
Page 157 and 158:
an orderly, formal recruitment proc
Page 159 and 160:
Trade unions could help ensure that
Page 161 and 162:
their incidence. 20 Providing emplo
Page 163 and 164:
Saudi Arabia 15 June 1978 15 June 1
Page 165 and 166:
Instructions on the Conditions and
Page 167 and 168:
ILO Conventions Forced Labour Conve
Page 169 and 170:
Baldwin-Edwards, M. 2011. “Labour
Page 171 and 172:
Huda, S. 2006. Report of the Specia
Page 173 and 174:
—. 2012g. Giving globalization a
Page 175 and 176:
—. 2012b. “A move to replace th
Page 177 and 178:
Qatar National Human Rights Committ
Page 179 and 180:
Vivere. 2012. Report on activities,
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