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Appendix C Formula Functions Reference 461
Character Functions
Find/Length is a character or numeric expression. Use a character string as search criterion, or use a
positive integer to return that number of consecutive characters starting from the Offset position. If
you specify a negative integer as the Length value, Munger returns all characters from the Offset
through to the end of the string.
Replace (optional argument) can be a string or unspecified. If it is a string and the Find/Offset value is
numeric, Munger replaces the search criterion with the Replace string to form the result. If the Find/
Offset value is numeric and no string is specified, Munger calculates a substring. If the Find/Length
value is a character string, Munger always returns the numeric offset, disregarding the Replace value if
it exists. To insert the Replace argument, click any argument in the Munger function and then click
the insert button. Use the delete key on your keyboard or the delete button ( ) on the formula editor
keypad to remove the Replace argument.
Lowercase, Uppercase
The Lowercase function converts any uppercase character found in its argument to the equivalent
lowercase character. For example, Lowercase("VERONICA LAYMAN") evaluates as veronica layman. The
Uppercase function converts any lowercase character found in its argument to the equivalent
uppercase character. For example, Uppercase("Veronica Layman") evaluates as VERONICA
LAYMAN.
Length
Calculates the length of its argument. For example, Length("Veronica") evaluates as 8. If the argument is
• a string, length returns the number of characters;
• a list, length returns the number of items in the list;
• a blob (binary object), the number of bytes.
Num
Produces a numeric value that corresponds to its character string argument when the character string
consists of numbers only. If a character string contains a non-numeric value, the result is a missing
value. For example, Num(“1.123”) evaluates as 1.123.
C Formula Functions Reference
Substr
Extracts the characters that are the portion of the first argument beginning at the position given by the
second argument and ending based on the number of characters specified in the third argument. The
first argument can be either a character column or a literal value. The starting argument and the length
argument can be numbers of expressions that evaluate to numbers. For example, to show the first name
only, Substr("Veronica Layman", 10, 6) starts at position 11 and reads through position 16, which yields
Layman.
If start is negative, Substr searches backward from start from the end of the string. If length is negative
or absent, Substr returns a string that begins with start and continues to the end of s.
Substr can also be used with lists.
Trim
Produces a new character string from its argument, removing any trailing blanks. For example,
Trim("john ") evaluates as john.