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470 Formula Functions Reference Appendix C
Conditional Functions
Choose
Choose is a special case of Match in which the arguments of the condition are a sequence of integers
starting at one. The value of clause replaces the match condition. An example of a Choose condition
is shown in Figure C.4. With Choose, the formula editor goes directly to the correct choice clause and
evaluates the result expression.
Figure C.4 Example of a Choose Condition
When you highlight an expression and click Choose, the formula editor creates a new conditional
expression with one clause. Use the insert ( ) and delete ( ) buttons on the keypad to add new
clauses or remove unwanted clauses, as described previously for the If conditional.
Choose evaluates the choose expression and goes immediately to the corresponding result expression
to generate the returned value. With Choose, you provide a choosing expression that yields sequential
integers starting at 1 only once, and then you give a choice for each integer in the sequence.
And &
Evaluates as 1 when both of its arguments are true. Otherwise it evaluates as 0. (See Figure C.7.) The
formula in Figure C.5 labels Group 1 as drivers only if both comparisons are true.
Figure C.5 Creating an And Function
Or |
Evaluates as 1 when either of its arguments is true. If both of its arguments are false, then the Or
expression evaluates as 0. (See Figure C.7.) The formula in Figure C.6 assigns males and all participants
over 13 to Group 1.
Figure C.6 Creating an Or Function
The truth tables on the left in Figure C.7 illustrate the results of the And (&) and Or (|) functions
when both arguments have nonmissing values that evaluate to true or false. The table on the right
illustrates the result when either the left or right expression (call them a and b) or both have missing
values.