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32 Creating and Opening Files Chapter 2
Importing Data
When evaluating conditions, NOT statements are processed for the entire statement first, followed by
AND statements, and then OR statements. Therefore
SELECT * FROM Solubil WHERE ETH > -2 OR OCT < 1 AND CCL4 > 0
is equivalent to
SELECT * FROM Solubil WHERE ETH > -2 OR (OCT < 1 AND CCL4 > 0)
Using the IN and BETWEEN Statements
To specify a range of values to fetch, use the IN and BETWEEN statements in conjunction with WHERE.
IN statements specify a list of values and BETWEEN lets you specify a range of values. For example,
SELECT * FROM Solubil WHERE LABEL IN (‘Methanol’, ‘Ethanol’, ‘Propanol’)
fetches all rows that have values of the LABEL column Methanol, Ethanol, or Propanol.
SELECT * FROM Solubil WHERE ETH BETWEEN 0 AND 2
fetches all rows that have ETH values between 0 and 2.
Using the LIKE Statement
With the LIKE statement, you can select values similar to a given string. Use % to represent a string of
characters that can take on any value. For example, you might want to select chemicals out of the
Solubil data that are alcohols, that is, have the –ol ending. The following SQL statement accomplishes
this task.
SELECT * FROM Solubil WHERE LABELS LIKE ‘%OL’
The % operator can be placed anywhere in the LIKE statement. The following example extracts all rows
that have labels starting with M and ending in OL:
SELECT * FROM Solubil WHERE LABELS LIKE ‘M%OL’
Using Aggregate Functions
Aggregate functions are used to fetch summaries of data rather than the data itself. Use any of the
following aggregate functions in a SELECT statement.
Table 2.3 SELECT Statement Functions
Function
Meaning
SUM( )
Sum of the column
AVG( )
Average of the column
MAX( )
Maximum of the column
MIN( )
Minimum of the column
COUNT( )
Number of rows in the column
Some examples include:
• The following statement requests the sum of the ETH and OCT columns:
SELECT SUM(ETH), SUM(OCT) FROM Solubil
• This statement returns the number of rows that have ETH values greater than one:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Solubil WHERE ETH > 1
• The following statement lets you know the average OCT value for the data that are alcohols: